Phytoremediation Technology, Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Remediation and Role of Hyperaccumulator's | Original Article

ABSTRACT:

Phytoremediation is a technology of the use of plants for remediation of contaminants from soil, water, air etc. It consists of the types and mechanisms like Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Phytovolatalization Phytodegradation, Rhizofiltration, Phytodesalination etc. Plants take heavy metals from soil solution into their roots, after entry into the roots the heavy metal ions can either be stored in roots or translocated to aerial parts through xylem vessel's where they are mostly deposited in vacoules and sequestered. Hyper accumulators are plants having a tendency and capacity to tolerate a wide range of contamination, heavy metals, sewage, radionuclides etc. Hyperaccumulators tolerate a wide range of heavy metals and concentrate them to aerial parts of plants. They are helpful in cleaning the environment, soil, water, air etc. They can tolerate heavy metal concentration Their role is to remediate contaminants present in soil and water by Phytoremediaton technology and it's mechanisms eg of Hyperaccumulator's Brassica juncea (Mustard), Solanum Lycopersicon or Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Helianthus annus (Sunflower), Eicchornea crassipes etc. High concentration of Heavy metal decrease in root length, shoot and aerial parts of plant suggests metal transferred from soil to aerial parts of plant with eradication of heavy metals shows high potential of Phytoremediation.