A Comprehensive Review of Recent Progress in Biofuels | Original Article

ABSTRACT:

ABSTRACT

Biofuels, derived from organic materials like plants and algae, offer advantages including reduced carbon emissions and decreased reliance on imported oil. Recent biofuel research has focused on advanced feedstocks and conversion technologies, moving beyond traditional options like corn ethanol and soy biodiesel. Second-generation biofuels from non-food sources such as switchgrass and woody biomass show promise for higher yields and lower environmental impacts. Innovative conversion processes like pyrolysis and gasification enable more efficient biomass-to-biofuel conversion. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) is crucial for assessing the economic feasibility of biofuel production. TEA models evaluate costs and benefits across various production scales, considering factors like feedstock costs and market demand. By optimizing process parameters, TEA helps identify cost-effective biofuel production pathways. Environmental sustainability is a key focus in biofuel research, with life cycle assessment (LCA) studies evaluating environmental impacts from feedstock cultivation to fuel combustion. LCA quantifies greenhouse gas emissions, land use changes, and other environmental factors, guiding the development of sustainable biofuel pathways. Policy frameworks play a vital role in biofuel deployment, with governments implementing blending mandates and renewable fuel standards to stimulate market demand. However, challenges remain in balancing stakeholder interests and ensuring equitable and sustainable biofuel policies. In summary, biofuels offer promising solutions for mitigating climate change and enhancing energy security. Recent advancements in biofuel research have focused on advanced feedstocks, conversion technologies, and sustainability practices. By providing a concise overview of recent developments, this review aims to guide future research and policy interventions for a sustainable biofuels industry.Top of Form