World’s largest Lift Irrigation Scheme is being executed in the water starved state of Telangana.  The features of this multi-purpose irrigation project on Godavari River are described which will meet the irrigation and drinking water needs of 20 of the 31 districts of  Telangana.  The links, lifts, reservoirs (existing and new) are briefly mentioned in the paper to give an overview.  The paper explains the success story of  BHEL who has passed successfully the phases of design, model testing and manufacturing of the highest capacity synchronous motor driven pumps with in-house experience and technology.    

ABSTRACT: In this article,  we are discussing planning of switchyards of hydel power stations. The   switchyards are planned depending upon number of units, number of feeders and the voltage level. In case of thermal plants, normally plain area is available near power house building. It is just like to make a drawing on clean black board. We can plan the switchyards as per the established practice of the generating company.

However, in the case of hydel power stations, the project is tailor-made. Its layout varies from project site to site. The switchyard, in some cases, may have to be planned quite away from power station depending upon the availability of plain land. Sometimes, due to hard rocks, it is quite costly to create plain area for switchyards. Therefore, the switchyard may have to be planned quite away from power house building. Generator Transformers are generally located near to the power house building from where H.V. feeders are taken to switchyard by installing suitable towers or sometimes suitable anchoring in the dam body. 

Wind Energy is variable in nature as it depends on sun, temperature, pressure variations and geography. Wind Energy based power generation poses problems in grid integration due to its fluctuating nature.  Hence, it becomes necessary to forecast the wind power generation which is necessary for generation scheduling. The wind power forecasting helps the wind farm operator to convey reliable generation data to the load dispatch centre to facilitate generation scheduling needed for stable operation of Grid.  This paper summarises some of the developments in the field of Wind power forecasting which may help researchers in formulation of a wind power forecasting model. Increasing wind energy penetration avoids carbon emission whereas wind power forecasting facilitates optimum utilization of wind resource.

ABSTRACT

This paper attempts to present a combined view of various operation & maintenance problems in the areas of turbine, generator, governing and associated equipments, static excitation system and various other auxiliaries, which are constituents of a Hydro power generating unit in a Hydro power station. The effect of these problems on the relevant part of the machine is brought out together with remedial measures to solve them and to prevent their recurrence as a long term measure.

ABSTRACT

In this paper, the challenges imposed by climate change and the role of hydropower in mitigating the impacts of climate change are discussed.  The outline of development made in  hydropower in India and the world are also explained.  There are hydropower projects that have completed more than 100 years and are still in operation. The main objective of hydro schemes has generally been a water management and to preserve and supply water for drinking, irrigation, industries, and hydroelectric power development. The working of hydropower plant along with the approach to control the voltage and frequency are included.    

Energy Management Principles as applied for

Energy Audit of Air-conditioning Systems

By: Sunil Sood

Director, LCG Energy Consultants Pvt .Ltd.

Founder and Life Member, IAEMP

ABSTRACT

The energy management is an important activity in all sectors of economy including domestic, agricultural, commercial and industrial sectors. It involves managing energy requirements in such a way that the least amount of energy is needed to complete a task while using the right quality of energy.

There are certain common basic principles which are applied to ensure that these objectives are met. The author has tried to apply these principles for conducting the energy audit of air-  conditioning systems to achieve the objectives of energy management.

Abstract— The paper presents a study of micro air vehicles (MAVs) with wingspans of 20 cm with two different airfoil configurations. MAVs have a vast potential applications in both military and civilian areas. These MAVs are fully autonomous and supply real-time data. The paper focuses on two different designs of the MAVs one being N22 airfoil and the other a flat plate with similar dimension. As designed, the MAV would fly in a low Reynolds-number regime at airspeeds of 15 & 20 m/sec. Propulsion would be provided by an electric motor with an advanced lithium polymer battery, because of the close coupling between vehicle elements, system integration would be a significant challenge, requiring tight packaging and multifunction components to meet mass limitations and Centre of Gravity (C.G) balancing. These MAVs are feasible and within a couple of years of technology development in key areas including sensors, propulsion, Aerodynamics, and packaging these would be easily available to the users at affordable prices. The paper finally compares the flight performance of the two configurations.

ABSTRACT

There are so many methods of classification in literature but very few are based on properties of Boolean function. Autocorrelation is very important property of a given Boolean function. So, we have developed two methods to classify set of all Boolean functions based on Autocorrelation and Logic gates. We have used NSGA-II to get out results. Our method is novel and very efficient.

ABSTRACT

For electrical power industry, Smart Grid (SG) is one of the hot topics in national news and professional conferences from last few years. Its success is depending on the customer need, which is measured in terms of reliability. But in present SG systems, there is always an energy scheduling problem for source and the demand side, as electrical energy demand is growing rapidly. This gives an alarming situation not only for providing sustainable energy but also preservation of environment worldwide. Therefore, in this paper, the vision for future SG is further articulated by Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) implementation, so that monitoring and controlling of that electrical power will be possible. Also, the Electric Vehicle (EV) has become integral part of the grid operation. This offers an opportunity to utilize EV’s stored energy, when they are in idle (parking) condition means if demand need is low and sending power back to the grid if demand need is high. This way, flaw less and error less continuous supply is imaginable for the consumers. To get the maximum benefit of this V2G technology, it is enforced to merge the complementary strengths of the EV’s and needs of the power grid. This paper will also shed some light on economic impact, advantages and scope of V2G technology.

ABSTRACT

In this paper a review and comparison between conventional converter i.e. DC-Link converter and matrix converter is done. .this paper presents the different topologies, pros and cons and industrial applications of both the conventional converter and matrix converter.

ABSTRACT

The geothermal energy has finite use; biomass and other derivatives (wood and charcoal) are highly efficient in comparison with other energy sources still with dwindling sources of biomass there is need to find alternatives. On top of this there is continuously pollution growth, resources depletion and climate change due to continuous use of conventional fuels. The earth and its atmosphere absorb 3.8×1024 J/yr of incoming solar energy. In the solution of energy needs, solar inform of renewable energy source can play a very important role.  Cost effectiveness of many renewable sources including solar has been improved there through research and technological developments. It is expected that about middle of this century half of the world’s energy needs is likely to be met by the renewable energy and mainly solar energy.

ABSTRACT

In this digital era, digital representation of electrical parameters makes the system operation more reliable and sensitive. A digital technique has been used here for analysing the faults. During fault detection, power transformers are prone to various harmonics and inrush current so we have to find a way that can differentiate the unwanted outages of power transformers. Differential protection is one of the most effective and sensitive method of transformer protection. It is based on the fact that during internal fault condition the current entering the electrical equipment is different from that leaving it. Differential relay is most suitable for protection of transformer and is capable of detecting very small magnitude of differential current. Inrush and fault currents are non-stationary and non-periodic signals containing both high frequency oscillations and localized impulses superimposed on the power frequency and its harmonics and transformer transient current signals during faults and inrush conditions deals with short duration. Therefore, discrete wavelet transform that can analyse these harmonic conditions effectively, is most suitable. To analyse the different fault conditions, the digital data obtained after Discrete Wavelet Transform, is fed to Artificial Neural Network. In the present paper we have to study the different operating conditions of the power transformer. Present study is focused on suitably analysing the Inrush condition and Internal faults.

ABSTRACT

 Edible mushrooms are the fleshy and edible fruit bodies of several species of macro fungi. Mushroom Edibility may be defined by criteria that include absence of poisonous effects on humans and desirable taste and aroma. It is a good source of amino-acids, proteins, vitamins and minerals. It has rich amount of fibres and good energy boosters for adolescence. Mushroom cultivation is becoming one of the major income sources for Indian farmers. But most of farmers are not aware of mushroom cultivation process. Mushrooms can be cultivated using agro-based waste as substrate (growing medium). The yield of mushroom depends on substrate used and other mushroom cultivation room temperature, moisture, CO2, and atmospheric humidity. This paper covers comparative study of impact of substrates on mushroom biological efficiency and its nutrients.  Our main objective would be carrying out comparative analysis of impact of various types of substrate on both mushroom yield and its nutrient contents in particular for oyster mushroom. The figure millet and paddy was used as substrates in different proportion. Among the various combinations experimented, 100% Ragi substrate resulted in best yield and also resulted in better protein, carbohydrates and lipids when compared to other combination of substrates.

ABSTRACT-Land plants are destroyed by various heavy metals, pollutants, sewage water,explosives, industrial wastes.When plants are planted on these land they show eradication of various heavy metals and pollutants.These can be minimised by Phytoremediation technology.Phytoremediation technology is the use of green plants to clean air, water,soil.Phytoremediation technology useful in maintaining vegetation green.Lead and chromium are remediated by Phytoremediation technology,it's process es and mechanism, Eicchornea crassipes and Tomato plant.

Abstract

India has a well established and ever prospering Agriculture Sector and it occupies a leading position in global trade of agricultural products. There are multiple factors which favour India’s Agri-Export trade. The recent and ongoing COVID-19 pandemic had pushed the Global Economy into a state of pre recession and many sectors recorded negative growth in 2020. But the Agriculture sector in India has outperformed its production from the past years and equipped the nation with self sufficiency and buffer stock for export. This Paper studies the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on India’s Agriculture Export sector. The study reveals that the Agri- export sector has shown a record growth this year and the highest since 2003-04. It discusses the various factors which have contributed to this development. This paper also suggests the various measures and course of action to be adopted to further diversify the India’s global trade of Agricultural Products.

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to understand the purpose of technology based education. The paper also discusses the problems associated with technology based learning. An educational institution in India is primarily based only on traditional pedagogy of teaching and learning. They follow the traditional set up of face-to-face lectures in a classroom. But many academic institutions have initiated blended form of learning. If we observe the current status lot of them are still continuing with the old procedures. The sudden outbreak CORONA VIRUS has brought the entire world to a standstill situation. It has been declared as pandemic by the WHO. The education system is also adversely affected by this crisis and is facing lot of challenges. This situation has forced the education platform to opt the online mode of teaching. Earlier the academic institutions that were rigid to change their traditional pattern of teaching are forced to make a shift to the online pattern of teaching. This paper deals with the relevance of technology based education and includes the suggestions on how to tackle the challenge.

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to review literatures on lean management. Many industries faced different challenges due to the emergence of globalization that led to low productivity which by augmentation evacuated the profitability level of firms intervening in global market. Lean management is amidst the management strategies that are acquiring currency at overturning this diminishing organizational profitability. The approach and method in which lean management is executed in service industry vary from manufacturing. Therefore, one of the easy methods for directing the issue of customers’ satisfaction is to apply the method of Lean Management. The objective of this study is to perform a review of literature on the subject matter by exploring the different perspectives of scholars on the issues associated to the adoption of Lean Management Practices in an organization. The outcome of this study and paper has shown that for every industry to achieve competitive advantage and remain profitable it is essential to adopt lean management practices and accordingly, it will enhance customer satisfaction. Furthermore, these approaches will help managers to bring down or remove waste, inventory reduction, diminishing lead time, less rework and financial savings. It is recommended for all the organizations likewise manufacturing or Services industries to adopt lean management practices in the light of tough global competition and growing cost on the local environment.

.ABSTRACT

India is one of the populous democratic countries in the world and is a developing Country in terms of Economic Growth, Rapid Urbanization, Advancing itself in Defence and other Modern Technologies, etc. To support this Developing Country, ‘Digital India Programme’ is a Visionary Programme launched in 2015 by Government of India to transform India into a digitally Empowered Society. The main motto of the ‘Digital India Programme’ is to connect all the rural areas in India with Digital Networks thereby enhancing transparency in Governance. Totally, there are 107 Initiatives under this program that is helping India to transform to a Digital Country and many of the Initiatives are in the verge of completion. At this stage of COVID 19 Pandemic, this program is supporting Indian Government to reach citizens with ease thereby helping citizens to get benefits directly. Primarily, Digital India Program established the required ‘Digital Infrastructure’ to provide Digital Empowerment and required Services to Citizens and today, in this period of COVID 19 Pandemic; the established robust Digital Infrastructure is supporting several crores of citizens across India. With Digital India Initiative supporting Indian Government to reach the Citizens with ease, this paper focuses on highlighting the role of Digital India Program in Achieving Sustainable Development of India.

ABSTRACT

Rural development is a strategy for reducing poverty and to uplift socio-economic infrastructures in rural areas especially through agriculture development which is almost impossible without proper management of agriculture graduates and trained farmers. An attempt is made in this paper to examine the transformative role of responsible public and private mechanism, skilled farmers and agriculture graduates for achieving ultimate goals and objectives of agricultural policies and rural development efforts during various plan periods. Most of agriculture graduates have to be encouraged to work with farmers and need to be devoted in agricultural based occupations. This situation suggests that the state is still potential destination form the perspectives commercial farming and agricultural transformation. The government need to give excessive emphasize to providing accessible and affordable agriculture education opportunities to socio-economically backward students whose family members are still working in agriculture sectors. The government needs to expand agricultural service delivery mechanism and mobilize agriculture graduates and post graduates in remote areas. The private sectors also need to invest in agriculture sectors for the people struggling against food insecurity.

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease. 2019 (COVID- 19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome. Covid pandemic has totally changed the dynamics of the world but education sector is one of the worst hit segments in India. With spread of COVID-19, normal functioning of educational institutions got badly affected. In higher education, the classes were suspended around 16.03.2020 onwards, and the students were asked to vacate the hostel. It was very tough time for students as most of them had just returned from their homes after the Holi holidays, and a few had still not come back. The medical experts and scientists are working world-wide to develop a vaccine to control the pandemic, but useful results are likely to take longer time. Definitely, the society has to get accustomed to live with the corona virus following the guidelines issued by the Government from time to time. The activities can also be modified, and can even be postponed if possible, to save people from getting infected from the disease. Amid an unprecedented corona virus crisis across the world, in India, a discussion about online education has now acquired paramount importance in terms of reliance on imparting knowledge virtually, compared to the conventional method of face-to-face teaching. Our education structure is different and only limited people have access to digital media. We can enter into this model of education if all the students have access to internet and computers. But that is not the case. This paper examines status of education under lockdown.

ABSTRACT

In India, Jammu and Kashmir is known for its Mushroom Cultivation. Owing to the favourable climatic conditions, there have been several recent reports of increase in profitability of farmers involved in mushroom cultivation while many have found it to be a new source of income. Since Government of India is taking lot of initiative on the direction of developing entrepreneurship in Jammu and Kashmir and at the same time mushroom farming is emerging as booming entrepreneurial options, it is imperative to study the impact of government initiatives on entrepreneurship development in Jammu and Kashmir in the field of mushroom cultivation. For this, a quantitative analysis has been conducted in the present research. Herein, primary data has been collected using survey strategy for which a structured quantitative questionnaire has been used as the data collection instrument. The study found a significant impact of Government initiatives on development of Mushroom farming as an entrepreneurship option in Jammu and Kashmir.

ABSTRACT

Nutrigenomic is science, study the relationship between human genome, human nutrition and health. Nutritional genomics is the relation between food and inherited genes. Nutritional research typically focuses on preventive measures trying to identify what nutrients or food will rise / lower risk of disease and damage to human body. Studies show that micronutrient (vitamins and minerals) has ability to change genetic expression by acting on gene. Micronutrient like vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D and mineral like selenium has ability to generate dietary signal. This dietary signal has role in maintain health and produce disease. With the help of this micronutrient we can prevent or control diet related disease like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Cancer is most fatal disease and leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer is mutation of gene that cause uncontrolled cell growth. Micronutrient has ability to act on gene and change genetic expression. That helps change gene expression in mutant cancer cell and cause cell death. Among all the micronutrients Vitamin c has effective role in much type of cancer like colon, breast, tongue and laryngeal cancer. It causes death of cancerous cell through apoptosis, necrosis and necroptosis by acting on gene. It activate caspase independent pathway, PKC (protein kinase c) and increase intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) which cause death of cancerous cell. Vitamin c has cytotoxic and cytostatic effect on cancerous cell. Too high dose of vitamin c may cause cytotoxic effect on normal cell. Is has carcinostatic effect and also has ability to cell cycle arrest. Cell cycle arrest prevent cell division. That help to prevention of cancer growth. Vitamin c may has preventive role in different type of cancer. It may help to prevention of cancer growth.

ABSTRACT

OLEDs are a breakthrough technology in display technology. with a high expectation Profitability on the display market. They show low driving voltage in combination Unlimited viewing angles, high colour-brilliance, light weight, short film-thickness and low production cost. First a small LED came in this area then after CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) which is used in today's time but due to its heaviness we do not carry it from one place to another. Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs) work on the principle of converting electrical energy into light, as time has progressed, many changes have occurred happened in the field of revolution. For example, light emitting diodes (LEDs) and liquid Crystal displays (LCDs) are already used but they have some problems. As a result, OLED's Revelation Some Electronic Devices Are Sandwiched Between Two Thin Conductive cathode films that generate light by applying power. OLED is a self-brighter as it is Made from thin flame of natural mixture. The substrate can be rigid such as glass or Metallic or flexible using polymer plastics. The number of emitting layers depends on the desired light output of the device. OLED technology has great potential for new uses such as in the form of flexible paper-thin OLED panels and transparent OLEDs.

ABSTRACT

Phytochemicals are bioactive compound obtained from the plants and are widely applied in the traditional herbal medicine. These herbal medicines are used by the local people to cure the various diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, thyroids, HIV etc. The present study deals with the phytochemical screening of Nigella Sativa. L. Seeds, which are commonly known as black cumin seeds, are remedy for everything except death. It may provide an ideal treatment for auto immune system and has antithyroid quality. Phytochemical screenings were performed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of various phytochemicals by using standard method of Harborne. Phytochemicals separation were also performed by using TLC and HPLC method. Phytochemicals present in seeds may be used in future for preparation of herbal drugs. Nano Synthesis of phytochemicals extract were performed by using silver nitrate, and silver nanoparticles were prepared Nanoparticles were characterized by U.V spectroscopic method, SEM analysis and EDX spectra.                                                      

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ABSTRACT

In view of environmental and health concerns, a determined effort was made in the last years to reduce and rationalize the use of chemicals (pesticides, fungicides, nematicides etc) worldwide, in order to manage pests/pathogens more effectively. This approach led to the emergence of a new discipline called IPM (integrated pest management). IPM is a holistic approach to sustainable agriculture that focuses on managing insects, weeds and diseases through a combination of cultural, physical, biological and chemical methods that are cost effective, environmentally sound and socially acceptable. This includes the responsible use of crop protection and plant biotech products. As the global population is on the rise, and therefore so is food demand. This means farmers must increase yields on existing lands while protecting biodiversity and looking after the environment. So, IPM provides farmers with tools and strategies to minimize losses caused by insects, weeds and diseases to sustainably maximize production. This paper also highlights the what IPM is, the range of tools, tactics and methods employed in IPM, a step by step approach to implementing an IPM program.

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer accounts for 19-34% of all cancer cases among women in India. There is high mortality due to late stage diagnosis. The Pre experimental one group pretest and posttest research design research was used among 50 young female adult from a selected Rabindranath Tagore University Bhopal, MP. Structured questionnaire consist of 30 items on knowledge regarding Breast self-Examination among young female adults were used to assess preexisting knowledge. Self-Instructional module was provided to the participants. Posttest knowledge was assessed after 7 days of provided Self Instructional module. The study revealed that majority 66% of young female adult were in the age group of 21-25 years, 48% were Graduates, 58% attained menarche between the age of 13-15 years. 54% of them gained knowledge from family and friends. In the pre–test the overall level of knowledge 74% had an average score, 24% of them had poor knowledge whereas 2% had good knowledge. In the pre–test the total knowledge score was 46% with mean±SD 17.54±4.61. In post–test the average knowledge was 68% and good knowledge was 32%.  In post–test the total knowledge score was 68% with mean±SD 25.86.92±2.76. Findings indicated that there was a highly significant difference (t=15.97, P<0.05). The study revealed that Young female adults had inadequate knowledge regarding breast self-examination. Before STP this indicates the necessity of an effective teaching programme regarding breast self-examination. After STP the knowledge was increased. 

ABSTRACT

The limited fossil fuels and continuously increasing energy demand are the main reason for use of Renewable Energy sources. Renewable energy systems are plays vital role in sustainable development. In this paper we discuss about power quality issue in solar PV power plant which comprises PV array, power quality improvement of harmonics distortion, correcting power factor and protection of solar PV plant by over voltage and over current using ETAP. In this paper, different analysis of grid connected PV plant on the power quality is reviewed.

ABSTRACT

The Machine learning is the subset of Artificial intelligent which can imitate like human intelligence and it can process the large information. The classification is process in machine learning based   on predictive modeling, which can predict future using current information. The Lung cancer prediction is the method which can predict future Lung Cancer possibilities based on the collection of previous dataset. There are many Lung Cancer prediction models are reviewed in this paper. It is analyzed that Ensemble Classification algorithms are the best predictive and efficient algorithms for the Lung Cancer prediction.

ABSTRACT

Dyslipidaemia is a major health problem in today’s society because of the inappropriate style of living which leads to many health problems out of which cardiovascular diseases are the most serious complication of dyslipidaemia. As dyslipidaemia has been closely linked to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases and it is due to abnormally elevated levels of lipoproteins in the blood. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia in India is very high. Many disorders, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension, have been related to it. It can cause a variety of life-threatening consequences if left untreated. It is a major independently modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This paper is an attempt to understand the concept of dyslipidaemia in light of the Unani System of Medicine and its proper management which focuses on the recommendations of Unani medicine like diet therapy, regimenal therapy, and pharmacotherapy which play a significant interventional role in the management of dyslipidaemia.

ABSTRACT

In the proposed Neuro-fuzzy based model, fuzzy system have been selected to enhance the capability of document retrieval process. To obtain this, fuzzy parameter or variables that can describe main features of the document are the term Frequency ratio (tfr), Document frequency ratio (dfr), Term frequency (tf), ratio of the number of search terms that occurs in one document to the length of the search term, Inverse document frequency (idf). In the proposed Neuro-fuzzy model for Information Retrieval, three fuzzy values have been used which are Low, Medium and High to represent fuzzy linguistic values. Various membership functions were tested for fuzzy linguistic value to identify the relevancy in document for query term. The query term is tested in three datasets and computed performance of methods using confusion matrix. The performance of the proposed model is compared with existing models, such as cosine similarity, L-shape, and S-shape membership functions. The comparison is based on precision (p), recall (r), and accuracy (a) parameters. Three standard text datasets, viz. Movie Review, Polarity and ACL IMDB (Large movie review) are used to evaluate the comparative models.

ABSTRACT

A tremor refers to involuntary, rhythmic muscle movements which involve   twitching or oscillatory movements of one or more parts of the body. Resting tremor occurs during rest which is a predominant feature of Parkinsonism. The subjective assessment is by theUnified Parkinson’s disease Rating Scale, a clinical standard scale for parkinsonism tremor assessment. Hence the sensor based tremor measuring device was used in the study for the prediction of tremors. OBJECTIVE: To detect the effectiveness of sensor analysis of resting tremor in Parkinsonism. METHODOLOGY: STUDY TYPE: Experimental; STUDY DURATION: four weeks; STUDY SETTING: SRM medical college and hospital.  PROCEDURE: 12 samples are taken. The resting tremors will analyse by using sensor-based device then, exercises for upper limb tremor is given for a period of four weeks then again after exercise, tremor will be analysed using a sensor based device to interpret the differences in the tremor after the therapy.  RESULT AND CONCLUSION: The study shows a significant correlation between pre test and post test values by using vibration sensor as aoutcome measure.

ABSTRACT

The continuous increase in the level of greenhouse gas emissions and rise in fuel prices are the main driving forces behind efforts for more effectively utilize various sources of renewable energy. In many parts of the world, direct solar radiation is considered to be one of the most prospective sources of energy. In Bihar mean yearly global solar radiant exposed is 18.31MJm–2day–1, this is sufficient amount of energy for use. This energy can be used as electrical energy or thermal energy. The storage of thermal energy for continuous operation in solar air heater is major challenge. The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. So, this study is concentrated on the thermal performance of storage type solar air heater by phase changed material (PARAFFIN WAX). A series of experimental tests undertaken on plain aluminium absorber plate which was placed over the paraffin wax bed (2 m×0.30 m×0.10 m). 490 aluminum fins (∅ 4 mm×100 mm) are welded on other side. These fins are dipped into the PCM’s bed for better conduction of heat from absorber plate to PCM and vice-versa. The experiment was conducted day and night (24 hr.) continuously after 1 hr. interval under no-load conditions over the ambient temperature range of 22-47ºC, and a daily global irradiation range of 984.53- 325.051W/m2. The experimental investigation shows that the maximum temperature rises up 60.5ºC in mid days. The temperature difference between output and input ranges of 1.5 ºC – 7.50ºC in morning time (06:00 hr) for different mass flow rate of air (0.015Kg/s, 0.020 Kg/s, 0.025 Kg/s). The average temperature rise of atmospheric air is 8º C, in 24 hours consistently. The time average instantaneous collector efficiency is 37.16 %. So, this setup can be used for various applications such as space heating, in painting shop, crop drying and poultry egg incubation for 24 hours application. Latent heat thermal energy storage is basically attractive technique because   it   provides   high energy storage density.  When comparing to conventional sensible heat energy storage systems, latent heat energy storage system requires a smaller weight and volume   of material for a given   amount   of   energy.   In addition, latent   heat   storage   has the   capacity to store heat of   fusion   at   a constant   or   near constant   temperature   which   respond to the p has e transition temperature of the phase change material (PCM).

ABSTRACT

The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assessment of Azadirachta indica leaf extract. These plants were collected; aqueous and alcoholic extracts were prepared. The phytochemical analysis of extracts were performed, and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of plant leaf material at dose of 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml concentrations against two strains were done. These extract were studied through agar diffusion method against Pseudomonas fluorescens an aerobic, gram-negative, ubiquitous organism present in agricultural soils and well adapted to grow in the rhizosphere and Alterneria solani fungal pathogen that produces a disease in tomato and potato plants called early blight. The phytochemical study inferred the presence of secondary metabolites which assist their herbal properties. For a long period of time, plants have been a valuable source of medicines. Phytochemical analysis of the alcoholic extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins and reducing sugars. The occurrence of these biologically active chemicals in the selected plants may justify their wide usage in traditional medicine.

ABSTRACT

The idea of ​​sentiment analysis has been receiving attention for the past few years. Major challenges in sentiment analysis are collection of huge data from sources, applying appropriate algorithms or techniques and splitting them into different sentiments. In this fast-expanding internet world, social media gives individuals a platform to express their views. In which we can say something. With the changing ways of things in different areas in our daily life, a person can easily express his opinion or idea. This idea does not say under any pressure but expresses itself. People tend to express themselves in their regional language or in a way convenient to them. Here social media has been created to play an important role in the personal feelings of the people. A huge amount of data gets accumulated in the network application, this data is the views and opinions of the person, based on their feelings, the best answer can be read. In this research paper, we will get the information about tweets posted by the customer to be positive, negative or neutral, for this the proposed Twitter model will first create a database of tweets from Twitter by using Twitter API, then we will write Using Text Blob, individual sentiment scores are assigned to the user's goals and using the text classification model they are classified as positive, negative or neutral.

ABSTRACT

Necessity is the mother of invention.  A need encourages creative efforts.  The history of world is the history of mankind determined from various disciplines such as archaeology, genetics, anthropology, linguistics etc.  Sun has always been the source of energy in the form of heat and light. Ability to produce fire and use it to burn biomass were the main milestones in the history of mankind. Man depended on the power from manual labour and animals.   Invention of watermills and then windmills emerged as the means to utilize natural sources of energy.  The pace of inventions and discoveries of conventional and renewable sources of energy and their usages picked-up in last few centuries.  The ways of transportation and communication were evolved.  In the last few decades, environmental concerns and climate uncertainty are compelling the trends of usage of environment friendly sources of energy. 

ABSTRACT

Thyroid organs help in regulating the thyroid hormone metabolism that is secreted in our body. The thyroid gland is a butterfly structure found in the neck of the human body. The thyroid gland produces hormones that are very important for our body. They are responsible for many specific functions, such as being overweight or underweight, causing or causing secrecy and unhappiness, standard of living and heart problems. A strategic suggestion has been made for thyroid disease. However, the treatment of thyroid infection has become easier now. Hypertension and diabetes are treated by a large proportion of patients such as older patients. Mainly this is a condition of which there are two types first hypothyroidism and second hyperthyroidism. Our research paper is based on the analysis of machine learning based classifiers for thyroid disease. The classification algorithms used in this paper measure diseases using disease datasets that provide accurate prediction estimates. This paper describes how to identify a better method of classification for thyroid disease, and concludes that ANN gives better accuracy than the decision tree technique.

ABSTRACT

There is an increasing demand on metropolitan regions, and the cities may have ecological consequences that extend beyond their political borders, consuming resources and producing wastes that have global implications for environmental and social well-being. Since the 1990s, urban biogeochemical cycles have been studied, and urban planning and design practises have applied this knowledge and investigated many approaches for restoring biological functionality to the built environment. The load on rural production structures to meet expanding demands for fruits and vegetables in urban markets based on the above facts and needs may be answered by establishing a self-sufficient urban system. This research aims to identify and propose a sustainable system of agriculture in urban societies through Case Study of an apartment society in India. A mixed approach research methodology is adopted. Qualitative data is collected through case study of an apartment building and quantitative data collection includes closed ended questionnaire survey from residents of society, to understand their perspective towards sustainability issues. This research concludes that the occupants are aware of global warming and sustainability issues and are willing to participate in promotion of urban agriculture. Finally, a design was proposed for upgrading the existing apartment building into a self-sustainable society by exploring the urban agricultural possibilities serving the needs of an urban society.

ABSTRACT

Anaemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries at all ages. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anaemia is defined as haemoglobin (Hb) levels <12.0 g/dL in women and <13.0 g/dL in men. Anaemia occurs when there are not enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen to your body's organs. There are many different types of anaemia, but the most common type is iron-deficiency anaemia. According to the WHO iron deficiency is the top nutritional disorder in the world. In India more than 600 million people suffer with this deficiency especially in the children and female. Moringa leaves are good source of iron but not used in daily meal. So, herbal lozenges containing Moringa leaves and Amala fruit are formulated as ascorbic acid from Amla helps absorption of iron from leaf.

ABSTRACT

Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus was cultivated using paddy straw as the substrate. The cultivated oyster mushroom was utilized for the preparation of mycelium bricks. Mycelium bricks are organic bricks synthesized from organic wastes and fungal mycelia including cultivated mushrooms and/or mushroom spawn. Mycelia are thin root like fibers from fungi which run underneath the ground. When dried they can be used as a super strong, water, mould and fire resistant building material that can be grown into specific forms thereby reducing the process requirements. Mycelium bricks are non pollutant, eco-friendly and more efficient. Mycelium bricks are novel constructs which alleviates the problems arising during construction such as poor quality raw materials, reduced strength, low water absorption capacity and decreased shelf life due to increase in the internal as well as external cracking. Mycelium bricks helps to overcome the environmental threats posed by the conventional brick making methods. They are a novel class of renewable biomaterial prepared using fungal mycelia and low-value non-food agricultural materials thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture or sustainable environment. Mycelium bricks are also susceptible to microbial contamination. Hence, a topical coating of microbially synthesized silver nanoparticles was applied on the surface of the mycelium bricks in order to enhance its purity. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV visible spectrophotometry, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X Ray Diffraction analysis. The compatibility of the synthesized mycelium bricks were determined by carrying out tests such as compressive strength test, water absorption test and drop test. These mycelium bricks are strong, cost effective, eco-friendly, biodegradable and replenishable giving rise to an efficient brick formulation which can serve as a suitable next generation alternative for construction.

ABSTRACT

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze as well as study the microwave dielectric behavior of soil in India. Soils are composed of solids, liquids and gases mixed together in variable proportions. Study of physical properties, chemical properties, dielectric properties of soil with varied organic and inorganic matter is useful in agriculture to predict quality and fertility of soil. Also it is useful for the researchers working in the field of microwave remote sensing. It has been observed that the dielectric constant of dry soil is less than three. Further it has been observed that dielectric constant of soil of different states UP, Kashmir, MH, Karnataka, WB, CG, Rajasthan, Kerala as 2.1, 5.0, 8.2,4.5, 3.5, 20.5, 10.5, 4.5,8.0 respectively. However, the relationship between soil dielectric constant and the soil physical properties is not straight forward. Soil plays a key role in various hydrological and meteorological applications. The moisture content in the soil affects the dielectric constant. The value of dielectric constant depends upon the percentage of moisture content in the soil. Soil characterization of a region is an important aspect in relation to sustainable agricultural productions.

ABSTRACT

CloudOps is cloud operations and it is used for identifying and defining appropriate or standards for IT services. It is very supportive to make the pipeline and optimizing cloud and IT operations. CloudOps provide network combinations, maintaining security, providing performance, proper device management, help desk, and some other tasks that are used by cloud applications and a variety of cloud operations. As per the various IT organizations or enterprise, this CloudOps uses DevOps principles of Continuous Integration (CI), Continuous Testing (CT), Continuous Deployment/Deployment (CD) for achieving targeted objective or better business process. Objective of this research is to understand how the DevOps and Cloud work together to achieve the businesses process and their transformation goals.

ABSTRACT

The modern day workplace is characterized by high degree of volatility, dynamism, uncertainty which has a huge influence on the mental health and well-being of an individual. It has been observed that emotional intelligence is among the most predominant factors that equips an individual to confront and cope up with the problems and situations. The level of emotional intelligence thus, is likely to influence the psychological well-being of individuals. This paper aims to explore the relationship of emotional intelligence and psychological wellbeing. The study was done on a sample of 106 employees working in the IT companies in the tri-city region of Chandigarh. They were asked to fill the Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al, 1998) and the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 1989). The results found a significant and moderate relationship of emotional intelligence with four dimensions of psychological well-being.

ABSTRACT

The goal of the study is to compare the effectiveness of an entomopathogenic fungus and a botanical insecticide in the control of Gram pod Borer. The most effective spray material as Beauveria bassiana which reduced H. armigera pod damage by 14.18 percent while Metarhizium anisopliae reduced pod damage by 15.37 percent. Pod infestation was lowest in the test plots of Beauveria bassiana and highest in the control plots. Beauveria bassiana was selected as the recommended technique for controlling Gram pod borer infestations because it was most successful in reducing pod damage and consequently increasing chickpea yields. It was an extremely hazardous chemical and synthetic pesticide mixture. Metarhizium anisopliae, EPN, Custard apple leaf extract, sweet flag rhizome oil and clove oil extract all outperformed control in terms of pest reduction while remaining environmentally friendly. This botanical and bio-agent combination must be implemented into an IPM method to successfully combat H. armigera in the context of chickpea production.

ABSTRACT

The resurgence of interest in millets, small-seeded grains, stems from their potential impact on nutrition, agriculture, and socioeconomic progress. This study aims to provide a comprehensive panorama of millets, unveiling their multifaceted attributes from nutritional value to pivotal roles in agriculture with implications for both the economy and society. Recent times highlight millets' relevance in addressing global concerns, flourishing in diverse environments with resource efficiency. This study investigates their nutritional dimensions, recognizing their potential to combat malnutrition and enhance health outcomes. Beyond nutrition, the study explores millets' interplay with agriculture, highlighting their resilience to climatic challenges and eco-friendly growth. Their economic and societal effects are examined, revealing their power to revitalize rural economies and bridge urban-rural gaps. Ultimately, this study offers an upgraded understanding of millets, aiming to drive a sustainable, nourished, and harmonious future through interdisciplinary exploration.

ABSTRACT

The outlook for the tourism sector remains highly uncertain due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Domestic tourism is helping to recover from this blow, at least partially, and governments have taken impressive immediate action to restore it. There is a need to activate this sector more to protect jobs and businesses. Many countries are also now developing measures to build a more resilient tourism economy post COVID-19. These include creating plans to support the sustainable recovery of tourism, promoting the digital transition and moving towards a green tourism system, and rethinking tourism for the future.

ABSTRACT

This research paper explores the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on various industries and society as a whole. As AI technologies continue to advance at an unprecedented pace, their integration into various sectors is reshaping the way businesses operate, governments make decisions, and individuals interact with technology. This paper discusses the key applications of AI across industries such as healthcare, finance, manufacturing, and education, while also addressing the societal implications, challenges, and opportunities presented by the AI revolution. By examining both the positive and negative aspects, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI transformation and its potential future directions.

ABSTRACT

Phytoremediation technology is the use of plants and associated soil microbes to reduce the concentration of contaminants in soil, water, air etc. and by the interaction of EDTA ie Ethylenediaminetetraacetic there is enhancement or increased growth of plants is observed at low to medium concentration. EDTA increase the solubility of metals in soil and absorption by plants from roots to shoots. Enhancement of root, shoot length is observed. Phytoremediation may be a cluster of technologies, that use plants to reduce, degrade, or immobilize environmental, toxins. Phytoextractions, conjointly called, phytoaccumulation, phytoabsorption, and Phytosequestration. This method reduces soil metal concentration by cultivating plants with a high capability for metal accumulation in shoots. Plants extract massive concentrations of heavy metals into their roots, translocate, transfer the heavy metals to above than ground shoots or leaves and manufacture great quantity of plant biomass that may simply be harvested. Rhizofiltration technique is used in clean up contaminated waste water or acid mine drainage by absorption or precipitation. Phytostabilization is phytoimmobilization, holding of contaminated soil and sediments in place of vegetation and to immobilized cyanogenic contaminants in soils. It happens through the action, precipitation, complexation or metal valence reduction. Fore grasses, sedges, forage and reeds. Phytovolatalization involves the use of plants to take up contaminants from the soil transforming them into volatile kind and transporting them into the atmosphere. egSe, transpiration. Phytodegr adation conjointly called Phytotransformation, involve sup take, metabolization degradation of contaminants at within the plant or within the soil sediments, sludges, groundwater or surface water by enzymes produced and released by the plant, but on addition of EDTA phytoremediation technology increases at higher rate.

ABSTRACT

3-(6-(5-substituted furan -2-yl)-2-hydrazinyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)-2H-chromen -2-one 1(a-e) reacted respectively with ethyl acetoacetate and acetyl acetone. The resultant derivatives, 1-(6-(5-substituted furan-2-yl)-4-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-1,4-di-hydropyrimidin-2-yl)-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one (2a-e) and  3-(6-(5- substituted furan-2-yl)-2-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl)-2H-chromen-2-one (3a-e) were characterized by elemental content and spectral features. The antimicrobial activity of both series of compounds was also evaluated against bacteria and fungi.

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the profound impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on healthcare, illuminating the transformative journey towards smarter healthcare systems. Through a comprehensive exploration of AI applications, data-driven studies, and illustrative examples, the paper demonstrates how AI is reshaping medical diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, AI enables accurate and timely diagnoses from medical imaging, paving the way for early detection and improved outcomes. The fusion of AI with personalized medicine tailors treatment plans to individual patients, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Additionally, AI-powered predictive analytics optimizes resource allocation, streamlines operational workflows, and contributes to efficient patient management. While navigating the paper's intricate pathways, ethical considerations, regulatory challenges, and data privacy issues surrounding AI in healthcare are carefully examined. Drawing from a synthesis of empirical data and expert insights, the paper underscores the pivotal role of interdisciplinary collaboration between clinicians, data scientists, and policy makers in realizing the full potential of AI for a smarter, patient-centric healthcare landscape. As the paper culminates, it highlights the dynamic trajectory of AI in healthcare, unveiling a future characterized by augmented medical decision-making, enhanced patient outcomes, and the continuous evolution towards a truly intelligent healthcare ecosystem.

ABSTRACT

Millet, often referred to as "nutri-cereals," is witnessing a resurgence in global agriculture due to its numerous advantages for both farmers and consumers. Millet, a versatile and drought-tolerant cereal, has gained recognition as a robust crop with immense potential to address food security and nutritional challenges in a changing global climate. This study provides an overview of the multifaceted benefits that millet production offers to farmers, highlighting its potential to enhance food security, income generation, and sustainable agricultural practices. This study also provides an overview of the essential considerations and practices in preparing for millet production, emphasizing the significance of approaches based on local conditions and resources. Preparing for millet production involves a series of crucial steps that play a pivotal role in determining the success of the crop.

I INTRODUCTION

Plants are constantly exposed to a myriad of potential threats from pathogens such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Plant pathogens which cause diseases in plants result in reduction in plant yield; hence bio-control agents are helpful to enhance the plant growth promotion activities by controlling the plant diseases. Through bio-control microbes control the plant pathogen by secreting some specific type of secondary metabolites. To defend themselves, plants have evolved intricate defense mechanisms, including the production of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites play a crucial role in protecting plants from harmful pathogens. In recent years, there has been growing interest in harnessing the potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) to stimulate the production of secondary metabolites in plants, thereby enhancing their resistance to pathogens. Plant rhizosphere is considered as the hot spot for the specific beneficial microbial colonization and proliferation due to the presence of the nutrient rich exudates (Renella et al., 2005). Due to the eco-friendly nature, use of theses microbes does not have any side effect on the environment and human health besides the PGPR have cost effective application in agriculture field.  This article explores the fascinating relationship between PGPR and secondary metabolites and their impact on plant protection.

This is probably for the first time in the history of education, that all the institutions, almost all over the world, were closed down for around 6 months i.e. March to Aug 2020, due to Covid-19 pandemic. Online education was put to acid test in all higher education institutions during the locked down period. Unpreparedness and nonavailability of contingency plan in case of conventional system collapsed became biggest hurdle when switch over to online mode was done. In this crucial Covid period it was realized that there is need to do a lot, to restructure the current higher education system by introducing greater share of online education and skill development in the curriculum. It was also realized that online education is a different cup of tea and not simply converting notes in to pdf or uploading videos or making a slide show or replicating face to face format in to online system. A great deal of learning science and digital pedagogy in needed. Unfortunately, earlier, even for conventional system in initial stages no formal training of teachers was available, and it matured with time only, but now online education is coming to stay with bigger share, is a new system, so the need is stronger for formal training of faculty on online pedagogy, at national and regional level, by establishing academies/training institutes. The New Education Policy (NEP 20) has overlooked this critical need and left to normal FDP methodology which has not proved so successful in the past. The other weak areas are standardization of format, process and technology, time and resource management to overcome cost enhancement due to new norms of social distancing and expensive online systems and virtual labs. The most critical area needing attention in online system is also quality of online examination and assessment. This paper examines various aspects of higher education in pre Covid and post Covid period in India and provides an overview of what needs to be done.

The paper gives a brief overview of electric power system and role of power transformers. The faults in transformers and their protections will be briefly discussed. The damages caused by the occurrence of fault due to some abnormal conditions resulting in consequential severe damages. The root cause of the damage is normally established by conducting various tests at low voltage.  A special case will be discussed when due to extensive damages to the transformer; it is not possible to conduct low voltage tests. The paper will explain as to how the cause of damage is established by very minute study of the type and extent of damages.    

India’s growth in Power generation has been spectacular over the past several years. Apart from conventional Hydro and Thermal Power, the non-conventional Solar and wind Power have greatly contributed to this upsurge. There is however some technical issues related to the practices generally being followed or otherwise, in the operation of these plants particularly for hydro which need attention. This paper attempts to bring out and discuss these issues. While doing so, concepts involved are also touched to enable the Power Station engineers to fully appreciate these issues for implementation to reap maximum benefits of the asset they have been entrusted with for operation.

N-(arylmethylene)-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (3a-e) were synthesised  from 4-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (1) on reaction with different hetero aryl aldehydes (2a-e). The compounds (3a-e) then react with phenyl isocyanate and formed 3-aryl-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-4(3H)-thione (4a-e).The structures of all the synthesised compounds were characterized by elemental and spectroscopies method. All the schiff bases (3a-e) and thiazole-triazinederivatives (4a-e) examined for their antifungal activity,which show that all the compounds have good antifungal activity.

As the world is going through covid-19 pandemic, the education industry has got shattered. To lift the economy and maintain the continuous process of education, many institutes have taken a rout of web-based learning. This new process has been carried out using multiple online sources. This paper will analyze the effect of web-based learning for management student. How effective online education is, and will be it more beneficial if online education is continued in future. The primary research is carried out through questionnaire method and the data has been collected of 100 management students. Students’ satisfaction level adopting on the new way of learning has been analyzed in this paper.

The paper deals with the conventional sources of energy viz. fossil fuels, hydro and nuclear to generate electricity along with the historical development of electric power system comprising of power generation, transmission, and utilization. The growth of conventional electric power in India will be discussed. The depleting fossil fuel deposits and serious climate change concerns due to the emission of green house gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels have compelled to adopt the environment friendly renewable sources of energy. The paper gives evolution of renewable sources of energy and its present status. Finally, the futuristic renewable energy technologies have been briefly discussed.

Coal preparation is the removal of mineral matter from the Run-of-Mine (ROM) coal by employing separation processes which are able to differentiate between the physical and surface properties of coal and the mineral matter. Through coal preparation, a uniform product is obtained. Coal is prepared for its utilization in carbonization, combustion, gasification, liquefaction etc. plants. The selection of the logical separation process is based on  laboratory studies of the run – of – mine coal known as wash ability studies viz. size distribution, yield curve, cumulative float curve, cumulative sink curve, partition tromp curve. Through coal preparation, extraneous non combustible materials are reduced besides lower emission of particulates and reduction in ash handling problems in thermal power stations. Lower in SOx, NOx and carbon emissions as also reduction in transportation costs per unit and improvement in heat guaranteed. Due to consistent quality of washed coal, the plant efficiency will improve. Also due to lower green house gas emission, reduction in global warming is achieved. The cost of washed coal will enhance. Coarse coal cleaning (particle size > 0.5 mm) was discussed using gravity based and surface properties based methods. Dry separation processes such as electrical and magnetic properties based processes were narrated.

Electronic learning offers many methods which decreases the limitations of traditional education. E-learning appeals to organizations that a strong need or desire to deliver consistent training across multiple locations. Today’s new economy is characterized by industrial change, globalization,  knowledge sharing and information technology revolution thus, traditional classrooms do not satisfy the needs of new world of lifelong learning. This paper aims to provide a discussion about the satisfaction level of students among E-learning and employees among work from home by online mechanism. This study examines the evidence of the effectiveness of online learning by organizing and summarizing the findings and challenges of online learning into positive, negative, mixed and null findings. The research was Descriptive in nature and both primary and secondary data has been collected for this purpose. Taken as a whole, there is robust evidence to suggest online learning is generally at least as effective as the traditional format.

Renewable energy is finding increasing adoption in generation of electrical energy. One of the most widely used forms of renewable energy is wind; but utility scale WECS need a minimum average wind speed which is not available in most of the areas in India.  Hence, traditional WECS is unlikely to be economically viable due to inadequate power generation. Avante Garde has developed a small efficient horizontal wind turbine system with very low cut-in speed of 1.9 m/s and made it commercially available at a reasonable price. This paper discusses the horizontal axis WECS with permanent magnet synchronous generator and electronic convertor system for extracting the maximum power at a constant voltage and constant frequency. The WECS is simulated for a standalone application and its performance evaluated for Bhilai, Chhattisgarh.

This study is focusing Hoshiarpur in Punjab. Hoshiarpur is sub hilly and this region is generally called Kandi territory or semi-sloping region. This study is directed to discover the adequacy of advertising systems for expertise training in sub-mountain zones of Punjab. Improved advertising systems can cop up with the difficulties. Customary Marketing, print ads, for example, bulletins, boards, flyers and paper print advertisements and advanced marketing techniques can help in advancement of the significance of ability improvement training in rustic zones.

Coronovirus or COVID-19 is a family of viruses that causes a range of innocence in human including the common cough, cold and more severe forms like SARS and MERS which are life threatening.  With the increase of COVID-19 cases and death rate worldwide, the WHO declared the virus outbreak a pandemic in the second week of March 2020. The Coronovirus outbreak and the subsequent country wide lockdown deeply impacted the Indian Economy.  Majority of the companies are expecting a significant loss of revenue and jobs.  The most severely impacted sectors are aviation, automotive and sea food etc.  At the same time, many pharma companies are benefited due to huge demand for paracetomal and alike medicine.  These companies gained priority due to the pandemic. This pandemic has made the people realize the importance of life and medical insurance.   A lot of apps have been built in the past few months to help the people.

One of the renewable energy resources used worldwide is solar energy. Its availability varies from day to day and even within a day itself depending on season. Due to this variability, forecasting of solar PV power becomes necessary but also challenging. The reasonably accurate forecast is an important input to the state load dispatch centres for scheduling power generation by various sources of energy. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is widely used for such forecasting which involves training of the ANN using Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms. The forecasting approaches endeavour to minimize the error.  In this paper, ANN based short term PV power forecasting algorithm is used to forecast solar PV power 6 hour ahead  using trial and error approach and to compare different training approaches to reach at an optimized ANN solution.    

A matrix converter is a converter with a single stage conversion comprising a group of nine switches connecting the three phase source to the load. Matrix Converter can transform inputs with constant amplitude, frequency, variable amplitude and variable frequency into three-phase outputs because it can generate any output frequency because of multiple inputs. The Matrix Converter has four intrinsic features, a powerful input power factor, no intermediate DC link for energy storage, high regenerative capacity, and improved power density, lightweight and robust features. It is a result of several innovations over the decades due to which has made matrix converter very versatile. This paper presents developments that have taken place in nine way matrix converter topologies and modulation, protection and diversified applications.

In the present business situation environmental issues and problems have become primary concern for the business. Having an environmentally balanced and supportive business has become a compulsion for every organization. Green marketing is one such policy that supports environment friendly business. Green marketing can effectively facilitate sustainable improvement globally. There has been an inclination in consumer mind for green life fashion. In the current study I have discussed significance and impact of green advertising. This paper describes the current scenario of Indian green advertising and its evolution.

Phytoremediation is a technology of the use of plants for remediation of contaminants from soil, water, air etc. It consists of the types and mechanisms like Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Phytovolatalization Phytodegradation, Rhizofiltration, Phytodesalination etc. Plants take heavy metals from soil solution into their roots, after entry into the roots the heavy metal ions can either be stored in roots or translocated to aerial parts through xylem vessel's where they are mostly deposited in vacoules and sequestered. Hyper accumulators are plants having a tendency and capacity to tolerate a wide range of contamination, heavy metals, sewage, radionuclides etc. Hyperaccumulators tolerate a wide range of heavy metals and concentrate them to aerial parts of plants. They are helpful in cleaning the environment, soil, water, air etc. They can tolerate heavy metal concentration Their role is to remediate contaminants present in soil and water by Phytoremediaton technology and it's mechanisms eg of Hyperaccumulator's Brassica juncea (Mustard), Solanum Lycopersicon or Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Helianthus annus (Sunflower), Eicchornea crassipes etc. High concentration of Heavy metal decrease in root length, shoot and aerial parts of plant suggests metal transferred from soil to aerial parts of plant with eradication of heavy metals shows high potential of Phytoremediation.

Information regarding COVID 19, its transmission, recovery time, treatment, its severity, types of food to be taken, weather condition’s effect, its nomenclature, temperature screening, its protection, deaths, dealing with dead bodies etc. were collected and compiled at one place for the benefit of the reader in a simple way. Maintaining mental health of the corona patients is extremely important. No complexity has been discussed. The various happenings from 22.03.2020 till 03.06.2020 were critically examined by subjecting them to SWOT analysis. The results show that the management of COVID 19 in India was very good. It was concluded that prevention is better than cure and for that immunity has to be boosted by each individual. For boosting the immunity, ways and means have been suggested. We all have to live and survive in presence of corona hence we all have to enhance our immunity, use masks, keep social distancing, wash hand with soap frequently, use sanitizer for hand rubs, drink golden milk, Karha, hot water drink, eat chyavanprash, moong-chana, honey, take sunbath, Vitamin C, pranayaam etc.

With time manufacturing industries are shifting to the places where labor charges are less but once the industry is set up the manufacturing cost starts increasing as with time there will be hike in charges of labors, raw material, transport, power, fuel, maintenance etc. these all will contribute in higher manufacturing cost. Manufacturing cost per unit will see continuous uptrend and that to sustain in this competitive market manufacturer cannot increase the selling cost, this results in reduction of the profit margin (percentage). Profit can be increased by two ways either by increasing selling price or by reducing manufacturing cost. The first option is not feasible therefore; to sustain in the competitive market the only option remain to work on manufacturing cost reduction. The big question arises how one can reduce manufacturing cost? The answer is by implementing lean manufacturing. Lean manufacturing and their tools is a perfect way to reduce wastages. Lean manufacturing works on elimination of non-value activities. Once non- value added activities get reduce automatically there will be increase in value added activities. Customer pays only for value added activities so keeping in this mind implementing lean manufacturing may become need for manufacturing industries. This paper includes information about lean manufacturing and lean tools, benefits of implementing lean manufacturing andsteps involved in implementatio.

In this time of economic recession, most managers or entrepreneurs have to confront many new job challenges which can easily turn into stressors. Job related stress is of rising concern because it badly affects the organization economically. Avoiding stress is not possible in today’s uncertain world but handling it in the proper manner that helps in producing positive returns rather than negative can certainly be learned. Stress has always been seen as a negative force causing pain, pressure and psychological threats to people. However, many studies highlighted that positive stress which is known as eustress leads to improved performance at work place and promotes professional development. Eustress produces positive feelings of enthusiasm, accomplishment, satisfaction, and well-being. It is said to be good because it makes one feel confident and energized by the challenges one experience from the pressures. Eustress is all about properly challenging oneself without consuming all the resources. This type of stress empowers one to succeed. This research paper shall throw light on how remodeling stress to eustress or encouraging positive stress at workplace can help employees stay motivated and productive. It will also suggest measures to handle stress effectively.

With the present pandemic situation, to continue the teaching-learning process, remote education and eLearning is essential. Content creation, content delivery, assessment and feedback are the fourpillars of the remote teaching-learning process.Learning management system (LMS) is an engine which powers the remote teaching-learning process by automating content delivery, assessment and feedback stages. Although LMS offers a set of advantages, there are some demerits of the same. Aftera detailed analysis of eLearning and keeping demerits of present LMS, SMARTx learning platform is developed by Mr. Ashish Hulle. It offers a lot of advantages over present LMS and hardly has any demerit. Detailed discussion on different LMS available, merits and demerits of available LMS software, SMARTx platforms and features of SMARTx platform has been carried out in this paper.

Gone are those days, when face to face interview was the principal opportunity one would get to establish a decent connect and deliver their best foot forward so as to ensure that the recruiter hires him/her. Or the time when, personalities were absolutely characterized by qualities seen on paper and, during interviews. Nowadays, when recruiter says, “Educate me about yourself”, the former is most likely to know you in and out through socially updated information. The particular study is an attempt to comprehend the role of social media platform in reshaping the recent talent acquisition process. 

Out of all the economic crises occurred in the last decades, Coronavirus is one of the most harmful incidents. The report represents all the possible evaluations of the impact of lockdown on local businesses. The condition during this pandemic is obvious to be substandard and the ambition to grow and develop is become pointless, then what will be the outcome of this research? And even why does such a report is constructing whose result is already known? The simple answer is "expectations", the report will evaluate comparative conditions of local business and will provide the different expectations regarding the new strategies, new growth pattern, new business models, innovations and many more things which will help the businesses to revitalize their economic as well as social conditions. It is become important for businesses to revise their strategies for sustainable growth. The report will show all possible impact in a proper structure, importance of businesses in the economy and different influences of lockdown. Comparing the before lockdown and after lockdown conditions. All possible and related data are Analyzed with structured outcomes and results. Analyzing the data results and the business strategies concerning expectations to form the picture which will help in formulating the future prediction regarding economic growth as the most important component of the economy is "business". Therefore the future growth supposition is paramount.

Culture has been defined in many different ways and by many different theorists. For instance, according to Geert et al (2010) It is a way to differentiate one group of people with the other Kotter and Heskett (1992) pointed out in their study that it is something that developsand evolves continuously and this can be assessed through various scientific studies conducted on human behavior over a period of time. It involves the beliefs, value systems and behaviors in practice in a society. Moreover, Deal and Kennedy (1982) also tried to define culture in short as the ways and means in whichpeople conduct themselves in the society. In fact whenever there are a set of a few people, there emerges certain internal culture which is quite complex and also unique at the same time. This culture leads to augment the cohesiveness among the members and develop bond amongst them so that they work well in a team. Definitely, this culture is developed and nurtured through leadership, organizational history and workforce.Culture in general and Organizational cultures in specific are complex in nature. Organizational cultures have a strong impact during the evolution of any organization. A right culture improves the cohesion among employees and also enhances the creativity within the employee. This in a long run improves the economic efficiency of any organization. Hence it is imperative to understand how organizational culture affects the employee’s behaviors.

A good organizational culture improves the efficiency of the people working in the organization by giving each other the right direction and a sense of duty, accountability and responsibility towards each other and brings out development of an enterprise where its employees are motivated and lead towards improved work performance and thereby to work towards the strategic goals of the company. This positive environment in the workplace then becomes the culture in the organization and such organizations reap benefits of the same.

A modified technique is introduced to understand the design of Integer order PID controller. Due to simple tuning rules, conventional PID controller has the great success with the automatic tuning feature and tables that simplify their design. The Integer order PID controller show better robustness performance with the comparison of PID control's experimental to Heating control system (HIL). In Integer order control, design of simulink model of control system can be designed more straight forwardly with specification based on frequency response which can be change continuously.

Data Density Has a Linear Relation With Fixed Size of Data and Non-Linear Relation With Variable Size of Data. It Is Challenging to Manage Variable Size Data With Variable Arrival Rate. Given a Node Capacity Where Arrival Rate Is Not In Control Then This Problem Becomes Further Challenging and Requires an Algorithmic Solution. This Research Undertakes Variable Size Data and Variable Rate of Arrival at a Node Capacity and Proposes an Arbitration Algorithm With Management of Node Dispatch Capacity Algorithm to Solve This Problem, Which Will Be Tested Against Knapsack Problem. This Work Has Numerous Industrial and Social Applications. Traffic Management For Emergency Vehicle Is One Such Challenge.

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The Proposed Work In This Paper Deals With the Congestion Problem In Deregulated Power System. Due to Congestion In a Deregulated Power System, Transmission System Is Unable to Accommodate or Transfer the Desired Power Transaction. This Problem Can Be Overcome By the Use of Flexible Ac Transmission Systems (Factss) Devices. Factss Devices Reduce the Flows of Power In Heavily Loaded Lines As a Result an Increased In Load Ability of the System. Moreover, It Will Improve the Stability of the System, Lowering Down the System Loss and Cost of Production. the Optimal Location For Installing Thyristor Controlled Series Compensators (Tcscs) Based Facts Devices Is Carried Out By Using Sensitivity Based Analysis Method. In This Paper Tcsc Optimal Location Is Determined By Using Real Power Performance Index, Reduction of Total System Var Power Losses and Based on Reduction of Total System Active Power Losses. Matlab Based Programming Platform Is Used For Validation of Proposed Work.

The Main Objective of the Study Was to Find Out the Mistakes Done By the Students In Factorization, Give the Remedial Teaching and to Compare the Mean Score of Pre Remedial Test or Diagnostic Test and Post Remedial Test or Posttest In the Unit of Factorization. In the Present Study Researcher Select the School With Purposive Sampling Technique. on the Basis of Diagnosis Test 35 or Below Scorer Students Were Selected For the Remedial Teaching. Out of 60 Students 32 Students Were Included For Remedial Teaching In the Unit of Factorization. Researcher Formed a Diagnosis Test to Find Out the Mistakes. Researcher Measure the Effectiveness of Remedial Teaching With the Use of Posttest Which Is Formed on the Basis of Content of Factorization. In the Present Study Researcher Used Experimental Research Method and “Single Group Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design.” As Research Design. Researcher Used T-Test For the Comparison of Pretest and Posttest of the Students. Students Were Done Mistakes In Various Formula Like, (X + A) (X + B) = X2 + (X + B) X + Ab, (X+A) (X-A) = X2 – A2 , (X ± A)2 = X2 ±2Xa + A2 and (A + B + C)2 = A2 +B2 + C2 +2Ab +2Bc + 2Ca. As Per Result, Remedial Teaching Is Effective For the Better Understanding the Various Formulas and Concept Clarity of Factorization In Mathematics.

This research paper is the outcome of a study of Visual Merchandising Elements of an apparel retail store and their impact on behaviour of customers. It is an attempt to identify the most appealing elements of VM. The general purpose of Visual Merchandisin650g is to attract, invite, educate and motivate the customers to purchase merchandise being sold in the store. Visual Merchandising Elements have been categorised nt two major segments External VM Elements and Interior VM Elements. Exterior VME comprises of Graphics Signages, Window Display setting, Merchandise presentation, Parking facility, Brand name logo and Façade of the store. However Interior VME comprises of Store layout, theme, color, music, temperature, lighting, mannequin styling, product display, cleanliness, Furniture, Smell, Cash Counter, Floor directory and Trial room. For this study on impact of above mentioned VME, four leading MBOs of India were selected which are Fashion at Big Bazar (FBB), Lifestyle, Shoppers stop and Reliance Trends. All these four retailers are department stores dealing into multiple brands, offer both apparels and accessories and have presence pan India through their multiple outlets in various cities. The Store size and offered brands and merchandise quantity being similar in all the stores of these brands make them perfect competitors targeting the same customer group. Hence Visual Merchandising of these stores is comparable. Secondary data was used for formulating list of VME and primary data was collected from 500 samples, to study impact of these VME through self-developed and self-administered questionnaire. The Likert scale was used to record the level of influence of VME from ‘Strongly Agree’ to ‘Strongly Disagree’. Collected data was analysed and it was found that 80 sample agreed with the influence of VME on their behaviour. Also the most influencing External VMEs were found to be Window Display setting and Merchandise on Display. On the other hand, the most influencing Internal VMEs were found to be creative product display and mannequin styling.

Diabetes Is a Long Term Organ Disorder That Occurs When the Level of Blood Sugar Is Huge As Pancreas Does Not Produce Enough Insulin In Body or Alternatively, Cells Do Not React Well to Insulin. Diabetic Retinopathy (Dr) Is the Critical and Most Common Eye Related Disease Which Arises on Diabetic Patients. It Appear When the Blood Vessels of Retina Started to Swell and Leaks Blood That at Last Became Major Source of Vision Loss. Early Retinal Screening Is the Best Solution to Prevent from Diabetic Retinopathy. In This Paper We Present an Image Retrieval Method Which Find and Retrieve the Patient’S Retina Image from the Database of Normal and Dr Affected Images. a Retrieval Process Will Be Developed By Extracting Image’S Features By Using Discrete Wavelet Transform (Dwt) and Checking the Similarity Between the Query and Database Image By Measuring the Euclidean Distance. the Discrete Wavelet Transform Retrieval System Will Give Fast Search Over the Number of Images and Improve Accuracy. the Presented System Will Reduces the Professionals Work to Analyze Every Fundus Image Rather Than Diabetic Affected Image and Develop a Prototypical Dr Image Management System to Improve Diagnostic Performance.

Various Uncertainties Exist In the Power Systems and One of Them Is Load Uncertainty. As the Power System Network Is Undergoing Various Market Pressures These Days, It Becomes Very Important to Tackle the Uncertainties. Due to the Penetration of the Distributed Generation at the Load Ends In the System, the Load Bus Uncertainty Becomes a Matter of Serious Concern. In This Paper, the Handling and Representation of Various Uncertain Load Models Are Given. the Affect of Uncertainties In the System Has Been Observed By a Dynamic Load Flow Program and Severe Case Has Been Identified By a Sensitivity Index Namely Absolute Minimum Eigen Value of Load Flow Jacobian. the Proposed Scheme Is Implemented on Ieee-14 Bus System.

A grid-connected photovoltaic power system or grid-connected PV power system is electricity generating solar PV system that is connected to the utility grid. Its impact on power quality of the system is major concern for both utility company and users but that quality may be affected by harmonics. Therefore reducing harmonic content in the grid connected power system is very important. In this paper, effect of single tuned harmonic filter on grid connected PV system is analyzed. Its impact on harmonics and power factor is considered. For simulation study PV connected system of Dr. C.V. Raman university, Kota is considered .For simulation study ETAP software is used. The system parameters are taken from actual site condition.

It is very well known that there is acute shortage of good quality drinking water. The quality of water which the common man drinks is not at par with the Indian standard specifications for drinking water i.e., IS-10500. The mine water coming out from Jharia coal fields, Raniganj coal field, Central coal field, Talcher coalfield, Northern coalfield, North Eastern coal field and Western coalfield,when characterized revealed that in most of the cases, higher values of TSS, TDS, Fe, Mn, Cl, F, SO4, Cu, As, Hg, CN, Ni, Cr, Al, Zn, Nitrate, Hardness, Phenol, Oil grease and coliform were observed as compared to the respective values givenin IS-10500. When this water were treated with optimum dose (concentration and time) of ozone, the results were encouraging and the higher values of the above parameters were reduced and found to be at par with IS -10500. Since this work was carried out for a private party on payment basis, the details of the data generated at different doses of ozone (concentration and time) cannot be provided. The present paper deals with the basic principlesscience behind such a reduction i.e., conversion of mine water to potable water.

Due to unavailability or limited resources of imaging modality some centres in low and middle income countries (LMICs) are still unable to adopt image based treatment planning in brachytherapy practice. This study aimed to compare the volumetric dose differences between images based planning and standard library plan (SLP) approaches to find out the feasibility of using SLP approaches for HDR treatment planning in LMICs. Total ninety four plans of 47 patients image based plan were evaluated retrospectively. For each set of image based plans, one additional set of plans were generated by applying dwell positions and dwell times of SLP approach on reconstructed applicator position of CT image data of each patient. The mean dose of bladder D2cc, D1cc and D0.1cc were higher by 0.03 Gy, 0.4 Gy and 0.06 Gy respectively in SLP approach rather than image based plan (p-value > 0.05). For rectum and sigmoid colon the mean dose of D2cc, D1cc and D0.1cc were significantly increases in SLP approach rather than image based plan. Higher increase for D0.1cc mean dose of rectum (0.12 Gy, 2.19) and sigmoid colon (0.12 Gy, 1.69) were found when SLP approach was used in place of image based plan. The results of this study shows that mean doses of target and OAR (bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon) are increases with SLP approach. The increase dose to rectum, bladder and sigmoid colon in SLP approach may lead to enhance the toxicity and hence affect the quality of life. The results of this study emphasized that if limited resource settings use SLP approach the proper applicator placements, adequate packing and other accounting factors should be considered carefully.

Visual secret sharing (VSS) scheme and Speech recognition method, both aremainly used for digital security. By using Random grid based technique Visual secret sharing schemes are used for performing decryption. But in many cases, it may be decrypted by applying different methodologies. Actually, VSS allows confidential message to be encrypted into (k, n), (n, n) or different secret scheme. In (k, n) it can define k as threshold and n as some group. So when n ≥ k then the confidential message can be acquired by these participants. Visual Secret Sharing Scheme is interesting because for decryption, even if, there is no knowledge of complex cryptography algorithm then also, it can perform decryption. Hence, based on this scheme, a new method is proposed to examine VSSS that uses speech recognition method, as proposed in this method.

The combination of encryption and invisibility of encrypted data, it unchanged the message entirely protected against data espionage. This concept can also provide an easy means to exchange imperative messages in a message. Based on this concept, we proposed a new encryption algorithm that providing confidentiality and authentication for secure data and this data is hiding behind cover image by using proposed steganography algorithm having less cover size. Another concept we used in this that is discrete wavelet transform which is applicable on large size of secretes image data to compress. PSNR and Entropy of stego image is showing the effectiveness of proposed algorithm.

Intrusion-detection-system (IDS) is the necessary part of the system form security point of view. It comes in both hardware and software IDS. Primary works of IDS is the recognized and differentiate between usual and unusual things that are happing in the system and show unusual thing as intrusion. At present unusual activity in the system are growing every year so improvement in existing IDS is always required. This paper is presents two thing, one is the concept of new host based IDS which used agent based mechanism to find intrusion on a host so it become host based intrusion detection system (AHIDS) and second is the selection of good classification technique for IDS. Selection of good classification technique is necessary because it is provide more accurate and prediction analysis on large amount of record set and IDS uses such type of data set for finding intrusions. Proposed AHIDS using three agent like PE, RA and DB agent where PE is the packet capturing and extracting agent, RA is rule agent and DB is the database agent. All agents are work together that means PE agent pass data to DB agent and RA agent collect data from DB agent. For the selection of good classification technique, proposed AHIDS comparing five different classification techniques like Naïve-Bayes, K-nearest- neighbors, SVM, J48, and Random-Forest. NSL-KDD data set is used for results examination.

In the present paper, effect of wood flour (WF) on E glass fiber (GF) reinforced epoxy polymer (GFRP) composite has been discussed. Composite panels were prepared using hand lay-up technique. The percentages of wood flour were varied from 2.5 wt. to 10 wt. keeping glass fiber constant in epoxy. Mechanical and water absorption tests were carried out and specimens were prepared accordingly. Results showed that as the percentage of WF increased in the composite, water uptake increases. The neat GF reinforced epoxy composite exhibited minimum water uptake. The Composite fabricated reinforced with 7.5 wt WF absorb maximum energy and exhibited highest tensile strength.

Electrical Power Distributed Generations are used for improvement of the voltage level and minimization of the power line loss in electrical power distribution network. This paper presents a review on optimizing the location of distributed generation using different Optimization Techniques. Various meta-heuristic optimization techniques are discussed to reconfigure the distribution system, obtain the optimized location, sizing of Distributed Generations, minimization of the line losses and cost of the electrical network. The paper presents the review on the development of distributed generation model, problem formulation in distributed generation, different optimization techniques etc.

Maggi is a name which needs no introduction as it is a world-renowned brand. Maggi noodles were introduced into the Indian market by its parent company Nestle India in 1983. Maggi, ever since it had entered the Indian market was one of “The Most Powerful Influential Brands in India”. This case is a study of ban and revival of the famous Maggi Noodles in India. The Maggi controversy broke the trust of many consumers because MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) and Lead were reported to be beyond the prescribed level. It was found in the year 2015 that MSG and Lead were found beyond prescribed limit in some of the tests conducted on Maggi samples in India. Bombay High Court directed to take away and destroy all the types of Maggi variants throughout the country. The Brand value worth Rs. 1300 crore was affected due to recollection of Maggi instant 2 minutes Noodles. Maggi 2-Minute Noodles, a brand sustained for more than three decades in India and loved by everyone, be it hostellers or housewives, had crumbled. The case discusses the ban scenario along with the timeline of events that occurred after it was found that “MSG and Lead levels” were beyond prescribed limit in “2- Minute Maggi”. Further the case deals with the revival of the brand after the removal of the ban. Several strategies were employed for the revival of the brand like use of emotional touch, television promotion and exclusive availability at stores.

Give of yourself every day-a smile, a compliment, a moment of your time, a listening ear or a kind word. There is always something you can give others”. -Anonymous

Participants in the financial Markets are prone to carried kinds of financial risks such as credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, systemic risk etc. It is most prudent on part of such financial institutions and market regulators to continually monitor risk, so that counter risk management strategies can be devised and implemented. For some years now the concept of, Value at Risk has gained currency and has been adopted as one of the standard measures of financial risk measurement and analysis. This concept has the advantage of quantifying risk in single number which makes it highly appealing and it approximate the Highest expected loss in given time interval and desired confidence level. This paper intends to highlight the importance of the Value at Risk concept and then how risk management has assimilated the same in contemporary risk management practices and organizational paradigm.

This paper aims to analyse the long run relationship between the futures and spot exchange rates of four currencies (“USDINR, EUROINR, GBPINR and JPYINR”). The data was tested for stationarity, cointegration and causality, and the results affirm that a long run relationship exists among the futures and spot exchange rates. The findings are very significant for policy makers, investors, and marketers since it provides a reliable forecast of exchange rates in the futures market which measures to effectively manage the risks.

Background and Objective The marketing strategies used by retail stores cannot be adopted by a unorganized retail pharmacy store as such since it operates within a regulatory environment. In consideration of this in continuation of our previous study, an attempt has been made to identify factors which may be beneficial to unorganized retail pharmacy store. Method A questionnaire consisting of twenty nine questions were designed. The responses were obtained unorganized retail pharmacy of Malwa Region of M.P. Total 145 unorganized pharmacy stores were randomly selected for the present study. The obtained responses were subjected to factor analysis. Results The factor analysis identified four factors, have been termed as branding, customer service, ancillary services Products and competitive pricing. Conclusion It was found that among the four factors, customer service is one of the significant factors which affect the sustainable growth of the retail unorganized pharmacy store.

Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a phenomenon when the company’s shares become available to public for the first time in the market. This is done either after incorporation or conversion of private limited company to public limited company. IPO witnessed a sharp decline in collections during 2008 quarter. Announcement of IPO may give a positive signal to the stakeholders that the company is working towards their interest. It may also indicate that the firm has ample opportunities and projects. The present study caters to the needs of shareholders and other stakeholders by analyzing the impact generated by IPOs on their returns. The study has incorporated analysis of share prices of companies initiating the IPOs between 2009-2016 and thereby computing its daily abnormal returns using CAPM. The daily stock prices of 20 companies have been taken for the concerned period from website of National Stock Exchange along with Nifty50 index values to compute market returns. t-test has been used to test for significance of abnormal returns in three event windows. Paired sample t-test has been used to find out difference in performance of IPO in varied time periods. The event study methodology has been used to find out the performance of the respective stocks since IPO announcement taking 24780 observations.

Heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cr etc) are hazardous to human beings, plants, animals. Due to industrialization, sewage human activities etc, they are dumped into the soil ,air, water Increase in concentration of heavy metals reduction in length of aerial parts roots, shoots of a plant is observed. Increase in dry weight is also observed in the presence of heavy metals. Reduction in length of aerial parts root, shoot of a plant is observed at160-170mg and above of heavy metal. The present study suggests that Phytoremediator Plants have 60-95 of tolerance level. Decrease in length of root, shoot suggests that the heavy metal transferred to Root and shoot. Increase in dry weight suggests that heavy metal is affecting the seedling and removal of heavy metal from soil near root area. Reduction in lengths of aerial parts is observed at higher concentrations and the plants tolerance level is also high at particular concentrations which suggests that they have maximum Phytoremediation capacity.

Photovoltaic systems have become an important source of renewable energy generation. Because solar power generation is intrinsically highly dependent on weather fluctuations, predicting power generation using weather information has several economic benefits, including reliable operation planning and proactive power trading. This study builds a model that predicts the amounts of solar power generation using weather information provided by weather agencies. Here BA-PSO (Butterfly Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization) Genetic Algorithm is used to predict the solar power requirement. A set of environmental variables are collected and their effect on solar power generation is evaluated by BA-PSO. This work considers a set of environmental features with their impact ratio solar power prediction. The BA-PSO was applied on dataset of Raipur city in Chhattisgarh state of India and the results show reduction in MAE, RMSE and improvement in power prediction when compared with ground truth values taken from Indian railway top roof solar installation.

This Study Evaluates the Lulc Changes Using Rs and Gis Tools. the Study Area, Upper Beas River Basin of Kullu Valley, Falls In the Middle Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, India. the Images of Land Sat Tm of 1991, Landsat Etm+ of 2001 and Landsat Oli of 2016 at 30 Meters Spatial Resolution Were Used For the Study. Both Anthropogenic and Environmental Factors That Are Responsible For the Changes In Land Use and Land Cover Are Evaluated. the Study Indicated Positive Changes In Bare Rock (20), Agriculture (1.72), Open Forest (0.34), Settlement (Built-Up 0.05) and River (0.02) and Whereas Negative Changes Are Observed In Snow Cover (-18.3), Grass (-3.18) and Forest (-0.53) During the Years 1991-2001, and the Trends Remained Similar With Different Magnitudes During 2001 – 2016. the Decline In Forest Area and Grass Cover With Parallel Increase In Agricultural Area and Associated Urbanisation Clearly Infer the Dominant Role of Manmade Activities In Controlling the Lulc Changes In This Region. Depletion In Snow Cover of This Region Between 1991 and 2016 Could Be a Consequence of the Recession of the Colder Climatic Belt to Higher Altitudes.

Rice is one of the most important crops, providing staple food for about half population of the world. Rice production must be increased 60 so as to meet for the contention by the year 2025.Rice belongs to the genus Oryza and has two cultivated and 22 wild species. The cultivated species are Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. Oryza sativa is grown all over the world while Oryza glaberrima has been cultivated in west Africa for the last ~3500 years. Rice is the principal food for over half of the production of the world. Drought is the most important abiotic stress limiting rice yields in almost all major ecosystems where it is presently grown. Drought is a critical abiotic stress that severely restrict crop production, under drought conditions plant accumulate reactive oxygen species.Abiotic stress is defined as the negative impact of non-living factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. The region within genome that contains gene associated with a particular trait are known as quantitative trait loci (QTLs).Different SSR markers are associated with different QTLs for drought tolerant.RM 3825 is associated with QTL DTY 1.1,RM 279 is associated with QTL DTY 2.2. Microsatellites are simple repeated motifs consisting of 1 to 6 base pairs, and they can be found in both coding and non-coding regions. The mutation rate of this type of genetic marker has been estimated to be between 10−2 and 10−4 per generation. The primary advantage of microsatellites as genetic markers is that they are inherited in a Mendelian fashion as co dominant markers. High polymorphism rates, high abundance and a broad distribution throughout the genome have made microsatellites one of the most popular genetic markers for use in plant breeding programs. Microsatellites are also known as simple sequence repeats (SSR), and they are typically composed of 1–6 nucleotide repeats[16].Recent advances in rice genomics have now made it possible to identify and map a number of genes through linkage to existing DNA markers. The ideal type of genetic marker should be highly polymorphic, show

Green Audit is a requirement of “NAAC” committee to the college. The concept of Green audit, industries are using it as a management tool to evaluate the environmental standards, industries can perform better and better for the sustainable development of the organization. The Experiments on the nature by avoiding natural rules, this can be one major reason behind that is green Audit. The term ‘Green’ means eco- friendly or not damaging the environment. Green Accounting can be defined as systematic identification, quantification, recording, reporting analysis of components of ecological diversity expressing the same in financial or social terms drivers of green audit, future scope, benefits and advantages are necessary to understand, A total of 267 species (Angiosperms-256, Gymnosperms-11) and 56 families (Dicot-48, Monocot-08), have been reported from the study area. As part of green audit of study area, we carried out the environmental monitoring of campus includes waste management. (Vermicomposting, Bio-waste management), greenhouse effect, aquarium, mushroom culture water conservation, tree plantation, paperless work, vegetative propagation, butterfly garden, ventilation paperless work system and mapping of Biodiversity. Noise level in the campus is well within the limit i.e. below 50 dB at day time. This may lead to the prosper future in context of Green Campus thus sustainable environment and committee development. Further we hope, this will boost the new generation to take care of environment and propagate these views for many generations to come.

Now a Day’S Chaotic Systems Have an Important Role In Secure Communication and Cryptography. As Fpga Implementation Have Certain Advantages Over Analog One, Different Chaotic System Like Chaotic Oscillator, True Random Number Generators and Chaotic Systems Used In Image Processing, Optical Circuits For Secure Communications Were Successfully Realized In Fpga. This Paper Presents Methodology of Fpga Implementation of any Chaotic System Using Different Numerical Algorithm. In Study the Numerical Solution of Differential Equations Given In Pandey-Baghel-Singh System Were Obtained and Coded In Verilog and Tested With Xilinxvivado 17.3 Design Suites In Artix-7 Nexus 4 Ddr and Basys3. Performance of the Fpga Based Chaotic Generator Using Heun and Rk4 Algorithmsare Analyzed Using 106 Data Sets With the Maximum Operating Frequency Achieved Up to 359.71Mhz.

In present scenario, transportation network provides the way for movements and medium for reaching destinations. It is the backbone of urban activity undergoing in cities.Inadequate transportation system hampers economic activities and creates hindrances for development. In most of the developing countries like India, obsolete methods like manual counting and stopwatch methods are being used for traffic related studies. Presently, there are more advanced and reliable traffic instruments like Metro Count, Radar Gun etc. available which can collect vast road usage information and can give large traffic data output in comparatively less time. These advanced methods are being used extensively in developed countries, but very few studies are available which shows use of these instruments in India. This paper presents amethodology to study the traffic flow characteristics and to analyse congestion on major roads (V-2 roads) of Chandigarh City using such advanced instruments. Traffic in Chandigarh has been increasing at much higher pace in tune with the vastly increasing commercial, industrial and manufacturing needs. Thus, with the help of advanced traffic survey instruments like Metro Count and Radar Gun, volume and speed study has been carried out to estimate congestion at various points on major roads of Chandigarh and Level of Service (LOS) was also determined for the same roads. The speed study has also been done using both Metro Count as well as Radar Gun for its comparative analysis. The findings of this study have revealed heavy congestion on approximately all the roads with Volume Capacity (VC) ratio less than one but as traffic is increasing, they may approach their saturation point soon. LOS has been found out to be either ‘C’ or ‘D’ indicating stable flow conditions for now but small increase may cause a considerable reduction in the ‘performance’ or ‘service’ which demand efforts to be taken to maintain the existing performance. The speed study has shown that roads are not satisfying the present prescribed speed limits arising the need to either revise speed limits or to adopt remedial measures to lower the speed of moving traffic within speed limits. It has been observed that Metro Count and Radar Gun give more reliable and accurate data and results as compared to other conventional methods available. Therefore, the authors propose to use such instruments only in order to carry out different traffic studies.

An investor would be exhibiting Herding behaviour when he or she relies more on information validated by a crowd, rather than on his own judgment, owing to popular perception that the crowd cannot be wrong. If investors are heavily influenced by other investors, analysts and other people, the ability to come up with their own analysis and judgments get hampered. The investors follow others rushing to buy (or rushing to sell) housing, property, shares or other investments. But simply going with the herd is not likely to be a well-thought through investment strategy. And the followers can end up paying the price. This paper provides a comprehensive study of herding behaviour and association of herding behaviour with age and experience of investors in stock market.

Sentiment Analysis is the process of understanding the meaning of feelings expressed by an individual online about entities such as products, services, organizations, individuals, issues, events, topics, and interpreting them in positive, negative and neutral classes in a automated way. The paper explains the workflow of Machine learning based approach classification for Sentiment Analysis .It gives an overview of common techniques that are used at different phases of classification with their strength and weakness. This study would help in solving research problems that are encountered in Sentiment Analysis. The understanding of the phases would help in developing efficient classifier and ultimately improving the performance of the Classification algorithm. A study of techniques adopted by researchers at different phases of Sentiment Analysis and brief analysis of study is also presented.

This manuscript present probabilistic pre-pre-seismic peril evaluation of south middle India (south of 28° N), and which is characterized by crustal inter plate pre-seismic activity in craton and rifting zones. It also brings more than a few updates including 1) peril evaluation in middle India 2) estimating resource zone-specific pre-seismicity parameters, 3) use of more than a few recently obtainable GMPEs both in terms of PGA and SA at dissimilar frequencies for incorporating the unpredictability in the ground movement for pre-seismic peril associated with dissimilar zones in middle and south India.

This paper presents an integrated approach of electricity generation by combining the kinetic energy of wind and solar thermal energy by using specifically designed wind tunnels and solar thermal energy storage system in a solar chimney power plant. The tunnels are designed to control wind velocity in the vicinity of the solar chimney whereas thermal energy storage system enhances the rate of energy generation. This paper describes the design and working of a prototype. The parameters for the prototype were derived by using simple flow equations. The design incorporates a coaxial turbine installed inside the solar chimney and wind flows through specifically designed static tunnels from all the directions. This Design enables to overcome the drop in power generation capacity of solar energy based power station when cloudy and rainy conditions persist. It was observed that due to tunnels the wind velocity increases and can be controlled, While thermal energy and chimney effect adds to wind velocity. Therefore electricity generation appreciably increases for larger time, besides the ease in maintenance and protection from storm.

Financial sector of our country needed to be strong to cater the needs of all the sections of the economy so that the overall development of the economy can be made especially in developing country like India. In this paper mainly the significance and recent growth of NBFC’s is explained. As the NBFC are the intermediary who plays very important role in the development of any economy like in India. As the financial needs of corporate as well as the unorganized sectors are increasingly day by day and in this respect NBFC provides the best services to all these sectors. NBFC are especially not covered under the banking scenario but these are regulated by central Government and reserve bank of India, so that their functioning can be properly managed and regulated. Their structure is so flexible so the amendments regarding up gradation can be introduced. The paper titled “Economic development in India with special reference to NBFC” presents the recent growth of Indian economy due to flow of credit with latest technology by NBFC and how their growth affect the long term growth of Indian economy.

The object of the present study is to examine the role of micro finance in enhancing women empowerment through SHGs. This study covered the areas of five selected districts of Odisha. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information on selected variables on the socio-economic and cultural variables that affect the members after joining the SHGs. Finally, the information from 612 member respondents representing cross section of population was collected from the SHGs of the area under the study. The data so collected has been analyzed by the application of appropriate statistical tools. The result reveals that the provision of micro finance through SHGs has a significant effect on the members of the SHGs. On the basis of the findings, few important suggestions were offered for the benefit of the Self Help Groups.

India is a very great country because there are so many religions and so many festivals of them. All the religions have same respects in here. One of the beautiful and very old religions is ‘Hindudharma’ in here. It is a biggest religion in here. Maximum populations follow this religion in India. ‘Sindoor’ is animportant part of this religion. Actually Sindoor is a red colour which is used in festival, worship of god, and married woman uses as a sing of marriage. This colour is used in here because red colour is a symbol of energy and log life in this religion .Modern sindoor mainly uses vermilion, which is an orange-red pigment. Vermilion is the purified and powdered form of cinnabar, which is the chief form in which mercury sulfide naturally occurs. As with other compounds of mercury, sindoor is toxic and must be handled carefully. Sometimes, red lead (lead tetroxide, also known as minimum) is added to sindoor. Red lead is toxic and a known carcinogen for laboratory animals, though its carcinogenicity to humans has not been established. Traditional sindoor was made with turmeric and alum or lime, or from other herbal ingredients. Unlike red lead and vermilion, these are not poisonous. In early 2008, allegations of high lead content led the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to recall batches of sindoor from several manufacturers.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the procedures followed in an instrument development and validation to measure the TQM practices in higher education institutions. The paper explores the process by which a reliable and valid questionnaire can be developed. The paper adopted the mixed methodology, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative approach was used at the initial stage of item generation and development for the instrument while the quantitative method was predominantly used to empirically establish the psychometric properties of the instrument. The paper finds that the TQM Scale is psychometrically sound. The reliability index for all the dimensions are well above 0.75 and the various empirical analyses, providing evidence of convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity as well as dimensionality. The paper provides detailed information on developing and validating a new measuring instrument. The method and procedure can be a good reference for researchers interested in developing measuring instruments on educational practices. The soft system methodology, intervention enhances holistic discussion in relation to the focal at the item generation phase. This allows a greater amount of creative debate resulting in a comprehensive list of indicators to be used the instrument. The final questionnaire consists of 30 items and the psychometry indicated that it is valid and reliable.

The impact of (SHG) Self Help Group is considerable in the provisions of Self-Worthy viz, Confidence Building, Capacity Building, Self-Employment Opportunities and meet their Financial Crises, betterment in Decision-Making Capacity of SHG members in terms of social matters in family like Education, Marriage of their Children and Strong protest against the husband beating the wife which is common among poor (due to unfortunate Economic and Social Status). It has helped lowered the social issues, increased the communication skills and self-confidence and brought behavioural change in Engineers folk. The formation of SHG is not finally a Micro-Credit Project but an Empowerment Procedure. It has been evident that people belonging to Low Economic Standards (LES) were suffering at different fronts due to shortage of money and get compelled to take loans from the professional money lenders, who in turn exploit them in several ways. It has been observed that Engineers face number of problems related to Poverty, Illiteracy, and lack of Communication Skills. They have limited access to services provided by the Government Agencies, confines to home and deprived of basic opportunities which cannot be solved individually but by group efforts. Therefore, the Empowerment of Engineers through formalization of Self Help Group is the most effective way of Self-Reliance.

In present era power systems architecture is now reconfigured and deregulated. Resilience of power systems is property to keep it within security limits and stable condition, which in present interconnected and complex system is major concern. Due to this advancement in automation in each stage Bi-directional power flow between utility and end-users’ are now common aspect. As the Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE) Sources in present scenario is mostly affordable technology by end-users world-wide and promoted by governments too. Role of DRE for the creation of Microgrid and Nanogrid systems were must, along with integration of Utility grid and communication using cyber-physical elements. As cyber-physical systems (CPS) are ancillary requirements in past decade but now it is a technology without which system reliability, security and stability all were in stack. In this research, resilience of microgrid and cyber-physical arena is taken in to consideration.

Professional health of nurses directly affects the physical as well as emotional well-being by curbing their efficiency. It’s having a direct bearing on overall quality of life. Aim of the paper is to discuss the physical, mental and emotional health of women nurses working in health care industry with special reference to India. The findings extracted from review were analysed thematically. It is basically divided into two segments one is occupational health hazards faced by nurses in general and other one is occupational health status of nurses in India. Nurses are exposed to various health problems and working conditions adversely affect the health of women nurses which also affect their profession and quality of life.

Make in India’ is an ambitious initiative of the central government which aims at increasing the pace of growth of national economy. But consistency in the growth to bring about sustainable development in the Indian economy is the biggest challenge of the program. India stands at a gross domestic product of 7.3 percent in the third quarter of 2016and are expected to continue at the similar rate for 2016-2017. This rate of growth is an outcome of improvement in the economic fundamentals and major initiatives by the government. Due to various policy reforms introduced by the government there has been a huge influx of funds under FDI enabling the economy to move along the growth trajectory. By enhancing the purchasing power and increasing demand, Make in India aims to spur the development. Tourism and Hospitality is one of the 25 targeted sectors of the economy under the program. Labour intensive nature of this sector makes it a key focus area that best suits the requirement of Indian economy. This study aims at looking at the phenomenon of Make in India from the perspective of tourism sector. How tourism integrates with this program and meets the challenges of contributing to maintaining the consistency and further enhancement of present economic growth? Also the study focuses upon how far Tourism sector would match to its global objective of Sustainable Development under this scheme?

Impulsive buying is on increase in the nation with the populations’ major portion being young. The new India is shopping differently. They make on the spot decisions which are influenced by many factors including sales promotions like coupons. Coupons today are using many mediums to reach their target audiences. The mediums include mobile messages to online websites and even the highly preferable mobile applications. These mediums are also one of the reasons that help in instigating an impulsive buy by its users. The new breeds of diners are hungry for bargains and are unlikely to go where they can't get them. This study deals with the study of these impulsive buyers and how they are influenced by these coupons.

The present empirical study makes an in-depth analysis of the investment of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI), the insurance behemoth in India. The analysis is made on the basis of fourteen years’ data from 2003 to 2016. The study includes an analysis of the investment across sectors namely public, private, joint and cooperative and into different instruments (stock exchange securities and others) by not only looking into the year-on-year growth but also growth during the period. Furthermore, the exploratory study looks into structural break, if any with regard to investment between the pre-financial crisis and post-crisis period. The investigation also aims to find out the relationship between investment in stock exchange securities and capital market movement.

This research paper is review of different type of wind power generation techniques. Power generation and utilization via wind energy is done by human since 3200 BC. A small introduction about the wind energy followed by Characteristics was taken in this review. Comparison of different type of wind generation system is presented which help in adopting the system as per need. Modelings of wind power plant were also taken into considerations accomplishing different simulation software to model.

The aluminum matrix composite (AMCs) is one the promising material for automobile and aircraft industry. It has numerous applications due to their excellent prosperities and light in weight. The properties of the aluminum matrix composite depends on the factor like fabrication methods, process parameters, properties of reinforcement and their wet ability with aluminum, interfacial bonding between matrix material and reinforcement and microstructure exist in composite. This paper discusses all responsible factors which affect the properties of aluminum metal matrix composite.

Trickle bed reactors are widely used in chemical industries. Trickle bed reactor implies a reactor in which a liquid phase and a gas phase flow counter currently or co-currently downward or upward through a fixed bed of catalyst particles while reaction takes place. These reactors are widely used in chemical industries like petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals etc. A lot of research has been done to measure their average hydrodynamic parameters but there is very less development in the field of measurement of local hydrodynamic parameters, which is very important to understand what is really happening inside the reactor and to design it more efficiently. Investigations are aimed at developing an optical fibre probe setup which may measure the local hydrodynamic parameters of these reactors.

In the recent trends in application of renewable energy sources, integrated solar chimney wind power plant has been designed with different geometrical parameter for increase the accessibility of solar and wind energy due to increasing the rate of environmental pollution and lake of non- renewable energy resources. A solar chimney wind power plant (SCWPP) is a type of solar thermal system that use the thermal energy generated by solar and convert it into the electrical energy. In the recent few years there are many researcher have exposed strongest attention for exploration the performances of solar chimney wind power plant due to its economic, environmental and huge potential application. There are different geometrical parameters and operating conditions like chimney height, collector radius, throat radius, solar radiation, wind velocity, solar absorption coefficient, solar loss coefficient, chimney shapes which are play vital role for optimize the performances of solar chimney wind power plant. In this numerical investigation a computational model of Manzanares pilot solar chimney win power plant, Spain has been created with help of commercially availableness 14.5 software. The temperature, velocity, pressure and vector distribution were plotted and evaluated for examine the influence of chimney height, collector radius, throat radius, solar radiation, solar absorption coefficient, solar loss coefficient, and collector percentage and fraction factor on the performance of solar chimney wind power plant when other parameters are constant. The obtained result is illustrated that, the power of SCWPP has enhances as increases the chimney height, collector radius, collector percentage and solar absorption coefficient but throat radius and solar loss coefficient it gives inversely effect on the power. It has been also illustrated that the throat radius gives more effect on the power of SCWPP while the effect of collector percentage on power negligible. This study is also suggested a solar chimney wind power plant at chimney height 24.4 m with collector radius 38. 92 m and throat radius 0.7m,collector absorption coefficient 0.66 and collector loss coefficient 15it gives approximately 5.4 KW power output at Indian operating conditions means ambient temperature should be 303.15 K and solar radiation is 1000W/m2. From the study it can also revealed that for further improvement in power increase the solar absorption coefficient and reduce the solar loss coefficient in same working condition.

Human comfort in conditioned spaces is the prime objective of air conditioning system design engineer. Air distribution in the conditioned spaces affects the human comfort. Several researchers have examined this human comfort in the conditioned spaces for various parameters of air conditioning and proposed the modifications in the system design and operation. Several new technologies have also been proposed by the researchers for it. Research is also reported in literature for the scope of energy savings through alternative technology of air distribution. It is this objective of the present work to simulate the indoor temperature distribution in a typical conditioned room in which air is supplied at a particular typical value of temperature and velocity most commonly used in practice through three case of supply air vent location. For this analysis numerical technique widely used by the researchers in present time, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used. The geometrical model is prepared is prepared in GAMBIT and Fluent is used for analysis purpose. The results are presented in the form of temperature and velocity contours in the room at three planes taken in the conditioned space. Vertical temperature and velocity distribution is shown with the help of plots at various location of the room. For comparison purpose the temperature and velocity plots have been compared for the three different cases of location of supply air vent

Computer-based design analysis is nowadays a common activity in most development projects. When new software and manufacturing processes are introduced, traditional empirical knowledge is unavailable and considerable effort is required to find starting design concepts. This forces gear designers to go beyond the traditional standards-based design methods. The transformation has had a vast influence on gear manufacturing as well, providing process improvements that lead to higher gear quality and lower manufacturing costs. However, in the case of the gear industry, the critical process of Generation and Simulation of Meshing and Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) of Spiral bevel gears for improved performance remains relatively unchanged.

This paper presents the theory, design and simulation of a controller based on fuzzy logic artificial intelligence techniques used for the speed control of three-phase induction motor. The motor model is designed and membership functions are chosen according to the parameters of the motor model. This technique adjusts the speed of the motor by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the stator voltage, keeping the ratio V/f constant. The simulations have been done by Simulink Toolbox in Matlab and the results are interesting considering the presence of non-linearity in the IM model. Torque-speed response of the proposed control system is investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the FLC is better than that of the conventional one. When fuzzy logic based intelligent controller is used instead of the PI controller, excellent performance can be achieved even in the presence of parameter variations and non-linearity. The proposed FLC requiring less circuitry can control speed with fast response and good stability. Fuzzy logic technique is a replacement of the conventional method in the machine control applications for efficient control. The fuzzy logic has advantages compared to conventional methods such as simplicity of control, low cost, and the possibility to control without knowing the exact mathematical model of plant The main advantage of using fuzzy logic controller is that, without having deep knowledge of the induction motor, it is easier to design a well-performing speed control system.

This paper proposes the framework of Executive Performance Management System in SAIL. The framework relates to online Performance management process at executive level. With the help of performance management System Employees are able to know their concrete and tangible particulars about their work and assessment of their performance .This paper is also designed to explore the loopholes of old appraisal system and improvisation in the new Management system.

This paper aims to explain the theoretical exposure of Global reporting Initiative as a standardised sustainability protocol which is world widely accepted by companies. Corporate sustainability reporting is becoming very popular now days but in India it is at sprouting stage. But earlier researches prove that its importance is growing year after year. As far as Indian scenario is concerned there is only limited number of companies which are showcasing their sustainability plans and performance to the various stakeholders. Indian corporations are following Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines to prepare the sustainability reports. Furthermore, the current study tries to find out that GRI guidelines set as a good basis for the sustainability reporting. In India, the Sustainability Reporting Initiative was started in 2001 but it has shown a very slow progress. The paper expounds the GRI reporting guidelines so as to apply CSR principles, and explains the key elements of the economic, environmental, social, society, and Governance issues. The paper aims to provide general level information on corporate responsibility reporting and sustainability initiatives by National Voluntary Guidelines for India Industries from CSR to Responsible Business and Business Responsibility Report by SEBI. The aim of present study is to show the analysis of famous sustainability reporting framework GRI. The theoretical part is constructed and explained by thorough research of available literature on the topic, therefore the paper uses qualitative research methods as research methodology.

In Cryptography, when the data is converted in other form, some methods are required to convert the data. This method is using encryption and decryption technique and the converted data is called cipher text. In this paper, three methods of cipher are discussed with solution. The understanding of decryption techniques such as functional analysis, security attack and classical cipher attack has studied and also focused on how these techniques work and how they differ with each other. The study shows the cipher techniques are safe but time consuming as compared to other encryption and decryption techniques.

The Assam Gramin Vikas Bank (AGVB) and the Meghalaya Rural Bank (MRB) are currently functioning in the State of Assam and Meghalaya. Over all the motto of both the Banks are similar as per the working guidelines of the Regional Rural Banks in India. As the two states are nearby states and therefore in the current study it is tried to see the working position of the AGVB and the MRB. For the study purpose available data have been collected from period 2007 to 2016, and necessary calculations are made to see the comparative picture of both the Banks. In the study important areas compared for the study are branch network, employees’ strength, per branch & employee income and expenditure etc. The calculated value of the various parameters taken for the study of both the Banks are put in the various tables so that the picture of the comparison can be easily grasped.

Earning more and more profits is a natural phenomenon of every business unit. The first and foremost goal of any business enterprise is to maximize the returns with minimal investment. Parallel to it the enterprises have social obligations to fulfill as they draw maximum resources from the society itself. CSR has become one of the catchphrases of new millennium across the world and the corporate as well as government must take care of it. Today, Government has also come as an initiative to control those business activities which makes a harmful effect on the society. The government suggested time to time to the business units that the corporate should enact a framework related to CSR i.e. its areas, investment, activities etc. and include them in the vision, mission and strategic planning. The present study is a critical analysis of various research papers publsihed on the studies related to CSR activities and its various impacts on society. The nature of data used for this is purely from library research. The study has shown that over the last years an increasing number of companies worldwide started promoting their business through CSR strategies because the customers, the public and the investors expect them to act sustainable and responsible. The government also suggests to the business units that the corporate should enact a framework related to CSR and include them in their vision, mission and strategic planning. CSR initiatives, if being implemented by all the corporations for rural development will have a positive impact in overall development of the society and their business.

Data User has in India grown 109% in year 2016 when compared to year 2014 and in year 2017 this is further expected to grow more than 40%.There are various predictions across telecom industry when we try to discuss the reason of such overblown growth year on year. Few people say this is a result of paradigm shift of customers from traditional 2G to 3G and further 4G technology while some people says this is been contributed by the abundance of App based way of working where people migrating their traditional voice usage to data usage. Also there are few theories also confirm about how rural and urban gap is narrowed and various factors like telecom/internet connectivity, increased literacy level, increased virtual social life etc. These theories explain ushow all these factors impact customer’s mobile behaviourbut in this paper will discuss on changes in mobile phone use and its impact on customer telecom behaviour.

Today Hacking has been one of the common practices made by the computer expert in order to try and find vulnerabilities in a network infrastructure. In this paper I have mentioned types of Hackers and types of technique used by them. The word “hacking” has two definitions. The first definition refers to the hobby/profession of working with computers. The second definition refers to modifies computer hardware or software in a way that changes the creator’s original intent. Traditionally, a Hacker is someone who likes to play with Software or Electronic Systems. Hackers enjoy exploring and learning how computer systems operate. They love discovering new ways to work electronically. Recently, Hacker has taken on a new meaning that someone who finds weaknesses in a computer or computer network, though the term can also refer to someone with advanced understanding of computers and computer networks. Finanly I recommend that hacking is the skill miracle so everyone want to become hacker but please used this skill to destroy the crime from society but not to become a criminal.

GPS is one of the most fantastic utilities ever discovered by man. The Global Positioning System GPS is a satellite based Navigation System made up of at least 24 satellites that are eleven thousand nautical miles in space and in six different orbital parts. The satellites are constantly moving to complete orbits around the earth in just under24 hours. GPS works in any weather conditions anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day, with no subscription fees or setup charges. The US Department of Defense (USDOD) originally put the satellite into orbit for military use, but they were made available for civilian use in the 1980s. [www.ja-gps.com.au/what-isgps] by Johny.

India has the third largest military in the world and is the sixth biggest defence spender. India is also one of the largest importers of conventional defence equipment and spends around 30% of its total defense budget on capital acquisitions. 60% of defence related requirements are currently met through imports. The ‘Make in India’ initiative by the Government is focusing its efforts on increasing indigenous defence manufacturing and becoming self-reliant. The opening up of the defence sector for private sector participation is helping foreign original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) enter into strategic partnerships with Indian companies and leverage opportunities in the domestic market as well as global markets. In this study we found that defense manufacturing played a very important role in the field of defense sector and also helps to build India a strong nation. This paper is based on secondary data it was taken from various sources.

Traffic Grooming has become a very important issue on optical Network, as optical networks provide a very high speed data transmission for huge amount of data. A Sparse grooming Network with only a fractional of noes having grooming functionalities may achieve the same performance as the one in which all the nodes are grooming, but with much lower cost. In literature different algorithms, models and techniques have been proposed to design the sparse grooming networks. With Proper assignment of routing and wavelengths in the network reduces the blocking probability ultimately increases the bandwidth of the network. In this paper, we studied and analyzed the different sparse traffic grooming and RWA assignment strategies with its performance metrics for optical mesh networks.

In this paper, firstly we have used CATIA V5 R20 software to design parts and developed the model of Radial Drilling Machine and assembled it. Then we did simulation of the model to check the functions of various parts. Later, we have designed the drill bit in CATIA and did analysis of drill bit in ANSYS. In present analysis we have taken three different rake and relief angles to find out the variation in values of total deformation and equivalent stresses for the applied moment. We have done meshing and give boundary conditions for proper result. The purpose of our project is to design such a drill bit which can withstand for long time and give high accurate result and increases productivity.

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy as it provides livelihood to 70 % of our population. It is, therefore, very essential that all out effort is made for rural development through increased production, productivity and proper post harvest care for farm produce which supply us food and raw material for different agro-based industries. Suitable strategy should be developed for generating additional income and employment in rural areas so as to check migration of rural people to urban areas in search of jobs. One such pertinent strategy and perhaps the most important could be to provide additional income and employment to farmers by way of encouraging them to process their produce at rural level. Pulse milling at rural level is an important activity to achieve this goal.

The Tapti River flows in central India from East to West, between the Godavari and Narmada Rivers. The River is supposedly named after the goddess Tapti, the daughter of Surya Deva, the Sun God, who according to legend founded the kuru Dynasty when she married king samvarna. It inters East Nimar at a distance of 12mile (193Km). From the sources (Multai near Betul). A total of 94 species belonging to 90 genera and 41 families have been reported from near Tapti River at historical Shahi Qila fort in District Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Ethnotaxonomically most important families are Monocots-2(Liliaceae- 3 species and poaceae- 3 species) and dicots families – 37 (Apocynaceae- 4 species, Asclepidaceae – 2 species, Annonaceae – 1 species, Amaryllidaceae – 1 species, Asteraceae – 2 species, Arecaceae – 1 species, Amarnthaceae – 1 species, Acanthaceae – 1 species, Anacardaceae – 1 species, Caesalpinoideae – 5 species, Casurinaceae – 1 species, Cactaceae – 1species, Convolvulaceae -2 species, Combretaceae – 1species, Cruciferae- 1 species, Caricaceae – 1 species, Cupressaceae -1 species, Cannaceae-1 species, Euphorbiaceae-8 species, Labiatae-2 species, lamiaceae-1 species, Lythraceae-1 species, Leguminosae-1 species, Mimosodeae-3 species, Myrtaceae-3 species, Malvaceae-2 species, Nymphiceae-2species, Orchidaceae-1 species, Moraceae-2 species, papilionaceae-2 species, Moringaceae-1 species, Rhanaceae-1 species, Solanaceae-5 species, Umbelliferae-1 species, Verbenaceae-2 species, Malphigaceae-2 species, Magnoliaceae-1 species, Zygophyllaceae-1 species,Piperaceae-1species etc.) (see images of Ethnotaxanomic flora 1-9 4 , Table no. 1-2 & Graph no.1) Tapti River is under increasing pressure due to drought, erosion and over exploitation, pollution, enchroachment by human activity. The above factors have causes reduction in number of Ethnotaxanomical species as well as wetland area. So these area need conservation of aquatic and wetland species, because wetland is the are which supports aquatic, amphibians and terrestrial life forms. Present study signifies Ethnotaxanomical importance of the plants species occur near Tapti River at historical Shahi Qila fort in district Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

The colour shade net approach aims at combining physical protection to the crop wtih modifications in spectro radiometric properties inside the net house which in turn promotes desired physiological responses. The experimental investigations indicated that under clear sunny and cloudy conditions the radiometric properties depends mostly on both net porosity and its’ colour. Net reflectance strongly depends on net colour. Transmittance and absorption of electromagnetic spectrum by a particular net primarily depends on colour and secondarily on porosity. Since the nets are composed of holes, in addition to the translucent-photo-selective plastic threads, they actually create mixtures of natural, unmodified light, which is passing through the holes, together with the diffused, spectrally modified light, which is emitted by the photo-selective threads. This changes in electromagnetic spectrum helps in enhancing the crop performance under a particular colour of a net. In this paper a comprehensive review of research work carried out on influence of shade net colour on vegetable production are being presented and the recommendation of a particular colour net for a particular crop is are being presented.

Phytoremediation a green technology consists of process phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatifization, phytodegradation with increasing industrialization mining pesticides sewage disposal, heavy metal deposition and other contaminants are added in water and soil through human activities. These interfere with the metabolic functions of plants, inhibition phytosynthesis, respiration, crop yield, sometimes intracellular compartments of cell. Mining include crushing, grinding, washing, smelting. There are biologically active chemical constituents in plants. Catachins, Isoflavones, Isothiocyanate, Indoles, Caffeic acid, Apigenin, Lignins, Reveratrol etc which are helpful in certain diseases like arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular problems, acute respiratory damages etc.

Presently researchers show lot interest in microarray gene expression dataset. Recently huge library of biological information mining algorithm has been developed for the analytical evaluation of gene expression. Mining microarray gene expression is an imperative subject in bioinformatics in diagnosis of disease. This research paper analyzes how microarray data sets are used to predict the various diseases that spread through gene. The paper mainly focuses on prediction of heart disease, obesity and diabetes. These are the diseases that are deadly in nature.

In this paper, we review CMOS LC Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCO) for wireless multi-standard transceivers and wireless communications. The main parameters, such as power dissipation, Tuning range, phase noise, carrier frequency, supply voltage figure of merit (FOMt) were reviewed.

Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed and is known for causing a series of problems for aquatic life. If targeted properly, it can act as an extremely important alternative source of organic material for production of nutrient enriched organic manures by composting process. Water hyacinth has remarkable nutritive properties which not only result in healthy aquatic system but also add manure in the soil for sustainable productivity. Composting refers to the conversion of organic waste into organic manure. Composting is the biological decomposition and stabilization of organisms under condition that allows development of the thermophilic temperature as a result of biologically produced heat, with a final product sufficiently stable for storage and application to field without any adverse environmental effect .Keeping the above in mind the an experiment was conducted at the farm of Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal (geographical location 23° 18" N latitude, 77° 24" E longitude, altitude 485 m amsl). Water hyacinth collected from Kaliasot river passing by Danish Kunj Bhopal and Cow dung as a raw material from Lamba Kheda village near IISS, Bhopal. Rock phosphate, lime and urea amendment, arranged from Soil Biology Division, IISS, and Bhopal for production of different types of enriched composts prepared from water hyacinth. Result of the study revealed that water hyacinth has remarkable nutritive properties that can be used for the production of nutrient enriched compost which not only result in healthy aquatic system but control act as soil amendment& Different enriched composts from water hyacinth viz; phospho compost, phospho compost with lime, phospho nitro compost, phospho sulpho nitro compost, vermicompost and microbial enriched composts. Among these composts, the highest percentage of N was evaluated in phospho nitro compost and phospho compost. The highest percentage of P and K were also recorded in phospho sulpho nitro compost (P 0.89and K 1.04) and the lowest percentage of P and K being recorded in control (P 0.56 and K 1.02).

The studies on the varieties of glasses have been carried out to understand the strength of various types of the glasses available in our country. The naturally occurring glass do not have a high hardness and good quality, generally it breaks, when the variety of compression force/ tensile force, or couple shear forces are active on these glasses. The verities of glasses are available as per the utility of glasses, the manufacturer have as per their own requirement with different composition. In this paper variety of glasses has been discussed with composition and qualities.

The proposed innovation is based on providing atomized water directly to Combustion Chamber. This will eliminate the drawback of Plug getting short. The system will use high voltage to get active hydrogen from H2o and Khandkes Non-Return Valve for Perfect Combustion. Exhaust gases is just a water steam. So catholic convertor is not required, as there is no pollution (Environment Friendly Cycle is maintained)

AISECT University is the first university in private sector in Madhya Pradesh which focused on research, practical exposure and skill development in higher education. One of the initiatives taken was the creation of a Centre for Renewable Energy (CRE) in the university which is developing various training facilities and also making efforts towards a greener campus. An Energy Park is a part of CRE which will have many working demonstration models of energy generation, management and conservation. What sets this Energy Park apart from similar other set-ups is the fact that this is being developed using university's own resources with lot of innovative ideas. A full working model of Hydro Electric Power Plant has been developed for the Energy Park using waste material/scrap (kabad). This model is the first of its kind which depicts full working of a Hydro Power Plant providing conceptual knowledge to actual working and motivating students for research & innovation.

Technology is changing to embrace the cloud. Cloud Computing is simply sharing computing resources that are available through a service provider. Those resources can be storage space, use of software applications or servers. You buy more if you need more resources; you give back resources that you no longer need. Cloud computing infrastructure enables companies to cut costs; by outsourcing computations on-demand. However, clients of cloud computing services currently have no means of vering the confidentiality & integrity of their data and computation. The paper tableaux a Publish-Subscribe model to balance the real and perceived risks with the value of adopting a cloud solution that improves the security of data over the cloud. Keywords: technology, cloud computing, confidentiality, integrity, publish, subscribe.

Solar power is very curious subject flaming all over world in all sectors from space station to agro-irrigation because of unlimited availability of free solar radiation without proprietorships and non-judicial! Concerning to use of solar power in micro irrigation sector is in primeval stage because of lack of unawareness on design aspects and exceptional types of electro-mechanical machines to pressurized micro irrigation system. In broad-spectrum micro irrigation is a pressurized irrigation system requires electrical/gasoline powered centrifugal pump-set to generate unswervingly pressure for irrigation of crops mainly for 16-20 hours to meet the crop demand on daily basis. Means, while irrigating the crops for 16-20 hours on daily basis, recurring cost of electricity or fuel becomes enormous resulting in non-sustainability and viability of agri-irrigation projects. That's the reason in many parts in the world agriculture is diminishing and agriculture land is turning to desertification. Second hot issue is shortage of power! Demand vs supply ratio of power is so truncated every year, that none of the Government is enduring to overcome this ratio in future in spite of allocation of huge funds. UN report says that there is a deficit of 21-85% electricity in many countries and increasing @ 7-15 % every year. Hence, more thrust is given to alternative renewable and sustainable source of energy i.e. Solar Power! Although, solar radiation is freely available, it has limitation and is not so cost effective to afford & reliable to everyone. Countries positioned across the equator have wide scope of harvesting maximum solar power 350 water?. Potential of solar energy decreases while proceeding towards north-south poles @ 3 to 5 % per degree of latitude. However, solar energy harvesting is dependent on temperature, relative humidity, clouds, latitude, longitude and obstructions at the particular location. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire the climatic data from nearest meteorological station. Base on meteorological data, potential of solar energy harvested can be estimated for design purpose along with solar module and allied equipment. Since solar radiation is available in a day time for generation of power, the entire irrigation to crops has to be concluded in a day time most preferably. Obviously all the design calculation is based on the fluctuation of solar radiation from morning to evening and season to season to meet the crop water demand. The concern article throws light on fundamental of solar energy and design principles & considerations and its usefulness micro irrigation system.

Green light for safety, fuel saving, pollution control and motion indicator in automobiles is a novel innovative idea being propagated by the author. The Introduction of green light at rear end of the vehicles will give us the information about the motion of the vehicle in traffic on road and will also increase the life of gear, clutch plate and engine thus giving high fuel efficiency. It will provide safety to all vehicles on road. It will minimize pollution on road. Thus, GREEN LIGHT will prove a boon to Indian automobile industry and world too. The concept has been tested on Indian roads and yielded excellent results.

Chamravattam regulator cum bridge is the largest road bridge in Kerala, which was constructed in the form of a barrage to store the water in Bharathapuzha River. Within a short span of time after construction, a large amount of seepage was observed beneath the structure. This project aims to study about the seepage problem of Chamravattam regulator cum bridge. The study was conducted with the help of 2D Finite element model, Geo-slope. Using the model the quantity of seepage, exit gradient and uplift pressure distribution in different cross sections were found. The check for resistance to the uplift and piping phenomenon was done in the cross-section where the seepage flow was found maximum. The obtained results were compared with the existing site conditions. The possible reasons for seepage problems were found.

India is rapidly growing country in the world. Since Independence, India has made a positive attempt to improve the status of people in our country by introducing various policies and programmes at social sectors. The Health sector is also one of the important sectors which will come under social sector. There is a responsibility of the government that to maintain the health status of its citizen and also provide a good health facilities to all. In various five years plans, Govt. has given high priorities for public health facilities providing special allocations in the budget. Now a days the issue of public expenditure took vital important, especially in the health sector. It also impact on the per capita income of the nation and progress of the country. Still there is a lack of facilities in health sector including poor infrastructure facilities; lack of doctors, medicines, lack of advanced technology, motivation etc. These are all effects on the progress of the country. Hence, presently India took it as a challenge and made a positive attempt to create a globalized health standard in the country. It can create a number of job opportunities, business opportunities to attract the foreign investment and mainly to improve the health status of all people especially focused on rural people. This paper is deals with the public health expenditure in India.

Education is of several types and patterns. There is for example, the arts education, the scientific education, the religious education, the physical education. In India, as in other countries, much stress has been laid on the promotion of technical education since the attainment of independence. India's economic ills are sought to be overcome through a process of Industrialization for which, in turn, technical education is very essential. In other words, technical education is a vital prelude to India's property. The scope if technical education is very comprehensive. It incorporates within itself all subjects if study in engineering and technology. Civil engineering, Mechanical engineering, Electrical engineering, Mining engineering, Aeronautical engineering, Metallurgical engineering, Industrial engineering, Chemical engineering, Agricultural engineering, Production engineering, and a host of other fields of engineering form part of technical education. "Quality in technical education is a complex concept that has eluded clear definition. There are a variety of stakeholders in higher education including students, employers, teaching and non-teaching staff government and its funding agencies, accreditors, valuators', auditors, and assessors (including professional bodies).Each of these stakeholders has a different view on quality, influenced by his or her own interest in higher education. For example, to the committed scholar, the quality of higher education is its ability to produce a steady flow of people with high intelligence and commitment to learning that will continue the process of transmission and advancement of knowledge. To the government, a high quality system is one that produces trained scientists, engineers, and architects, doctors and so on in numbers judged to be required by society. The present work enlightens same path, so as to fulfill the demands of market and to improve quality of education in the present work some quality tools such as LINEAR PROGRAMMING, TQM, QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT, with chi square testing and mat lab, have been used. Basic primary tool used is LPP which helps in converting demand of customer to action. It helps in understanding unspoken needs of customer which are desperately needed to be fulfilled. In this improvement work main focus was on improvement of labs and teaching staff, for maintenance of labs & improvement in teaching, use of quality circle is stressed with concept of TPM and Kaizen approach. Most interesting thing if using these tools was that they helped in achievement if desired target without much added resource, only refinement of procedure; moreover maintenance helps in gaining knowledge with saving extra expenditure. This also helps in up gradation (I quality products which satisfies external customer.

This paper proposes a technique that can kill two birds with one stone: It will put an end to the menace of non-biodegradable plastic wastes and discarded tyres which host dengue- and malaria-causing mosquitoes; and it will do so by recycling the plastic and tyres by breaking them into smaller molecules transforming them into usable fuel for industrial boilers and furnaces besides in generating electricity. The proposal is for setting up plastic and discarded tyres recycling units which uses a technique called pyrolysis. The term Pyrolysis has its genesis in the Greek word 'pyro' meaning Iire" and lysis' meaning "separating". The thermal cracking or pyrolysis degrades the polymeric or plastic materials by heating them in the absence of oxygen at temperatures ranging from 450-600 degree Celsius.

Performance Appraisal is the important aspect in the organization to evaluate the employee's performance. It helps in understanding the employee work culture, involvement, and satisfaction. It helps the organization in deciding employee's promotion, transfer, incentive and pay increases. A Performance Appraisal is the final stage of the performance, management process (AMP). The entire process of performance management involves round the year association between supervisors and subordinates through stages of planning, coaching and evaluation of the performance at work This research paper highlights the fact that by stressing effective performance management as a key tool of communication and motivation within organizations provides a competitive edge through strategic change and control. Developing external relationship, communicating this idea to employees and evaluating their commitment levels through structured parameters will help in achieving organizational objectives.

The International Conference on Water, Environment, Energy, and Society-2016 (IC-WEES-16) was held on March 15-18, 2016, at AISECT University, Bhopal, M.P., India. A & M Texas University USA, ICEWaRM Australia and IETE Austria were Coorganisors/Collaborators of this conference. The primary objective of the conference was fourfold: (1) To emphasize the significance of water-environment-energy nexus for the well-being of society; (2) to bring engineers, scientists, policy makers, decision makers, administrators, economists, environmentalists, and social scientists together to discuss the role each has to play in social development; (3) to emphasize the participation of stakeholders and users-in decision making; and (4) to discuss the latest developments in science and technology and their applications in the water, environment and energy areas.

The beam house operations in tanning process of hides / skins comprises of soaking, liming, fleshing and deliming operations. The removal of animal hair and flesh from skin is facilitated by the liming operation. About 5m3/ton wastewater containing a credible concentration of sulphide and dissolved proteins are discharged.lt is highly alkaline and having high BOD/COD ratio. The biological treatment of wastewater that occurs at neutral pH requires neutralization of the wastewater using acidic stream. This results in the emission of hydrogen sulphide which is considered to be highly toxic gas. The present investigation employed Heterogeneous Peroxide oxidation process(HP0) for the oxidation of sulphide in the lime sulphide liquor without sludge production with simultaneous removal of COD from wastewater. The screened effluent was adjusted to pH 9.7 using conc. Sulphuric acid and it is catalytically oxidized with Hydrogen peroxide 3.921mM/L and Nano Porous Activated Carbon (NPAC),30 g/1, at HRT 24 hr. The dosage of Hydrogen peroxide, mass of NPAC and HRT were optimized The integrated catalytic and biological oxidation in FICCO (Fluidized Immobilized Carbon Catalytic Oxidation) reactor eliminated COD, sulfide, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, protein, Amino acids and Total organic compound by 66.66%, 98.95%,75.67%,44.21%, 48.98% and 62.18% respectively. The sulphide present in the wastewater was catalytically oxidized to sulphate and ammonia content was increased by 78.05% by cleaving protein molecules.

Molluscs species of three reservoirs Panshet, Khadakwasla and Ujjani reservoirs were studied. Good number of molluscs species were found in Ujjani reservoir comparatively. A Physicochmical study of three reservoirs was related with the abundance of molluscs. Presence of molluscs were due to alkaline nature, more calcium content and salts with high BOD ,COD Nutrients, plant population of Ujjani reservoir located in downstream which had relatively more dissolved salts than Panshet and Khadakwasla reservoir located in the upstream with less human pressures showed less number of molluscs.

This work presents a novel approach for topology analysis in Optical WDM Network The idea is to make a system in which different topologies can be analyzed. The need for this type of approach is to improve the performances of the Optical WDM Networks, as time goes performance of these networks degrades, due to arrival of new applications.

Association rule mining is important tool for data analysis. The associations rule mining technique finds the relation between two different attributes on the basis of support and confidence value. The association rule mining technique gives two algorithms for analysis of data, one is memory based and the other is memory independent. The memory based algorithm is well known algorithm called apriori algorithm and memory impendent algorithm is called FP-growth algorithm. The rough set based rule generation technique is a new approach for classification. In this technique rough set generates a number of rules, these generated rules design the class builder and finally data are classified. The rough set based classification technique reduces the number of attributes during the classification process. For the optimization and better prediction of classification gravitational search optimization technique in combination of rough set theory is used This paper discusses the rough set theory, rule generation algorithm and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), proposed algorithm and proposed model for the classification process.

This research paper presenting the experimental investigations on the effect of metallic inclusions on a dielectric substrate for tailoring the properties of met materials and a dual band micro strip patch antenna along with the met material structure that is proposed at a height of 3.3 mm from the ground plane, which consists of a geometry incorporated with a special arrangement that is c fashioned arrangement Actually this research paper principally paying attention on going up the probable parameters of high gain broadband microstrip patch antennas and analyzing the dual band procedure of the proposed antenna. dielectric properties of samples are measured with dissimilar metallic inclusions and the outcome are compared with and without inclusions. The proposed antenna is designed to resonate frequency at 2.488 GHz and 2.920 GHz frequency and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is at 2.488 GHz along with the proposed met material structure is improved with 20.5 MHz frequency and return loss is reduced by the 20.138 dB. At 2.920 GHz frequency the impedance bandwidth is improved by 25.5 MHz and return loss is reduced by 19.574 dB. For verifying that the proposed met material structure possesses the designs of several samples leading negative valves of Permittivity and Permeability within the operating frequency ranges presented along with their experimental results.

This paper aims to study the cost efficiency of public hospitals in the State of Andhra Pradesh (before bifurcation). For this purpose 12 district hospitals were selected from different regions of Andhra Pradesh state and their common Decision Making Units (DMUs) identified. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) econometric tool has been used to measure the efficiency and the best performing hospitals have been ranked The data was collected from Andhra Pradesh Vaidya Vidhana Parishad (APVVP) for five years. The analysis is done by classifying the data into Input, Output and Explanatory variables. The results show that few hospitals are ranked high due to consistent performance and other hospitals who scored less are law performing hospitals during the period of study.

In order to deal with disaster effectively, it is very important to identify the disaster scale and provide the accurate information about the site of disaster in real time. Sharing information on disaster situation helps to control and prevent the causalities during disaster. The Internet is a necessary tool to share the vital information about the disaster. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (loT) based disaster alert system which can also be used to monitor the environmental conditions based on air, noise, temperature and humidity parameters. The system was successfully tested at Simhasth-2016 at Wain.

The main aim of this paper is a determine to reduce emission characteristic for gas turbine combustion. In semi empirical method of annular combustor design, there is a prediction for emission products (like nitrogen dioxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), smoke and residents) etc. To calculate the amount of emissions for flight operating conditions and landing takeoff condition where high radiation (NOx) occurred. In lean premix staged combustion, fuel and oxidizer (air) mixed before combustion at primary zone and it’s entirely different from diffusion flame combustion because combustion takes place simultaneously mixing of fuel and oxidizer (air). So lean premixed staged combustion process is the best way to reduce emission to minimize equivalence ratio of primary zone of annular combustor, so that its control the emission. In this method, we control emission through reduce specific fuel consumption (SFC) at landing and takeoff cycle (LTO cycle) and fuel-air ratio compare with stoichiometric equation of fuel and oxidizer (air). The engine thermodynamic state is mainly determined by the thrust demand of the aircraft, the ambient conditions and different flight missions have to be considered. Therefore a flight performance module is presented by using the technique of lean premix combustion to control the emission and to improve the performance of engine SFC.

The hundreds of millions of people in India live in villages in abysmal condition without basic amenities like electricity, sanitation facility, drinking water and cooking gas. According to the Census of India Report 2011: 64 percent of rural population of our country uses firewood, 13 percent crop residue and 12.8 percent use cow dung for cooking and 56 percent of our rural population uses kerosene for lighting. One of the main causes of lack of progress in rural areas is the inadequate and unreliable electricity supply and modern energy services.

Owing to financial constraints, lack of job security and limitation in facilities, teaching job in private or self-financed institutions is not being a preferred option by the job seekers willing to enter into academic profession. Even then, most of the people engaged in teaching profession are attached with the private institutions producing 90% of graduates in engineering and management.

Nuclear energy can light up the country by providing electricity. But also be used in a variety of other field including health care to prevent, diagnose and treat disease. Application of radioisotopes (RI) in health care constitutes one of the most important peaceful uses of atomic energy. Today, over 8,00,000 patient investigations are carried out annually in India spanning over 500 centers using radiopharmaceuticals. As far as radiation therapy is concerned, there are more than 300 radionuclides therapy units operating in over 220 radiotherapy centers in India.

Production of radioisotopes in India started way back in 1956 with commissioning of 1 MW research reactor named as APSARA. The production capability was augmented in 1963 when 40 MW CIRUS reactor attained its full rated capacity. During the early seventies, a strong need was felt for building another research reactor with higher neutron flux to meet the growing demand of radioisotopes.

High energy electrons from accelerators-both focused and scanned have been utilized for a number of applications in the fields of medicine, engineering, industry, environmental protection and research. Focused electron beams and bremsstrahlung x-rays are employed mainly in radiotherapy and industrial engineering applications. Scanned beams up to 10 MeV are utilized extensively for irradiating materials on large scale in industry, called as EB processing. High voltage linear accelerators like Cockroft-walton generators, Dynamitron etc. (DC machines) and RF linacs are beneficially used for these applications suitable in terms of robust design, cost and beam characteristics. The associated equipment and irradiation geometry are normally chosen specific to the application. Presently, processing of materials using high energy electron accelerators (200keV-10MeV) constitutes the largest commercial radiation application in the industry. World over, there are over 2000 accelerators operating in the wire/cable, heat shrinkable, surface curing and other related industries. These industrial type accelerators have the ability to deliver high doses at dose rates of the order of 10 kGy s-1 (1010 - 1012 Gy s-1 in case of pulse accelerators) as compared to few Gy/s for 60Co gamma irradiators. They can be operated continuously for 24 hours/day and have been in use for on-line processing of wires & cables, films, tyres etc. With the availability of high energy pulse accelerators (5-10MeV) operating at power range of 10-100 kW, coupled with x-ray generation systems, sterilization of medical products has become competitive to present 60Co gamma sterilization.

The medical cyclotron facility (MCF) installed at RMC, Parel, is used for producing positron emitting radioactive isotopes for clinical imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). The MCF was commissioned in October 2002, and dedicated to the nation by then Prime Minister of India.

Over the years BRIT has developed state of art technology for laboratory research irradiators which are suited most for carrying out research and development works in the fields of radiation processing. These equipment which house radioactive sources up to 14 kCi are having a number of features to meet users requirements. They are manufactured as per the national and International standards of safety codes. The paper deals with design, development and application aspects of laboratory research irradiator called Gamma Chamber and also the new security features planned for incorporation in the equipment. Equipment are being regularly manufactured, supplied and installed by BRIT in India & Abroad. There is a number of such equipment in use at different institutions and are found to be very useful.

Man is living with radioactivity and exposure to ionizing radiation and the usage of radioisotope or radiation for the benefit of mankind is on increase. There is understandably a high level of public interest in any ‘Nuclear/Radiation’ related news. On the other hand, timely availability of authentic / factual / credible information on the subject is limited. Due to this, there are several common misconceptions to the extent that any event immediately conjures up visions of deformed children, high cancer incidence, a Chernobyl type event or even a nuclear explosion like Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It is essential that any possible nuclear / radiation emergency especially in public domain is addressed in rational manner without any preconceived notion / bias. Due to the wide applications and usage of radioactive sources for the benefit of society, large number of radiological accidents (Goiania, Morocco, Mayapuri etc.) has occurred, world over, compared to a few nuclear accidents. The number of deaths reported due to radiological emergencies is many times higher compared to the total number of deaths (58) due to nuclear emergencies (Chernobyl& Fukushima). In the accident at Chernobyl reactor release of large quantity of radioactivity to the environment took place due to the errors in design, operating procedures and lack of adequate containment to retain the pressure build-up. In the accident at Fukushima nuclear plants, release of radioactivity to the environment took place due to the unexpectedly severe Tsunami waves (more than 14m high) affecting the required continuous cooling for the removal of decay heat in the reactor fuel of the reactor cores though they survived the large magnitude earthquake. Inspite of the release of large quantity of radioactivity into the environment, which generated fear on the possible health effects among the exposed persons, there are no indications of occurrence of fatal cancer or other deleterious effects to the member of public except few thyroid cancer cases due to the exposure to radioiodine releases.

Radiations and radioisotopes are used in agricultural research to induce genetic variability in crop plants to develop improved varieties, to manage insect pests, monitor fate and persistence of pesticides, to study fertilizer use efficiency and plant micronutrient uptake and also to preserve agricultural produce. Use of radiation and radioisotopes in agriculture is one of the most important fields of peaceful applications of atomic energy for societal benefit and BARC has contributed significantly in this area especially in the development of new mutant crop varieties. With an effective blend of induced mutagenesis along with recombination breeding 42 new crop varieties developed at BARC have been released and Gazette notified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for commercial cultivation. These include 21 in oilseeds (15-groundnut, 3-mustard, 2 soybeans, 1 sunflower), 19 in pulses (8-mungbean, 5-urdbean, 5-pigeonpea, 1-cowpea) and one each in rice and jute. Some of the desirable traits which have been bred through induced mutations in these crops include higher yield, improved quality traits, early maturity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Several of these varieties have high patronage from the farming community and are extensively grown across the country.

Radiation processing of food involves controlled application of energy from ionizing radiations such as gamma rays, electrons and X-rays on food to achieve desired objectives. Gamma rays and X-rays are short wavelength radiations of the electromagnetic spectrum. Approved sources of gamma radiation for food processing are radioisotopes (Cobalt-60 and Caesium-137), electron beam (up to 10 MeV) and X-rays (up to 5 MeV). Later two is generated by machines using electricity. Gamma radiation can penetrate deep into food materials and bring about desired effects. Irradiation works by disrupting the biological processes that lead to decay. In their interaction with water and other molecules that make up food and living organisms, radiation energy is absorbed by the molecules they contact. The interaction of radiation and radiolysis products of water with DNA impair reproducing capacity of microorganism and insects as well as the ability of underground vegetables such as potato and onion to sprout.

Insurance has long history in India. The insurance process has been developed to defend the interests of common man from ambiguity by giving some assistance. The insurance policy is more important. The insurance provides protection and defense against the loss on an exacting occasion. The insurance sector is divided in two parts life and general or non-life Life insurance deals with only human lives and non-life deals with other than human life. In 1818, a British company called Oriental Life Insurance setup the first insurance firm in India followed by the Bombay Assurance Company in 1823 and the Madras Equitable Life Insurance Society in 1829. The government created a specific Board to deal with promotion of FDI in India and to be the sole agency to handle matters related to FDI. Private insurance has able to obtained 13 per cent of the life insurance market and 14 per cent of non-life market within very short period of time. However, there is still an enormous demand of insurance in market. The objective of this paper is to study the growth and progress of insurance industry in India.

Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) is the recent approach to functional and anatomical imaging. The state-of-the-art PET-MRI scanners simultaneously acquire functional PET and anatomical or functional MRI data. As function and anatomy are not totally independent of one another the images to be reconstructed are likely to have shared structures. PET provides metabolic information and the MRI anatomic structure. Thus, the two modalities provide complimentary information, and it has greatly enhanced its clinical applications like imaging in oncology, neurology, and cardiology. This paper gives an overall understanding of PEP- MRI system.

In this paper the conceptual level in the development of algebra and related issues are discussed. The conceptual level and historical phases of development of algebra and their usage is illustrated with the help of examples. In particular, utilizing the concepts is also discussed with implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Compact heat exchangers are one of the most critical components of many cryogenic components; they are characterized by a high heat transfer surface area per unit volume of the exchanger. The heat exchangers having surface area density (β) greater than 700 m2/m3 in either one or more sides of two-stream or multi stream heat exchanger is called as a compact heat exchanger. Plate fin heat exchanger is a type of compact heat exchanger which is widely used in automobiles, cryogenics, space applications and chemical industries. The various performance parameters like effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop obtained through experiments is compared with the values obtained from the different correlations. The longitudinal heat conduction through walls decreases the heat exchanger effectiveness, especially of cryogenic heat exchangers, so the effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient is found out by considering the effect of longitudinal heat conduction.

There is a broad use of the term “paradigm” in Software Engineering. Concepts such as Structured paradigm, Cascade paradigm or Agent-oriented paradigm are very frequent in SE research proposals. The functional and scientific paradigm in SE is about the functional or engineering paradigm rather than scientific paradigm. Four possible perspectives and, in this context, the scientific perspective is intrinsic and hence very difficult to properly identify and describe. A discussion about the scientific paradigm in SE could help us to evaluate and improve the research practice in SE. A Programming Paradigm is simply a fundamental style of computer programming. It is like the blue print of a construction site. A programming paradigm provides some very basic concepts and patterns which various designers of programming languages adopt and implement.

The anti-phishing tool is said to be ideal, when it is giving accurate, timely result and conspicuously identify phishing websites that user visit. In this paper, popular anti-phishing filter tools are discussed with their functionality. The performance of the anti-phishing tools can varies on the source of URL used for testing method. A browser based anti-phishing system model is proposed to protect the user from phishing attack. In the proposed system, the Add-on tool sends the collected information to the main server which is again categorized in five assigned servers on their functionality. The outcome of the proposed system is showing around 96 percentage successful results after a series of experiments. The proposed system checks and gives the result for all accessed websites.

The current research attempts to analyze and compare the employability of the undergraduates and recent pass out engineering students across Madhya Pradesh with reference to the specific & generic skill level required in industry. The analysis is based on sample response from regional, national, global employers and engineering graduates’ respondents drawn from Bhopal, Jabalpur & Vidisha region of Madhya Pradesh. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey in which thirteen attributes of general skills and fourteen attributes of specific skills were measured; using five point scale based on their importance levels. The study intends to analyze and measure the levels of employability and the variation there in as per gender, type of institute (Government or private), medium of schooling & city, and the expected employability level of the employers. The sample from students studying in final year & recent pass out group reveals that the employability of engineering graduates of M.P. is lower than the score required in industry. This low level of employability is seen on account of both generic skills & specific skills. This indicates that despite of increase in numbers of engineering colleges & efforts to increase the employability, the engineering graduate lacks in employability skills. The findings suggests that engineering institutes, should focus to improve the skill set of graduates, focus on the assessments and curricula in analyzing and solving engineering problems, as well as increased creativity and interact more with Industries to understand the particular demand for skills in that region and sector. It can be further enriched with the involvement of Industry in academics. After classifying all skills by factor analysis, it is found that the soft skills are very important specifically the communication skill. The analysis also confirms that the male and female respondent does not differ significantly on account of employability. Tools used for analysis are reliability test, factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test, mean score, standard deviation, t-test analysis, ANOVA and other statistical tools. The result of analysis reveals the low level of employability skills among the engineering undergraduates & pass-outs of M.P.

“Of late, green transformation is often being talked about very vehemently. What better a way to achieve this transformation than by embracing the ‘intelligent buildings’ philosophy?” Green Computing is the practice of using computing resources efficiently in order to reduce e-waste and the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste.

Since the discovery of ionizing radiation (1895) and radioactivity (1896), atomic energy has practically established itself firmly all over the world. Its applications can be found in practically all parts of the globe and touches almost every aspect of human life. Today, it is helping the mankind in meeting the challenges of the ever-increasing demand for energy, food and water and is assisting them in their industrial growth, mitigation of global warming, healthcare and environmental issues. Although atomic energy and radiation technologies have contributed immensely to the growth and betterment of human life all across the world, they are always shrouded by undue fears and perceptions which do not have a scientific basis.

White LEDs are labelled as solid state semiconductor lighting, which will act as future generation lighting to replace conventional lamp and backlight due to the advantages of low power consumption, free of mercury, high response, no thermal radiation, long life time, high stability and so on. Currently available phosphor in the market mainly they are high correlated colour temperature, low Colour Rendering Index, synthesis process is difficult. Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes for indoor illumination need to be warm white (i.e., correlated colour temperature, 4000 K) with good colour rendition (i.e., colour rendering index 80). For the synthesis of new phosphor, the concept, as well as the methodology of using a mineral-inspired approach in combination with solution parallel synthesis (SPS) for exploration of new phosphors among Na/K, Sr (Ba)/SC silicate along with the artificial library, is reported. Moreover, the compositional tuning of the properties of extended solids through solid solution; sometimes referred to as the game of x and y, as, for example, in K1-xNaxSr1-yBayScSi2O7 is also demonstrated. Our expected out come to develop new phosphor using mineral inspired methodology for develop high luminous efficiency and CRI of the phosphor.

Urban population growth together with other pressures, such as climate change, create enormous challenges to provision of urban infrastructure services, including gas, electricity, transport, water, etc. Smart grid technology is viewed as the way forward to ensure that infrastructure networks are flexible, accessible, reliable and economical. “Intelligent water networks” take advantage of the latest information and communication technologies to gather and act on information to minimize waste and deliver more sustainable water services. The effective management of water distribution, urban drainage and sewerage infrastructure is likely to require increasingly sophisticated computational techniques to keep pace with the level of data that is collected from measurement instruments in the field. This paper describes two examples of intelligent systems developed to utilize this increasingly available real-time sensed information in the urban water environment. The first deals with the failure-management decision-support system for water distribution networks, NEPTUNE, that takes advantage of intelligent computational methods and tools applied to near real-time logger data providing pressures, flows and tank levels at selected points throughout the system. The second, called RAPIDS, deals with urban drainage systems and the utilization of rainfall data to predict Flooding of urban areas in near real-time. The two systems have the potential to provide early warning and scenario testing for decision makers within reasonable time, this being a key requirement of such systems. Computational methods that require hours or days to run will not be able to keep pace with fast-changing situations such as pipe bursts or manhole flooding and thus the systems developed are able to react in close to real time.

Generally heat transfer from fluid flowing to the stationary plate due to conduction process. After conduction further heat transfer will takes place that is due to convection process. Heat transfer will be reducing due to low thermal conductivity and due to relatively low air velocity. To overcome such type of a problem it is necessary to use artificial roughness to break laminar sub layer in order to reduce the thermal resistance and to increase the turbulence of flowing fluid result increase in heat transfer rate. In order to increase the heat transfer in solar air heater artificial roughness in spiral-pipe form are used. Inside the spiral pipes hot oil enforced to flow so it will create a further enhancement of heat transfer to the flowing air across the tubes. High frictional losses occur due to artificial roughness result high power required for the fluid flow. Turbulence results Due to artificial roughness which ultimately break the viscous laminar sub layer.

In many countries of the world, the use of solar thermal systems in the agricultural area to conserve vegetables, fruits, coffee and other crops has shown to be practical, economical and the responsible approach environmentally. Solar energy is freely available during day time, while it's not available in the night, which is the major drawback for such type of the systems. Developing efficient and inexpensive energy storage devices using through phase change materials (PCMs) in solar dryers, which can play an important role in energy conservation to fill the gap in between energy supply/demand and important as developing new sources of energy. Also the PCMs storage integrated with a solar dryer for drying of fruits and vegetable and other food products is found to be promising low cost option for preservations. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been taken to summarize the investigation of the solar drying system incorporating with PCMs for drying agricultural food products and also the development of the PCMs for these applications at NCEL, RGIPT, Rae Bareli, U.P., India.

The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal-storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering, and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. The present study includes the energy storage materials R & D efforts at NCEL, RGIPT through commercial grade fatty acids used as potential PCMs. The selected fatty acids were capric, stearic, palmitic, myristic and lauric acid with melting temperatures between 25–70°C and industrial-grade with 95–99% purity. Latent heat storage capacity and phase transition temperature of the PCMs were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) technique and showed that all developed materials at NCEL, have a low melting point which is very much essential for low temperature thermal application as well as with a good amount of latent heat of fusion which is also quite suitable and the most desired parameter to implement any kind of PCMs for the designing the system.

The cooperative caching is one of the most attractive schemes used in the area of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) to improve the data access performance. The cached data is shared between multiple mobile nodes which cooperatively manages the cached contents. The node mobility and unpredictable network partitioning creates additional overhead, latency and reduces data access ratios in the highly dynamic network environment. An efficient adaptive cache update protocol (ACUP) is proposed in this paper, which address the above problems effectively. A Rendezvous Region (RR) is adopted in the proposed work to exploit the cluster based approach that satisfies the data consistency requirements among partitioned network. A content server transmits data through cluster head nodes (H-Nodes) to local mobile nodes (L-Nodes) in a rendezvous region. The ACUP provides the consistency of cached data in L nodes by utilizing a Time-To-Live (TTL) threshold value. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme called Flexible Cache Consistency Maintenance (FCCM) in terms of reduced delay, control overheads and increased packet delivery ratio.

RuPay is an Indian domestic card scheme like Visa and MasterCard conceived and launched by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). NPCI is an institution driven by Reserve Bank of India(RBI) to support/drive all the retail payment systems in the country. NPCI was founded in 2008 under RBI with ten core promoter banks. It's mission is to fulfill RBI’s vision of having a domestic, open loop and multilateral system of payments in India. RuPay hopes to give banks new opportunities to operate in the card payments domain of India. The President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee on May 8, 2014 dedicates ‘RuPay’ to the nation. The core objective of the RuPay Payment scheme is to consolidate and integrate the multiple payments systems with varying service levels into nation-wide uniform and standard business process for all retail payment systems. With the introduction of the RuPay card India is one of the few countries to have developed a card system domestically. RuPay can be used at ATMs, at Points of Sale(PoS) or retail shops all over the country and for online shopping as well. It will offer immense convenience to Indian consumers.

Nanoparticles are known to have distinct properties than their bulk counterparts. Besides, metastable or even amorphous phases of bulk materials with new properties can be synthesized in nanosize form. Both the understanding of nanomaterials properties and the synthesis of new phases of nanomaterials can be undertaken with the help of the application of static high pressures. High pressure techniques allow a precise control of interatomic distances in materials which is an invaluable way to investigate many fundamental and unique properties of nanoparticles. Furthermore, studies of nanocrystals at high pressures can lead to the synthesis of new nanomaterials since many high-pressure phases of bulk materials can be metastably recovered at ambient conditions after a high-pressure treatment of nanomaterials. In this work, we will review some of the capabilities of high pressure studies to understand nanoparticle properties and to create new nanomaterials by providing some examples. We will also present some of the most recent advances in the study of nanomaterials at high pressures.

Energy is critical, directly or indirectly, in the entire process of evolution, growth and survival of all living beings and it plays a vital role in the socio-economic development and human welfare of a country. Energy has come to be known as a `strategic commodity’ and any uncertainty about its supply can threaten the functioning of the economy, particularly in developing economies. Achieving energy security in this strategic sense is of fundamental importance not only to India’s economic growth but also for the human development objectives that aim at alleviation of poverty, unemployment and meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Holistic planning for achieving these objectives requires quality energy statistics that is able to address the issues related to energy demand, energy poverty and environmental effects of energy growth. Renewable energy represents an area of tremendous opportunity for India. Energy is considered a prime agent in the generation of wealth and a significant factor in economic development. Energy is also essential for improving the quality of life. Development of conventional forms of energy for meeting the growing energy needs of society at a reasonable cost is the responsibility of the Government. Limited fossil resources and associated environmental problems have emphasized the need for new sustainable energy supply options. India depends heavily on coal and oil for meeting its energy demand which contributes to smog, acid rain and greenhouse gases’ emission. Last 25 years has been a period of intense activities related to research, development, production and distribution of energy in India. Keywords: compound annual growth rate (CAGR), Renewable energy, Energy conservation.

The Aluminium alloy has excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity and low density. These properties make its application wide in the field of automotive, aerospace and mineral processing industries to make their products .In spite of these properties the main drawback of aluminium alloys are poor wear resistance behavior, harness and strength. To overcome this drawback, these types of alloys are reinforced with some other materials so that its hardness, Young’s modulus and abrasion wear resistance can increased to the desired limit. This paper presents an overview of different reinforced materials in Aluminium Metal Matric Composites (AMMCs) system and their effect on different properties.

Evaluation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report of a mining project is required to ensure the environment friendly development. Experts draw conclusion not only on the basis of the scientific data but their decisions are influenced by political and social values. Impact significance is at the core of probable impact identification, prediction, evaluation and decision making in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Degree of subjectivity is high in the present EIA decision making process. It is difficult to model the qualitative human thinking process for decision making. Fuzzy logic is a recognized tool which has ability to model qualitative human thinking process using words. This paper attempts to use fuzzy logic as a decision making tool for mining projects proposed in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

There is the huge hope that nanotechnological applications and products will lead to a cleaner and healthier environment [1], maintaining and re-improving the quality of water, so that the Earth will be able to support human and other life. The scarcity of water, in terms of both quantity and quality, poses a significant threat to the well-being of people, especially in developing countries. Great hope is placed on the role that nanotechnology can play in providing clean water to these countries in an efficient and cheap way [2]. On the other hand, the discussion about the potential adverse effects of nanoparticle has increased steadily in recent years and is a top priority in agencies all over the world. When nanoparticle eventually enter the environment, the catalytic activity of a nanoparticle can be advantageous when used for the degradation of pollutants, but can induce a toxic response when taken up by a cell. The high sorption capacity of certain nanoparticles is exploited for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants while this property may also mobilize sequestered pollutants in the environment The engineering of nanoparticles that are easily taken up by cells will have a huge impact on medicine and pharmacological research, but the dispersion of such particles in the environment can lead to unwanted and unexpected effect. This paper will give a general overview of potential environmental applications of nanotechnology and nanoparticle and will also give a short overview of the current knowledge about possible risks for the environment.

Metal oxides nanomaterials can be synthesized using multiple synthesis techniques and the resulting media (titanate nanofibers, nanostructured spheres, and nanoparticle impregnated surfaces) can be assessed for their potential to remove an important environmental pollutant in water (arsenate). The hypothesis is that nanotechnology offers the ability to control, characterize, and tailor the fabrication of materials for specific applications. Arsenic is selected as a representative environmental pollutant because of recent regulatory changes to a lower maximum contaminant level and its ability to form strong inner-sphere complexes with metal (hydr) oxides. A comparison of different types of metal (hydr)oxide nanomaterials indicate that titanium, zirconium, and iron (hydr)oxides are the most suitable materials because of their ability to remove arsenic and low toxicity of the base metal, which potentially be released into drinking water. Several metal (hydr)oxide nanomaterial media based upon titanium, zirconium and iron can be synthesized to create hybrid ion exchange media, modified granular activated carbon media, metal (hydr)oxide nanofibers and extremely porous nanostructured spheres. Each synthesis platform produces nanomaterial media capable of being used in a pack-bed continuous flow configuration, including titanate nanofibers because they are fused together by precipitation and drying into strong media. The field of nanotechnology is rapidly evolving, and this work demonstrates how a small mass quantity of nanomaterials can be synthesized and characterized to provide data to scale-up in order to facilitate comparisons against existing technologies. The protocol includes the use of batch arsenic adsorption experiments, short bed adsorber column tests, and calculate pore surface diffusion models.

The Internet has engender an explosion in data growth in the form of Data Sets, called Big Data that are so large they are difficult to store, manage, and canvass using traditional RDBMS which are tuned for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) only. Not only is this new data heavily unstructured, voluminous and stream rapidly and difficult to tackle but even more importantly. The infrastructure cost of Hardware and Software required to crackle it using traditional RDBMS to drive any analytics or business intelligence online (OLAP) from it is prohibitive. To capitalize on the Big Data trend, a new maker of Big Data technologies (such as Hadoop, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure and others) many combines have emerged which are leveraging new parallelized processing. Commodity hardware, open source software, and tools to capture and analyse these new data sets and provide a price/performance that is 10 times better than existing Data Warehouse/Business Intelligence system. This paper presents an overview of the cloud computing scenario today. It provides the advantages and disadvantages of cloud, different examples of the cloud services, different enterprises in the field of cloud computing are being mentioned in the paper.

Segmentation is nothing but creation the part of image or any object. Pattern recognition and image analysis are the first step of image segmentation. In the computer vision field and image analysis we can done significant research topic in the segmentation of video with dynamic background. Image segmentation is most of moderator function in image processing and analysis. Medical image segmentation places a crucial role in different medical imaging application. Image segmentation is a process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments. Segmentation makes the image into something, which are easier to analyse. Segmentation is needed in diagnosis, surgery preparation and other medical applications. Current segmentation approaches are reviewed and reveals its reward and drawback. Different segmentation methods are thresholding, region growing, clustering, artificial neural networks, deformable models, Markov random field models, deformable models, and wavelet. Using the different algorithms the current methodologies of image segmentation is reviewed so that user interaction is possible for images. In this paper, the review of image segmentation is explained by using different techniques.

Power system has significant growth in interest and investment in the India. All activities have led to innovations and developments that simultaneously give power system engineers different challenges and oppurnities. The aim this paper to focus on recent innovations and future outlook of the Indian power systems. Such innovation include: Husk power system, Smart Grid and Renewable energy resources.

Bio-technology plays an important role in the fields of medicine, food, fertilizer, energy and protection of environment. Bio-technology concerns living organisms, such as plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as non-living biological material, such as seed, cells, enzymes, plasmids and the like. Bio- technology is one of the most research intensive industries in the world. In the U.S alone, the bio-tech industry reportedly spent $9 billion in research and development in 1997.

Nanoparticles of luminescent materials (nanophosphors) emit light when excited with suitable energy. Such luminescent nanoparticles offer great potential for superior light emitting devices, displays, energy harvesting applications, security ink, fluorescence tracking and targeted drug delivery in biological systems and many others. The development of nanophosphor for a particular application including lighting and display require different window of excitation energy and specific emission energy.

Two criteria are proposed for characterizing the diverse and not yet perspicuous relations between nanotechnology and nature. They assume a concept of nature as that which is not made by human action. One of the criteria endorses a distinction between natural and artificial objects in nanotechnology; the other allows for a discussion of the potential nanotechnological modification of nature. In so far as current trends may be taken as indicative of future development, nanotechnology might increasingly use the model of nature as a point of orientation, while many of its products will continue to be clearly distinguished from nature. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nature, Technology, Environment Impact.

The Use of a Latent Heat Storage System Using Phase Change Materials (Pcms) Is an Effective Way of Storing Thermal Energy and Has the Advantages of High-Energy Storage Density and the Isothermal Nature of the Storage Process. Pcms Have Been Widely Used In Latent Heat Thermal-Storage Systems For Heat Pumps, Solar Engineering, and Spacecraft Thermal Control Applications. the Uses of Pcms For Heating and Cooling Applications For Buildings Have Been Investigated Within the Past Decade. There Are Large Numbers of Pcms That Melt and Solidify at a Wide Range of Temperatures, Making Them Attractive In a Number of Applications. the Present Study Includes the Energy Storage Materials R & D Efforts at Ncel, Rgipt Through Commercial Grade Fatty Acids Used As Potential Pcms. the Selected Fatty Acids Were Capric, Stearic, Palmitic, Myristic and Lauric Acid With Melting Temperatures Between 25–70°C and Industrial-Grade With 95–99% Purity. Latent Heat Storage Capacity and Phase Transition Temperature of the Pcms Were Determined By Differential Scanning Calorimeter (Dsc) Technique and Showed That All Developed Materials at Ncel, Have a Low Melting Point Which Is Very Much Essential For Low Temperature Thermal Application As Well As With a Good Amount of Latent Heat of Fusion Which Is Also Quite Suitable and the Most Desired Parameter to Implement any Kind of Pcms For the Designing the System.

It's a known fact that India, today, is an emerging economy that is destined to achieve milestones, on various fronts, in the near future. However, for India, to acquire the status of a "developed" nation, it needs to create 100 million jobs, statistics point out! Experts confirm, in an endeavour to achieve this mark, tapping the potential of the unemployed and exploring opportunities in the employment market, so that each and every person plays a crucial role in contributing towards the growth of the Indian economy is necessary. However, how can one create 100 million jobs? And the million dollar question is which industry will absorb people and bridge the employment gap? While experts are busy contemplating the possibilities of the army, the railways, the government and the private sector to recruit, speculations about the difficulty in employing in such huge numbers continue to persist.

Entrepreneurs are driven to achieve success in their business along with the qualities of a Leader, Manager, Dreamer, Innovator, risk taker, continues learner, decision maker & most important is to implement all these qualities into the work. There are a lot of examples of the entrepreneurs in India who are now called synonymous of ‘Success’. They saw the bigger picture but wisely started their business as a very small unit. Entrepreneurs set the example of turning their dream into reality. And the story behind to achieve the dreams into reality is to set massive goals for themselves and stay committed to achieving them regardless of the obstacles they get in the way, with the ambition and the unmatched passion towards achieving the goal. It looks fascinating, attractive and motivating after listening stories of the entrepreneurs, but success is not as easy as it looks always. There are some obstacles which we call the challenges to overcome by looking forward the prospects to be a successful entrepreneur. This research paper focuses on the challenges available in the Indian market by en-cashing the possibilities and prospects of the same to be a successful entrepreneur.

Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towards his organization and its values. An engaged employee is aware of business context, and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization. It is a positive attitude of the employees towards the organization and its values. Inclusive growth for business needs to be assessed from every perspective-personal, societal economic and cultural. While every business contributes economically, it is important that business leaders understand the importance of Employee engagement activities for the mutual growth of business & employees. It is crucial to make every employee involved in contributing to the sustainability agenda to make it inclusive and holistic as an organizational thrust. Organizations not only need to focus on building processes and capital, but equally on their employees for sustainable business growth.

In this research paper performance of new stilling basin models for pipe outlet stilling basin were investigated experimentally by using different shape and size of intermediate sills along with impact wall and end sill .The experimental study was carried out for two Froude numbers namely 3.85 and 1.85 for rectangular pipe outlet of size 10.8 cm. x 6.3 cm. Performance index (PI) has been defined to evaluate the performance of stilling basin models tested using same sand base material and test run time. The scour pattern was measured for each test run. After 36 tests runs, it was found that scour process were reduced for a specific size and shape at a particular location of intermediate sill combined with end sill of particular size and shape. Newly developed model emerges more efficient as compared to other tested stilling basin models

As around three-fourth of the India’s population is living in vast rural areas. The rural and urban categorization reveals wide disparities in various respects.

Entrepreneurship refers to setting up of a new business to take advantages from new opportunities. Entrepreneur is the key factor of entrepreneurship and now women in India are also successful in this as they have qualities desirable for entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurship is a much suitable profession for women than regular employment.

Small job shops which were earlier catering as ancillaries to the larger factories, have emerged as real profit centers by earning their livelihood through “flexible production” in accordance with the variety of demand. This situation has suggested for an essential change in the design and operation of manufacturing set-ups. Managers have realized that running the large units as an optimized and effective combination of a number of smaller units will make the industry flexible, according to the demand changes. This concept is technically explained in the form of Cellular Manufacturing, and is therefore the right approach for such situation. This paper, while taking reference of an Automotive Manufacturing Unit in Pithampur (MP), presents a model for cell formation that allows for period-to-period demand variability and considers the size of the cell when determining the cost to process each part. The model also allows the composition of a cell to be changed from period to period. Five heuristic procedures are presented and tested. The best procedure is also compared with two other traditional approaches. The results show that considering demand variability and changing the cell composition during the planning horizon can result in better solutions.

This paper traces the economic progress made by India’s Retail Sector in the planning era, and the emerging issues under globalization. It examines the socio-economic magnitudes, problems and challenges of the country as well as the pitfalls in FDI planning in India. The paper also makes some policy suggestions to address the constraints in promoting sustainable FDI in India. In view of some of short coming observed in the SWOT analysis, FDI in retailing is going to attract retail players by Indian Government, but India should welcome them with a talented pool of human resources by promoting institution imparting knowledge in retailing. protection must be given to Indian small and medium retailers as retailing is their source of live hood.

Recent level of research in entrepreneurs mainly focuses on external or internal environment forces. But now days it is required to understand the personal attributes as well. It is often say that the person cannot win who do not play. To play, people’s willingness is a key to success and human motivation influences these decisions.

In this paper, the concept of pile geometry on Soil-Structure Interaction is introduced, and the research methods on effect of pile shape are discussed. A systematic summary of the Soil-Structure Interaction research that takes into account adjacent structures is proposed. This study about the pile geometry on Soil-Structure Interaction reviews the growth of SSI and advantages, disadvantages, and uses of various methods are discussed.

Risk taking ability, Self-confidence, Decision making ability, Knowledge of communication, Ability to harvesting technology, Economic motivation, Market orientation, Risk factors are some of the characters of successful entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is a person who is able to look at the environment, identify opportunities to improve the environmental resources and implement action to maximize those opportunities (Robert E. Nelson). It is important to bear in mind that the entrepreneurial skills that will be needed to improve the quality of life for individuals, families and communities and to sustain a healthy economy and environment.

An entrepreneur is a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses taking on financial risk. Basic Concept of the entrepreneur is that it organizes, operates for a certain return the focus of the study is on the Government Sector higher level employees. The higher level employees are like Social Entrepreneurs as they work on organizing, operating taking risk and earnestly working on Social and Personal Rate of return. Social Rate of Return means that the return received by the society at large. Personal Rate of return is Self Actualization, Self Satisfaction, Prestige and Honour. They are the social entrepreneurs as they have the power to change the system to enhance the system and in return what they dream of Self Actualization. Hence the paper makes an attempt to understand the Social Entrepreneur Dynamics by evaluating their functioning and communication styles.

Competent teachers hold the position of leadership by natural disposition of their job in the classroom. S /he do not only have a deep content knowledge but also possess many other skills which are called soft skills. Leadership skills are one dimension of soft skills. Present study was intended to investigate the relationship between leadership skills and teacher competency of prospective and in service teachers. The sample consists of 90 prospective teachers and 60 in service teachers. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the data .Kumar and Mutha ‘Teacher effectiveness scale was used to measure the teacher effectiveness and ‘leadership Quality scale ‘by Dr. Muthumanikum was used to measure the leadership skills .Product –moment coefficient correlation was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that there was significant relationship between teacher competency and leadership skills of prospective teachers and in service teachers.

The fundamental of nanotechnology is that the properties of substance drastically change when their size reduced to the nanometer range. Nanotechnology is emerging interdisciplinary technology that has been blooming in many area during the recent decade including, material science, mechanics, optics, medicine, plastic, electronics and aerospace. The textile industry has already impacted by this technology. This paper summarizes the application of nanotechnology in different areas of textiles like manufacturing nano fibres, nanotubes, finishing textiles, medical textiles, protective textiles and others scope of nanotechnology in textiles are analyzed.

In the present era, where Multi-National Companies are trying to capture the Indian market, Indian entrepreneurs play a motivational role to establish their own enterprise and make opportunities for Indians to solve the problem of unemployment and contribute in the economic growth of India .Entrepreneurs serve as the catalysts for the process of rapid Industrialization and economic growth. It is an entrepreneur who collects the natural, economic, human and technical resources of a country and uses them in the economic growth of a country. According to Joseph Schumpeter, “The rate of economic progress of a nation depends upon its rate of innovation, which in turn depends upon distribution of entrepreneurial talent in the population.” India is facing a problem of Balance of Payment, so to solve this major problem, it is very essential to make policies for the benefit of the country. India must adopt a policy of self- reliance based on import substitution for economic as well as social growth. Import Substitution meant protection for domestic industry behind high tariff walls. It implied a policy of high profits. Import substitution is the process of getting self- dependence by manufacturing those products which can be produced by internal resources of country. It is an inward – looking type of industrialization. Import substitution strategy leads to high levels of effective protection. The currency becomes over – valued and exports are discouraged. Under this strategy relatively capital intensive and intermediate input intensive techniques of production are encouraged. The main objective of this paper is to represent the position of an entrepreneur in import substitution, actually it is ‘Need of the Hour’ and a great challenge for Indian economy to compete with other countries.

Entrepreneurship is an act of undertaking innovations or introducing new things, finance and business insights, in an effort to transform those innovations into economic goods. In India, entrepreneurship is primarily considered as starting a new business. It comes with a sense of innate freedom and creativity but is followed by an inherent set of risks. Starting a business has long been considered a risky proposition. Just the potential for failure and loss discourages many would be entrepreneurs from giving it a go. This is where franchising comes to the rescue. Franchises are wise as they come on board after the parent company has made all the major mistakes that will come with their new idea. Doing so, franchisees reduce their risk. Further, investing on a proven business model also paves the way for economic growth, employment growth, and export income fuelling activity in the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector. This report will provide an insight on how franchising can act as a pathway to entrepreneurship and the creation of wealth.

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) is becoming the main stream broadband technology of choice. Significant commercial deployment of FTTH has started only a couple of years ago in most of the countries. The main factor for the slow growth of FTTH is the higher installation costs compared to copper wires. While optical fibres have the benefits of signal capacity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, they suffer from losses due to excessive bending. When standard single-mode fiber (G.652) is used, the fiber must be installed cautiously avoiding small bends to restrict total single loss. Single Mode Fibre also has difficulty of transmitting video signals through bends tighter than about 30 mm in diameter. The bending requirement for deployment limits dimensions of hardware and imposes significant costs for FTTH installations. Hence bend insensitive single-mode fibers are attractive for FTTH applications to lower the installation costs and improve the system performance. Several fiber designs have been proposed to meet different bend loss requirements including both conventional and microstructure design approaches. This paper reviews recent progress that is reported in bend insensitive fibers.

Commercial banking is the most important part of modern banking set up. These days, the function of commercial banks is confined not only to advancing loans to the public and accepting their deposits, their contribution in accelerating the rate of economic development in underdeveloped and developing countries like. India is very important. Also banking is highly effective and useful in the fulfillment of various socio-economic objectives of the Government. Up to, 1969, the operation and functioning of commercial banks in India was confined only to medium and large sized towns and economically rich people.

Education and Skill Development have the power to transform the economic condition of any nation. They are an absolute bet to get all segments of society involved for the benefit of a country’s economic growth and transformation. Education, unlike in ancient times, has become more achievement-oriented than child-oriented. It does not address the needs of all the children who, in spite of various levels of scholastic competence, are capable of learning and need to develop those skills and become empowered to live effectively in this world. In India, young people who will soon be entering the labour market constitute the largest segment of the demographic structure. A majority of them have limited access to education and training, and most find work in the informal sector. In recent years India has rapidly expanded the capacity of educational institutions and enrollments, but dropout rates remain high, and educational attainment remains low. India so far has not sufficiently prepared its youth with the skills that today’s industries require. Thus, to accelerate its economic growth, the country has introduced drastic policy reforms in skills development.

The geotechnical behaviour of expansive clay soils is investigated by looking into the geomorphologic, geological and climatic conditions and mineralogical composition of the soils in the study area. The geotechnical results are linked with the performance of the foundation as well as structures. Since swell potential and swell pressure are key properties of expansive soils, the swell parameters were measured by free swell tests and one-dimensional oedometer swell tests respectively. Physical conditions of the surveyed properties in the area confirmed the hypothesis of building damages due to poor building materials triggered by expansive soils. In support of the obtained data, the actual behaviour of the foundations is supplemented with prototypes of strip foundations whose performances are to be monitored over a long period. Finally, suggested are the ways forward to solve the problem of foundation on expansive soil.

Hydrolysis of O, O-diethyl, O-p -cyan phenyl phosphate (Organophosphorus compound) has been studied in acidic medium with catalyst Cu++ cation and the rate maxima observed were at around pH 6.0. Since the metal aquo complexes are known to exist in equilibrium with deprotonated species and therefore, metal bound OH- nucleophile might be available abundantly even in acidic aqueous solutions.

Conventional constitutive equations defining the flow stress relationship with the allied parameters are independent of one or more parameters. So the combined effect of all the flow parameters on true stress cannot be imagined in the existing frame of reference. In addition the same set of arbitrary constants does not works for all true strain, strain and temperature values for such models and their equations, which further adds new drawbacks while working with these relations. The present article works to complete the relationship between such flow parameters and the equation has been validated to Al 2024 aluminum alloy.

The Pressure induced structural phase transition of Ceria (CEO2) has been investigated using an effective interionic interaction potential. The present potential had been found to reproduce well the experimentally observed phase fluorite to orthorhombic transition pressure and associated volume collapses and elastic constants of CEO2 is in good agreement with their corresponding experimental data (31.5 GPa). We have also reported the elastic properties of CEO2 in both phases.

Microstrip antenna consists of a radiating patch of any planar geometry (e.g. Circular, square, Ellipse, ring and rectangular) on one side of a dielectric material substrate backed by a ground plane on the other side.

A rectangular MSA and ring slot MSA with circular polarization radiation. The antenna has a high return loss, where the return loss is compare with its experimental value. The experimental results of both antennas compared with each other’s, the proposed antenna is able to achieve the return loss above

In this paper we are going to discuss OFDM, CIOFDM, MIMO, SFBC. The OFDM design is fairly complex and some important design blocks are chosen for verification purposes. The CI-OFDM (carrier interferometry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) system has been widely studied in the multi-carrier communication system. In this paper, focusing on the two Tx (transmit) / one Rx (receive) antennas and two Tx / two Rx antennas configuration, we evaluate the performance of MIMO OFDM and MIMO CIOFDM system. SFBC (space frequency block coding) is applied into both MIMO OFDM system and MIMO CIOFDM system. For CI- OFDM realization, digital implemented CIOFDM structure is used in which CI code spreading operation and carrier allocation are separately processed by simple IFFT type operation. From the simulation results, it is shown that MIMO SFBC CI-OFDM reduces PAPR significantly compared with MIMO SFBC-OFDM system. The out-of band re-growth of signal spectrum in MIMO SFBC CIOFDM system is much smaller than MIMO SFBC OFDM. In the NBI (narrow band interference) channel MIMO SFBC CIOFDM system achieves considerable BER improvement, compared with the MIMO SFBC-OFDM system in which error floor occurs in most of SNR range.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most important microbial symbionts in the roots of maximum plants on the Earth. Commonly, AMF are non-host specific and have symbiotic interactions with different plants species. But some AMF species at certain combinations with host’s plant species have shown some host specificity. The beneficial interactions of AMF with plants growth result in the improvement of plant health and soil fertility. Under stress conditions of plants and especially in phosphate-imitated condition, AMF can influence plant community development, nutrient uptake, water relations and aboveground productivity. They can also act as bio protectants against pathogens and toxic stresses. AMF have different types of interactions with different kinds of rhizosphere microorganisms, particularly with rhizospheric bacteria that exhibiting some specific characteristics and functions in associations of them. These interactions may result in spore formation and germination through root colonization to external hyphae during AMF life cycle. The nature of these bacteria-fungal interactions may be inhibitory or stimulatory, competitive or mutualistic to each other or for the plant. In nature, the plant species impact on the selection of their bacterial associates and strongly influence the composition of AMF community. Indirectly AMF species also influence on the selection of bacteria in the mycorrhizosphere. Several kinds of bacterial species have been studied that are present in plant-AMF mycorhizosphere, but bacteria associated with AMF spores (AMB) with different interaction are not well studied yet. These AMB may be involved in the biocontrol of plant pathogens and to improve supply of nutrients. The knowledge of interactions between plant AMF, AMB and plant pathogens have been found helpful for the development of sustainable management of soil fertility and to increase crop production.

World has recently suffered a global 2008-2009 recession which partially hits up to 2012. This recession has undoubtedly affected the economic life through its financial modem. This article presents an eye view of its impact on the economy and discusses the future strategies to handle such financial recessions. It also enlightens the causes and the ways to handle this epidemic with the adapting policies to mute it in the next future.

This paper presents an experimental study on new stilling basins for non-circular pipe outlet The new developed models were tested in a rectangular shaped pipe outlet of size 10.8cm x 6.3 cm with three inflow Froude numbers Fr = 1.85, 2.85 and 3.85 in comparison to USBR VI stilling basin model recommended for the pipe outlets. The new stilling basin models were developed by changing the shapes of the end sills of same height, while keeping the other configuration of stilling basin geometry same. To compare the performance of stilling basin models in different Froude numbers, the maximum scour depth and its location from end sill were measured for each model. The study indicates that due to changing the end sill geometry, scour pattern and hence the performance of stilling basin affected significantly.

This paper deals with an unreliable remanufacturing system involved in the processing and remanufacturing of WIP inventory. While processing the items to be recycled, the system may become out of order followed by a two stage tandem repair. The system capacity K is assumed to be finite. As soon as the items start entering the system and queue up to seek service, the server takes some start up time to activate and then waits to serve until the N items of WIP inventory are accumulated. Once the system becomes full, further arrival of items is not allowed until the queue length decreases to a prespecified level F. The time dependent behavior of the system is analyzed using Runge-Kutta 4th order method. To explore the system’s effectiveness, the model formulated has been tested numerically.

With the limited frequency spectrum, the channel assignment problem (CAP) i.e., to assign the calls to the available channels so that the interference is minimized while the demand is met, has become increasingly important. In this paper a hybrid technique of Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (HGASA) is applied for dynamic channel allocation. With this hybrid algorithm effort is made to reduce the search complexity of channel allocation while satisfying constraints of interference. The concept of Simulated Annealing (SA) is incorporated into Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to avoid pre-mature convergence of the strings. Experimental results show that the proposed HGASA is a better method than GA and the average call blocking probability of the system decreases.

This paper provides overviews of Job-satisfaction and Teaching competency of secondary school teachers in district Bhopal and Raison of Madhya Pradesh. Firstly, the paper tries to find out different dimensions of job satisfaction of teachers like professional, domestic and inter-personal etc. Secondly, the paper scrutinizes the relationship between Job-satisfaction and teaching-competency of sec. teachers. It is also designed to find out the reasons for differences in teaching-competency of see, school teachers particularly with references to sex and demographics. The underlying factors of job satisfaction and teaching-competency are domestic satisfaction, individual satisfaction, emotional satisfaction, job-security, etc. The present study was conducted on 200 sec. school teachers of Bhopal region. On the basis of random sampling technique, out of 200 sec school teachers 100 were rural (50 male and 50 female) and 100 urban (50 male and 50 female). General Teaching Competency Scale by Passi and Lalitha and a self- designed job satisfaction questionnaire were executed in this study. The data was subjected to mean, S.D. and t-value of statistical treatment. Evidences suggest that there is a significant difference in job-satisfaction and teaching competency among see, school teachers. The finding of the research also concludes that there is a positive relationship between job satisfaction and teaching competency.

Proton conducting polymer electrolyte membrane is the most important component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The positive effect of addition of oxo-clusters of Ti, Zr, W and hydrophilic additives like SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2 on the proton conductivity characteristics of Nafion membranes have been reported earlier. Here we report the effect of additive titanium dioxide on the proton conductivity of polystyrene membrane in aqueous solution. The enhancement of proton conductivity was observed to be increase for titanium dioxide (by factors of 4.63). This showed that the proton conductivity was increased on addition of titanium dioxide in polystyrene membrane. The proton conductivities were calculated from the pH values measured at room temperature using an electrochemical cell and pH meter, on the basis of a proton transport model for porous membranes in aqueous solution. The membranes were characterized by FTIR, SEM and the observed results are explained in terms of the hydrophobicity of the additive.

The Government announced the guidelines for Mobile Number Portability (MNP) Service in the country on 1st August 20081 and has issued a separate license for MNP service from 20.03.2009. As per these guidelines Mobile number Portability states implementation of facility for porting of mobile number from one service provider to another which is operating in same circle. This analytical study enables BSNL in understanding trend of customer retention and defection as per prevailing socio-economic conditions in Madhya Pradesh. Most of the population in Madhya Pradesh is sustained by agro income or derive their living from similar source. Hence emphasis is to be paid in studying the trends of customer defection pertain in class of people. Data as collected from TRAI2 and BSNL3 till date is analyzed to understand correlation between Mobile Number Portability and Customer retention. The data as collected and published by TRAI, available in public domain, is used for understanding the general trend followed by customers in Madhya Pradesh4. Analytical study of correlation of MNP facility with customer retention is made. This analysis states hypothesis which can be used by state owned company BSNL which will enable it in better customer satisfaction and retention. The major factors applicable to Madhya Pradesh keeping in view the socio economic conditions are Offered Service Quality, Economic Status of Customer, Offer by Service Providers and to a large extent Mobile Number portability which enable customer to switch between operators without having to care about change in mobile number.

Electronics, Communication, Computers and It Devices (Consumer Electronics) Have Changed the Human Life Styles Tremendously Comfortable With Many Advantages, But They Have Brought In some Hazardous Side Effects on Environment. Management and Disposal of E-Waste Has Become a Major Problem In the World and Is Growing at Alarming Proportions. the Accumulation of E-Waste Causing Biggest Harm to Environment Is the Dumping of Hazardous Materials. the Aim of This Concept Research Paper Is to Study, Analyze, Discuss Existing E-Waste Recycling Methodologies and Conceptualize and Propose some New Approaches For Recycling 100% of E-Waste. In This Paper an Attempt Is Made to Present and Discuss some New Recycling Approaches and Technology Management of E-Waste Through Which Discarding of E-Waste into Environment Is Either Nil or Minimal. This Method Also Envisages Extraction of Each and Every Material from E-Waste. Increasing Global Trends of E-Waste and Implications of Implementation of Proposed Methodology, Commercial and Societical Are Also Included Here.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an emerging identification technology having greater capability than bar codes. But, the use of these systems is being discouraged by certain practical problems associated with them. Such as, high costs, tag reader sensitivity, limited transmission distances etc. End users participation and designers expertise when combined, form the key ingredients of igniting improvements and innovation in any system. This paper proposes some user centered approaches for the improvement in the existing RFID systems.

An effective Management of Human Resources has an important role to play in the performance and success of organizations. In the present business environment, Human Resource is an important input for organizational effectiveness. Competitive pressures have encouraged organizations to be proactive in diagnosing HR practices since these were no longer a matter of trend, but rather of survival. The present study attempts to explore the relationship of three dimensions of innovative Human Resource practices: That is, the extent of introduction of Innovative HR Practices, their importance for organizational goal achievement and satisfaction with implementation of innovative HR Practices with organizational commitment. The present study examines the relationship between human resource practices, trust, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviour organizational commitment, motivation and perceived organizational performance, namely respondent’s perceptions of service quality, value for money and organizational effectiveness. Innovative HR practices build competencies and capabilities for superior and winning performances today and simultaneously create long term fertility for innovation of business ideas and strategies for future.

The idea of using multiple receive and multiple transmit antennas has emerged as one of the most significant technical breakthroughs in modern wireless communications. Theoretical studies and initial prototyping of these MIMO systems have shown order of magnitude spectral efficiency improvements in communications. As a result, MIMO is considered a key technology for improving the throughput of future wireless broadband data systems MIMO is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology. MIMO technology has attracted attention in wireless communications, because it offers significant increases in data throughput and link range without requiring additional bandwidth or transmit power. This is achieved by higher spectral efficiency and link reliability or diversity (reduced fading).Spatial multiplexing is a transmission technique in MIMO wireless communication to transmit independent and separately encoded data signals, so called streams, from each of the multiple transmit antennas. Therefore, the space dimension is reused, or multiplexed, more than one time. What mainly makes MIMO systems interesting is their potential ability to achieve an increase in system capacity or in link reliability without requiring additional transmission power or bandwidth (Goldsmith, 2005). In this paper, we focus on different receivers for 2x2 MIMO channel

A new series of N-[2-(10H-phenothiazinyl) ethyl]-2-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-5-[(substituted phenyl) methylidene]-1-iminothiazolidine, compounds 5(a-m)have been synthesized. by microwave method. The cycloaddition reaction of thioglycolic acid with N-[2-(10Hphenothiazinyl) ethyl]-N’-[(phenyl)methylidene]-hydrazine, compounds 3(a-m) in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 afforded new heterocyclic compounds N-[2-(10Hphenothiazinyl) ethyl]-2-(phenyl)-4-oxo-1-iminothiazolidine, compounds 4(a-m). The later product on treatment with several selected substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of C2H5ONa undergoes Knoevenagel reaction to yield, compounds 5(a-m). The structure of compounds 1, 2, 3(a-m), 4(a-m) and 5(a-m) were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FAB-Mass and chemical analysis. Compounds 5(a-m) have been screened for their antimicrobial and ant tubercular activities, displayed satisfactory results.

This Paper presents the design of Z-N-Tuned PID Controller, to realize governor action in a power generation plant to improving the dynamic characteristics. Proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in industrial control system because of the reduced number of parameters to be tuned. The PID control method is most flexible and simple method. This method is more popular among all control methods. The conventional PID controller is replaced by Z-N tuning PID controller, to make them more general and to achieve minimum steady-state error, also to improve the other dynamic behavior (overshoot). The self-tuned proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are designed for applications where large load changes are expected or the need for extreme accuracy and fast response time exists.

This paper is focused to find out the answer whether the social networking sites are boon or bane for today’s society. No doubt these SNS provides employment, marketing ,personal growth ,sharing of information but the most prevalent danger through often involves online predators or individuals. These SNS has great impact on youth of India. One can easily see the entry gate of these social networking sites but it is unable to find exit for these SNS. One side these sites provide to communicate with our dear ones on the other side it creates platform for many cyber-crimes. Everyone should be understood that The SNS is a “child of” computing “by computing” but” for the society “. So we focused on the fact that how SNS are implementing and used in an effective manner that is also beneficial for Indian society and what are the role of Indian youth .In this paper we focused on the positive as well as negative impact of these social networking sites on the Indian youth and what are the ethical responsibilities of the users of these sites.

The web usage Mining (WUM) is the process of discovering hidden patterns from the web usage. The proper analysis of web log file is beneficial to manage the websites effectively for administrative and users’ prospective. In this research paper, a hybrid framework is proposed Using Ant Colony Clustering and Linear Genetic Programming Approach (ANT-LGP) for optimizations of web usage pattern. The hybrid framework uses an ant colony optimization algorithm to cluster Web usage patterns. In this work, we investigate the performance aspect of proposed hybrid method with well famous K-means genetic algorithm (K-GA) based ant colony clustering method for web usage log pattern analysis. We present a comparative performance evaluation model of ANT-LGP versus ANT-KGA by means of an analytical approach. Quantitative measurements are performed using number clusters, error rate, number of iteration and execution time performance parameters in this research work. The results proposed framework offers a superior performance compared to existing L-GP based system.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an Extended Wireless Sensor Network with three-fold tasks for assessing water quality along any river system blended with multi-industrial effluent outfalls. First, it assesses river water quality at all confluence points of industrial effluents with river using sensors and transmits to control room using the Wireless System with inbuilt Wi-Fi. Secondly, it predicts water quality along each stretch between two consecutive outfalls using a     computer algorithm developed with river quality dispersion model. Thirdly, it the predicted data transmitted to   controller in the cloud to be accessible by the industries for necessary action to control pollution in the river.

ABSTRACT

Metal matrix composites they were mainly included in structural engineering components where only a typical failure mode becomes solid particle erosion. That research throughout this article focuses also on manufacturing and classification of silicon carbide (SiC) reinforced metal matrix compounds (MMCs) at various weight percentages ranging from 0 to 9 percent by weight in phase 3. Also reported the% of each and their response to erosion wear of the solid particles. A simple and widely used liquid metallurgy technique called stir casting technique is used to produce these composite materials. The erosion tests are carried out according to the experimental design based on the Taguchi L16 orthogonal matrix. It describes the primarily important factors that control that wear rate. The findings suggest how this compound's erosion wear rate was most determined than other influences even by impact rate and fill material, meanwhile. This also illustrates the strong filling properties of both the SiC particles because as wear rate declines throughout the matrix material with increasing filler content.

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The novel ultraviolet(UV) curable waterborne polyurethane dispersion was formulated from 4,4’-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI),hydroxy terminated unsaturated polyesters (HTUP),2,2-dimethylol propionic acid(DMPA) and Linalool(LL) (a terpiniol).MDI has been selected for receiving more thermo resistant coating. LL has been selected for fast curing process. The resultant dispersion was coated as steel panel. The panels were irradiated by UV mercury lamp (15w) for 10-15 min. The resultant coatings were characterized by thermal and mechanical properties.

ABSTRACT

The medicinal importance of a plant is due to the presence of some special substances like alkaloids, glycosides, resins, volatile oil,gum, and tannins etc. Considering all these facts the present study is designed to investigate the presence of various phytochemical in two medicinal seeds out of which one is Flax seeds and the other one is Nigella Sativa seeds. Both the seeds are rich source of healthy fat, antioxidant and fibre. The nutrient in both the seeds help lower may risk of diabetes, cancer, heart disease and thyroid. and they have antioxidants, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-thyroid activities. The present study deals with qualitative analysis which is done by (using standard method of Harborn) phytochemicals test of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Steroids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins and Cardiac Glycosides   followed by extraction of oil by Sohxlet apparatus .Quantitative analyses were also done to determine the amount of such phytochemical by using standard method of Harborn 1973. Phytochemicals, alkaloids, Flavonoids, Terpenoids,  steroids and cardiac glycosides are present in varying amounts which may be used in future for preparation of herbal medicine 

ABSTRACT

2-[5-(4-Ary)furan-2-y]-3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)thiazolidin-4-one (Ia-e)  compounds [1] reacted with  furfural in the presence of sodium hydroxide affords, 5-[(furan-2-yl)methylen]-2-[5-(4-alkylphenyl)furan-2-y]-3-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)thiazolidin-4-one (IIIa-e). These (IIIa-e) compounds reacted with Isoniazide yield [3-(furan-2-yl)-5-[5-(4-alkylphenyl)furan-2-yl]-6-(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)3,3a,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazol-2-yl](pyridin-4-yl) methanone (IVa-e). The molecular structures of all these novel heterocyclic derivatives  were confirmed  by elemental content and FTIR-NMR spectral features. The antimicrobial activity of all these derivatives were monitored.  

ABSTRACT

The Schiff's bases (1a-e) based on 5-arylfurfural and Isoniazid prepared by us [1], were condensed with chloro acetyl chloride. The obtained 2-azitidinone derivatives were further treated respectively with sulphamethoxazole and morpholine. The so-called derivatives N-(2-(5-(4-alkylphenyl)furan-2-yl)-3-((4-(N-(isoxazol-3-yl)sulfamoyl) phenyl) amino) -4-oxoazetidin-1-yl) isonicotinamides (3a-e) and N-(2-(5-(4-alkylphenyl)furan-2-yl)-3-morpholino-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl)isonicotinamides (4a-e) and (2-azitidinone) were characterized by elemental content and spectral features. Their antimicrobial activity has also been monitored against common microbes.

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Ethyl 3-oxo-2-(2-(4-(N-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl) phenyl) hydrazono)butanoate (1) on condensation with 4-(4-alkyl phenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro pyrimidine-5- carbohydrazide   (2a-e)                            to               afford     2-(1-(4-(4-alkyl    phenyl)-6-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro pyrimidine-5-carbonyl) -3-methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-4(5H)-ylidene)-N-(thiazol-2- yl) hydrazine sulfonamide (3a-e). On reaction (3a-e) with 1,2-dibromoethane yield 2-(1-(7-

(4-alkyl                         phenyl)-5-methyl-3,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonyl)-3- methyl-5-oxo-1H-pyrazol-4(5H)-ylidene)-N-(thiazol-2-yl)hydrazinesulfonamide(4a-e).The structures of all the compounds series (3a-e) and (4a-e) were characterized analytically. The compounds were also monitored for anti microbial activity.

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  Metal Alloy Composites Tribological applications, such as internal combustion engines, pistons, liners, clutches, pulleys, rockers, and pivots have been used. In each of these uses, though, a need for substantial changes in duty loads and wear resistance, prompting material researchers to build composites based on aluminum. Conventional aluminum-based component sites have only one type of reinforcement. The addition of hard dispersions, such as silicon carbide, alumina, titanium carbide, finishes, improves the hardness, strength and wear resistance of the components. However, these hard reinforcement component sites pose various problems when machining metal mold components. Furthermore, the addition of ceramic reinforcements will result in the deterioration of the thermal and electrical conductivity of the aluminum alloys, which will lead to limited applications.

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The aim to this paper is to define soft S-metric space and investigate some important properties. Also We established some fixed point theorem for two maps on soft S-metric spaces. Our results isgeneralized form of some previous well known results from S-metric spaces.

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Fused heterocyclic compounds, 6-(5-(4-alkyl phenyl)furan-2-yl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H- pyrazolo[3,4-b] pyridine-5-carbonitrile 3(a-e) were synthesized by the reaction of  3-Methyl-1-phenyl- 1H-pyrazol -5-amine(1) with 5-(4-alkylphenyl)furan- 2-carbaldehyde (2a-e) in presence of Acetoacetonitrile. The structures of all the compounds series (3a-e) were characterized by elemental and spectral studies. The compounds were also screened for antibacterial activity.

ABSTRACT

Human resource management is a precious resource of every company and this is the only one living resources available. This study of HRM includes changing environment factors that make roles of the employees more competitive and interdependent. Resources crisis, increasing demand and the most de-globalization and the crunching globalization are the conditions with suggestions required on finding based on various reorganized and innovative practices of HRM. Practices of involving green effects with existed human resource management is Green Human Resource Management (G-HRM), these all are the  integrated practice with existing practices which provide modest solution and upgrade the HRM practices. This study is based on the HRM practices and special reference to Recruitment and selection with the impact of Green Human Resource practices of various R as Reduce, Replenish, Reuse, Restore, and Recycle). Core objective of this paper is to uncover the greening activities towards sustainability. An initiative with the spreading awareness of Green HR and its effect on environment sustainability, resources availability and utilization This paper is more on preparing policies of recruitment and selection which could be initiated with Green factors integrated which could increase employee outcome by this way organizations & firms are motivating to employees to improve activities of Green. Second most aim of the study is to work on understanding profit and cost analysis of green practices implementation.

ABSTRACT

The Producer Organization (PO) is a legitimate component that involved interesting creators, specifically farmers, dairy producers, fishermen, weavers, local skilled workers, specialists. PO can be an advantageous association, co-employable society, or another overall arrangement of laws that offers the sharing of focal points and favorable circumstances between people. It is one kind of PO where people are farmers. The Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) offers assistance for the headway of FPOs. PO is the fundamental name for a relationship of creators of anything, for instance, Agribusiness, non-farm things, crafted works, etc. The amount of farmers' relationship in India has extended definitely yet the challenges they face are many. The Indian government has announced $ 34 million to manufacture a "PRODUCE" under NABARD. This paper included the probable occupation of the Farmers' Association concerning the quick plant advancement of emerging farmers in India. We are scrutinizing various POs appearing over time with the assistance of NABARD to show how PRODUCE can fill openings toward the start of producer bunches in India. Finally, we give an advancing model of how those resources can best be used, similarly as rules for setting up financially reasonable and broadening POs.

ABSTRACT

Heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Cu are a serious threat for plants, animals, food chain and living beings causes illness or damage to human beings, animals and plants ,water becomes unfit for drinking, changing PH of Soil and water. Phytore mediation technology is the use of green plants and Hyper accumulator’s to clean soil, water, air and environment. Hyper accumulator’s like Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Brassica juncea (Mustard), Helianthus annus (Sunflower), Eicchornea crassipes(Water Hyacinth) clean soil and water when grown in it. The mechanism involved in Phytore mediation technology is Phytoextraction Phyto accumulation, Phytostabilization by reducing mobility, Rhizofiltration, Phytode gradation, Reduction in root, shoot length and TF=^1,BCF^1shows heavy metal transferred from root, shoot and potential of Phytore mediator plants for Phytore mediation.

ABSTRACT

In this paper Power Quality (PQ) improvement for a distribution system is presented using Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) and Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) controllers. DVR and UPQC are widely adopted custom devices that are reported for mitigation of voltage sag. Voltage sag is a result of the faults in the power system.   The designed UPQC and DVR systems help in obtaining regulated and balanced output voltages with reduced harmonics across the load terminals. Also, they suppress the source harmonics generated by the loads. The Matlab simulation model is presented for both the types of controllers using synchronous reference frame. Their performances have been analyzed under 3-phase fault condition and the results are compared to assess the improvement achieved in power quality by DVR and UPQC devices.

ABSTRACT

Electricity is the basic need in every aspect of our daily life.  It is the most convenient form of energy. Hence, various other forms of energy are being transformed into electrical energy in final application.  Transport sector is the glaring example where it may be railways, roadways, water ways or even space mission. Its consumption has become a measure of the growth of a nation. In view of the challenges imposed by the climate change, it has become all the more to minimize/avoid the burning of fossil fuels to obtain electricity.   The best way out is to conserve the energy by demand side management and energy efficiency and maximize the use of environment friendly renewable energy. The scientific approach to conserve energy is to monitor the consumption and take corrective measures to minimize the wastage.

ABSTRACT

The paper attempts to present a unified approach to the vast field of protections for hydro power generating sets.  Typically, there are a number of agencies involved in the formation of protection logics viz the main turbine-generator manufacturer, the protection relay supply company, the customer (Electricity boards or private producers) and may be a consultant also. The integration of views of these agencies is a task in itself. The typical inter-tripping logic diagram given in the paper fulfils this requirement to a great extent. Also, some case studies of actual fault incidents at hydro power stations have been included. 

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This paper gives a brief account of the invention of X-rays and their first medical application. The evolution of the X-ray machines, the features in the modern machines and the emerging trends are chronologically presented. Other applications mainly in the industries are also discussed. The role of artificial intelligence and machine learning are also mentioned which are likely to play important role in the field of X-rays applications.

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Financial data management is a set of processes and policies — usually assisted by specialized software — that enable an organization to consolidate its financial information, maintain compliance with accounting rules and laws, and produce detailed financial reports. This paper presents the chronological development of the database management system, role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in near future and the challenges in database management. The emerging trends in database management system covered mainly the focus of the corporate world on developing the systems to face forthcoming challenges of competition and security.

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Climate change has become one of the biggest challenges of the global environment which is primarily caused by the emission of green house gases due to the burning of fossil fuels.  It has compelled the world to explore renewable sources of energy for power generation which are environment friendly. Wind resource is one of the major renewable energy resources besides solar resource. The paper gives an overview of the wind power development in India including basic principle and technology.  The policy and service supports are briefly explained. The trend for optimum use of location specific wind resource in the form of repowering, wind-solar hybrid and off-shore projects is also discussed.   

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Mingechaur Hydro Project was the first export order in CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Countries won by BHEL in October 1999 against stiff global competition.  The paper narrates the various challenges faced and resolved due to hostile customer, communication due to language, multiple transshipments during transportation, very tight project execution schedule.  It is an interesting story of transformation of a hostile customer into a very supportive as a result of BHEL’s positive attitude and professional skills in executing such a challenging export contract.

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The commercial electric power generation started from coal based thermal and hydro in the 1880s.  Today, not only the coal fired but diesel and gas based power generation technologies are well proven. However, emission of polluting green house gases emitted due to the burning of fossil fuels has become a matter of serious concern. This challenge is well accepted by the researchers which haveresulted in the development of green power generation technologies. These technologiesburn the fossil fuels more efficiently with lower emissions. This paper will discuss conventional as well as green power generation from coal in addition to the carbon capture technologies.       

Climate change stands as one of the most critical challenges facing our planet today, with its profound impacts deep across ecosystems, economies, and societies worldwide. In recent years, substantial strides have been made in unravelling the complexities of climate change and its multifaceted implications. This paper endeavours to provide an encompassing overview of the preliminary work conducted in the field of climate change, shedding light on pivotal findings, methodologies employed, and emerging trends that shape our understanding and response to this global crisis. Through an exploration of advancements in climate science, sectoral impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies, and the role of policy and governance, this paper aims to distil existing knowledge, pinpoint research gaps, and offer insights to guide future studies and policy interventions aimed at combating and adapting to climate change. Advancements in climate science have been instrumental in deepening our comprehension of the mechanisms driving climate change. From improved climate models to enhanced observational techniques, researchers have made significant progress in deciphering the complex interplay of factors contributing to global warming. These advancements have facilitated more accurate projections of future climate scenarios, enabling policymakers to make informed decisions and devise effective strategies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and minimize climate-related risks. Mitigation and adaptation strategies represent essential pillars of the global response to climate change. Mitigation efforts aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the extent of global warming through measures such as transitioning to renewable energy sources, enhancing energy efficiency, and implementing carbon pricing mechanisms. Adaptation strategies, on the other hand, focus on strengthening the resilience of communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems to withstand the impacts of climate change. These strategies encompass a range of actions, including improving disaster preparedness, implementing nature-based solutions, and investing in climate-resilient infrastructure. Policy and governance play a central role in addressing climate change by providing the necessary framework and incentives for action. International agreements such as the Paris Agreement have galvanized global cooperation on climate action, setting ambitious targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions and mobilizing financial resources for climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. At the national and subnational levels, governments are implementing a suite of policies and measures to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy and build resilience to climate change impacts. However, challenges remain in translating ambitious climate goals into concrete actions and ensuring equitable and inclusive climate policies that prioritize the needs of vulnerable populations. The preliminary work conducted in the field of climate change has yielded invaluable insights into the drivers, impacts, and responses to this global challenge. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, this paper seeks to inform future studies and policy interventions aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change. Addressing climate change requires concerted efforts from all sectors of society, grounded in sound science, robust policies, and collective action. Only through sustained commitment and collaboration can we hope to safeguard our planet for future generations.

The role of mathematics in scientific research and development (R&D) holds significant implications for both agrarian and non-agrarian sectors, shaping innovation, problem-solving, and progress across diverse domains. Under the framework of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020, this research paper explores the multifaceted implications of mathematics in R&D for both sectors, examining the challenges, opportunities, and solutions that emerge within the evolving higher education landscape. Through a comprehensive analysis of current trends, emerging technologies, and policy imperatives, this paper highlights the transformative potential of mathematics in addressing complex challenges, optimizing resource management, and driving sustainable development in agrarian and non-agrarian contexts. By elucidating the implications of mathematics in scientific R&D and proposing solutions aligned with the objectives of NEP 2020, this research aims to inform strategic decision-making, foster interdisciplinary collaboration, and promote innovation-driven growth in the agrarian and non-agrarian sectors of the 21st century.

The New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 in India heralds a transformative shift in the higher education landscape, aiming to revitalize university administration to meet the evolving needs of a rapidly changing society. This writeup explores the emerging prospects, challenges, and innovations in university administration under the NEP 2020 framework, examining its implications for academic governance, student engagement, and institutional development. This rare paper delves into the multifaceted responsibilities and significance of academia administration in the contemporary university landscape. Author, being the registrar of an emerging university, shares certain food for thought keeping in view the pivotal academic managerial position within the intricate framework of higher education institutions, that often plays a crucial role in academic administration, student services, and institutional governance.

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Millets have long been a staple food crop in India, offering numerous nutritional, environmental, and socio-economic benefits. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in millets due to their nutritional value, climate resilience, and potential to address food security challenges. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of the preliminary work conducted in the field of millets consumption in India, focusing on key aspects such as production trends, nutritional composition, consumer preferences, market dynamics, policy interventions, and challenges hindering millet promotion and adoption. By synthesizing existing knowledge and identifying research gaps, this paper aims to inform future studies and policy initiatives for promoting millets as a sustainable and nutritious food option in India.

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Biofuels, derived from organic materials like plants and algae, offer advantages including reduced carbon emissions and decreased reliance on imported oil. Recent biofuel research has focused on advanced feedstocks and conversion technologies, moving beyond traditional options like corn ethanol and soy biodiesel. Second-generation biofuels from non-food sources such as switchgrass and woody biomass show promise for higher yields and lower environmental impacts. Innovative conversion processes like pyrolysis and gasification enable more efficient biomass-to-biofuel conversion. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) is crucial for assessing the economic feasibility of biofuel production. TEA models evaluate costs and benefits across various production scales, considering factors like feedstock costs and market demand. By optimizing process parameters, TEA helps identify cost-effective biofuel production pathways. Environmental sustainability is a key focus in biofuel research, with life cycle assessment (LCA) studies evaluating environmental impacts from feedstock cultivation to fuel combustion. LCA quantifies greenhouse gas emissions, land use changes, and other environmental factors, guiding the development of sustainable biofuel pathways. Policy frameworks play a vital role in biofuel deployment, with governments implementing blending mandates and renewable fuel standards to stimulate market demand. However, challenges remain in balancing stakeholder interests and ensuring equitable and sustainable biofuel policies. In summary, biofuels offer promising solutions for mitigating climate change and enhancing energy security. Recent advancements in biofuel research have focused on advanced feedstocks, conversion technologies, and sustainability practices. By providing a concise overview of recent developments, this review aims to guide future research and policy interventions for a sustainable biofuels industry.Top of Form

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Medicinal plants are invaluable natural resources with diverse therapeutic properties, deeply intertwined with human health and well-being. However, their sustainable utilization and conservation present significant challenges in the face of increasing demand, habitat loss, and overexploitation. This paper examines the sustainable utilization and conservation challenges of medicinal plants, addressing issues such as overharvesting, habitat degradation, and indigenous knowledge protection. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, the paper explores strategies for promoting sustainable harvesting practices, enhancing community involvement, and integrating traditional knowledge with modern conservation efforts. Additionally, it discusses the economic, social, and ecological implications of medicinal plant conservation, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between stakeholders and the need for holistic approaches to ensure the long-term viability of medicinal plant resources. By recognizing the challenges and opportunities inherent in the sustainable utilization and conservation of medicinal plants, this paper aims to inform policy-making, guide conservation initiatives, and promote the preservation of these invaluable natural treasures for future generations.

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Medicinal plants have played a vital role in Indian culture and traditional healthcare systems for thousands of years. This paper explores medicinal plants' significance in daily Indian life. It delves into their historical, cultural, and practical applications in promoting health and wellness, addressing common ailments, and enhancing overall quality of life. Through a comprehensive review of literature and case studies, the paper highlights the multifaceted value of medicinal plants and discusses the economic, social, and environmental implications of their utilization. It emphasizes the need for sustainable practices and conservation efforts to ensure their continued integration into daily routines for the benefit of present and future generations.

ABSTRACT

The evolution of robotics in industries reflects a trajectory of technological advancements and theoretical breakthroughs. From the early stages of industrial robotics to the anticipated developments in the mid-21st century, this Paper discuss the progression and potential of robotics within industrial contexts. Initially rooted in stationary hydraulic arms and statistical formulas for vision programs, industrial robotics underwent significant transformations, driven by innovations such as microprocessor-controlled manipulators and autonomous mobile robots. The emergence of consumer-oriented robots capable of navigating environments and executing household tasks portends a future where universal robots with lizard-like minds become commonplace by 2030. Further projections suggest the advent of second-generation robots with trainable capabilities resembling those of mice, followed by third-generation robots with sophisticated mental faculties akin to monkeys by 2040. These future iterations promise to integrate physical, cultural, and psychological factors, enabling robots to learn through simulation-based rehearsals and develop consciousness. By melding powerful reasoning programs with advanced machines, fourth-generation robots may attain human-like intellectual prowess, reshaping industrial landscapes and propelling automation to unprecedented levels of efficiency and adaptability.

Introduction :- In India, the story of women's empowerment is closely connected to the emergence of self-help groups (SHGs). In rural Madhya Pradesh, this phenomenon is especially poignant, as women have historically faced restricted social mobility and limited economic opportunities, leading to their marginalisation. This paper examines the effectiveness of SHGs in promoting women's entrepreneurial ventures in districts of Madhya Pradesh. It explores the varying impact of these groups in different socio-economic contexts, highlighting similarities and differences.

ABSTRACT

In recent years, millets have surged in popularity due to their nutritional richness, environmental sustainability, and cultural significance. This article explores policy initiatives aimed at promoting millets, focusing on government support, policy frameworks, and the roles of NGOs and the private sector. Governments globally, including India, have acknowledged millets' potential to address food security and malnutrition. Initiatives like India's National Mission for Protein Supplements (NMPS) provide financial assistance and infrastructure support to farmers. State-level schemes, such as Karnataka's Siridhanya Yojana and Telangana's Millets Mission, incentivize millet cultivation through subsidies and technical aid. Policy support is crucial for encouraging millet cultivation and strengthening value chains. Minimum Support Price (MSP) systems ensure fair prices for farmers, while government procurement schemes stabilize markets and enhance access. Investments in processing infrastructure and input subsidies further support millet value chains and farmer livelihoods. NGOs and the private sector complement government efforts by promoting sustainable practices and driving innovation. Organizations like ICRISAT collaborate with farmers, researchers, and governments to develop improved millet varieties and strengthen market linkages. The private sector contributes to product diversification and market expansion, catering to the rising demand for healthy foods.

ABSTRACT

Veda signifies wisdom. Various branches of science Geometry and logic, cognition, Medical, Physics and astronomy and other fields were all included in Vedic knowledge. However, Ancient India science not only based on the Vedas but also on their appendices, called as the Vedangas (i.e., shiksha, phonetics, chhandas, metrical structures, etymology, nirukta, grammar, vyakarana, and astronomy, and kalpa, conduction of ritual with its basis in geometry, mathematics, and calendrics). Another branch of the Vedas is Ayurveda. It is recognized as the Atharva Veda's upaveda. In Ayurveda, daily and seasonal routines, dietary and social codes of conduct, and the use of Rasayana are all addressed as means to this end. One of Ayurveda's comprehensive disciplines, rasayana, involves the specialized use of herbs, herbomineral formulations, food items, lifestyle, self-discipline, and social etiquette to achieve the optimal state of the body's tissues and systems and minimize the impact of etiological factors on the body. The ancient Ayurvedic tridosha theory is the source of Plato's three elements theory in Greek medicine: the gall, the wind, and the phlegm. In Ayurveda, to enhance Medha, or Intelligence, both Vata and Kapha Doshas have to be balanced. The fire element, or Pitta Dosha, is crucial for raising IQ and mental acuity. Ayurveda makes reference to both individual drugs and a class of pharmaceuticals known as "Medhya Rasayanas" in the Charaka Samhita aims to achieve this goal by balancing the Tridosha. Every medical system places emphasis on curing disease; but, in Ayurveda, maintaining and keeping health is the primary goal of health care plans, with disease treatment always coming second.

ABSTRACT

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is rapidly evolving and holds significant promise for revolutionizing radiology practice. This paper presents an overview of the current status and future potential of XAI in radiology. We discuss the importance of XAI in enhancing transparency, interpretability, and trustworthiness in AI-driven decision-making processes within the radiological domain. Various XAI techniques, including visual explanations, textual descriptions, and example-based explanations, are examined in the context of their applications and limitations in radiology. Moreover, we explore emerging trends such as the integration of biological explanations and causal relationships into XAI frameworks. The paper underscores the need for collaborative efforts to define evaluation criteria and prioritize aspects crucial for the development of personalized XAI solutions tailored to the needs of clinicians, radiologists, and patients, while adhering to regulatory standards. By actively engaging in the direction of XAI, the radiology community can shape a future where AI-driven technologies optimize diagnostic accuracy, improve patient outcomes, and facilitate informed clinical decision-making.

 

ABSTRACT

Quality of education is at the heart of National Education Policy -20 (NEP-20). This paper draws a parallel between objectives and guidelines of NEP-20 and ancient Indian gurukul type of learning system. There is a lot common in both systems. Development in technology and computing technique has now made it more convenient to implement good of both systems in words and spirit. Curriculum has to be made very dynamic with an effective feedback mechanism and continuous upgrading system with all the stake holder i.e. teacher, learner, industry, technology and society an integral of the system. The paper brings out various aspects which will help in effective change over.

 

ABSTRACT

Nowadays many water resources are polluted by anthropogenic sources including household and agricultural waste and industrial processes. Public concern over the environmental impact of wastewater pollution has increased. Several conventional wastewater treatment techniques, i.e. chemical coagulation, adsorption, activated sludge, have been applied to remove the pollution, however there are still some limitations, especially that of high operation costs. The use of aerobic waste water treatment as a reductive medium is receiving increased interest due to its low operation and maintenance costs. In addition, it is easy-to-obtain, with good effectiveness and ability for degrading contaminants. This paper reviews the use of waste water treatment technologies to remove contaminants from wastewater such as halogenated hydrocarbon compounds, heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and herbicides, which represent the main pollutants in wastewater.

ABSTRACT

The current study's objective is to evaluate the district of Bilaspur's ambient air quality. The data collected has been calculated to determine the Air Quality Index (AQI) on a five-point scale for quantifying air pollution. This index is based on measuring parameters like sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), respirable suspended particulate matter (PM10), and total suspended particulate matter (TSPM) at designated locations such as residential areas, marketable areas, and business crossings. The status of the air quality has been estimated at each point, as shown by the air quality scale. According to the study, marketable regions and commercial crossings have the highest air quality indicator values, while domestic areas have the lowest levels.

ABSTRACT

After World War-II, the microwave engineering and technology have been developed a lot and opened several tremendous dimensions and scopes for the advancement in the field of Defence, microwave & Digital Communications, Satellite Communication, Computer & Information technologies. Microwave is an important component of Medical Science, Industrial and Defence growth of the country. For fast working of weapons, Defence needs Radar, Missiles and many other areas like Microwave Antenna, Microwave Ovens, Microwave Cellular Phones and Remote Sensing etc. All such activities are being pushed at a great speed. With the growth of Microwave Integrated Circuits (MICs) new technique has been developed with the emergence of computer science, engineering and technology with the recent advances in microwave communication system. High frequency signals can be sent to any corner of the universe. With the growth of digital communication our country moving very fast, new techniques are being designed where high frequency signal can be employed to control the propagation of waves through planar transmission line technology such as stripline, microstripline, coplanar waveguides and their variants. The most useful structure is micro stripline where metal strip conductor is separated from a ground plane by a layer of dielectric substrate. It is useful to convey high frequency signal of giga hertz range. It is also useful in high-speed digital printed circuit board designs. When two microstripline structures are placed parallel to each other in close proximity, a natural coupling exists between them forming a microstripline coupler. The characteristic impedance, propagation constant and coupling coefficients are the important characteristic parameters of this structure which are useful for the study of Directivity of the coupler, Reflection coefficient and Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR). The flow of energy in these two lines in the same direction constitutes even-mode and odd-mode when flow is in opposite direction. These parameters of the coupler are the functions of geometry of the structure and operating frequency. The incident and reflected parts of the waves form the Standing Waves having several maxima and minima. The ratio of maximum voltage to the minimum voltage constitutes the VSWR. The VSWR is related with characteristic impedance and reflection coefficients for even and odd-modes of wave propagation. These parameters of the coupler are the functions of geometry of the structure and frequency of the signal. The present paper aims at the study of VSWR and frequency control over it. The frequency of the signal plays significant role in the design of the directional coupler, Filters, resonators etc in the Giga Hertz range of frequency.

ABSTRACT

This exploration composition deals with the study of quality of pond water. We were collect Pond water samples from 22 villages of District of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh (India) in triplet. Samples were anatomized for physico- chemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids( TDS), temperature, saltiness and dissolved oxygen( DO). pH ranged from6.50 –9.69, Electrical Conductivity ranged from118.7 –206.6 μmhos/ cm, TDS ranged from165.5 –254.8 ppm, Temperature ranged from20.9 –33.8 °C, saltiness ranged from5.1 –6.9 ppt, Dissolved oxygen ranged from2.41 –4.8 mg/l. Correlation measure( r) was set up significant at p<0.05 position for the tasted parameters. The result of the proposed study will establish some data about the use of water for colorful purposes like domestic and husbandry.

ABSTRACT

Energy and environmental concerns, new paradigms for urban mobility and transportation increased in the past few years. The interest in Light Electric Vehicles has been catching up rapidly. Electrically Power Assisted Cycles or electric hybrid bicycle received a great deal of attention as it proves ease to the rider while riding. Electric hybrid bicycle is one that is suitable for general-purpose commuting. Electrically Power Assisted Cycles enables substantially longer distance power assist cycling. Several efforts have been made in order to improve its performance in terms of autonomy, weight, aesthetic and feeling with the rider. In this paper, hybrid electric bicycle developed by a team of engineering students as a part of their project is presented.  The paper gives the methodology adopted, selection criteria of various components, their specifications and performance of the developed bicycle.

ABSTRACT

India's rural areas now account for more than 573 villages and more than 70% of the country's population, making it a sizable consumer products market, who not only buy fast moving goods in a village market, but also mostly from urban outlets. FMCG has become a significant product segment for rural consumers. Companies that promote FMCG to consumers in rural areas cannot simply expand their general marketing tactics for rural consumers. Instead, they must develop solutions specifically for rural areas. They must comprehend critical difficulties with rural consumer behavior and, more precisely, issues connected to various geographical areas of the nation during this procedure. Understanding the elements that influence, Bhopal district rural FMCG purchases is the main goal of this essay. An empirical study was done in Bhopal district in Madhya Pradesh, to determine the main affecting factors. 24 important variables were grouped into five categories using analysis of variance with their correlation (influencing factors). The most important factor affecting the trust factor has revealed as the influence of retailer recommendations.

ABSTRACT

This article discusses usefulness of hydro sets in maintaining grid voltage by operating in synchronous condenser mode (SCO) by easily delivering or absorbing reactive power (Q) from it, particularly during lean periods of hydrological cycle when water level in the dam is low. Broad Contours of process of transferring and operating the set in (SCO) mode are given along with some practical data from sites.

ABSTRACT

Unwanted patches of impurity in the water make it difficult to maintain the cleanliness and quality of the water. Fruit waste from bananas was employed to create a hospitable bio- absorptive surface for absorption of contaminants of waterless results. Before it was utilised in the treatment of artificial water, it was cleaned, cutted, dried based in greasepaint of strainer sized 170-312 m. Important factors like pH, colour, odour, alkalinity, hardness, residual free chlorine, turbidity, total dissolved solids, chloride, fluoride, sulphate, essence ions, dissolved oxygen, natural oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and heavy essence are calculated prior to and following the processing of water through bioabsorbent. In addition to showing accurate results for criteria, bioabsorbent was designed to particularly successful in removing iron and arsenic and iron particle in predetermined state, with values of 20.35 and 20.13. This method offers genuinely inexpensive solution to one of the world's most difficult problems.

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In transportation sector, there are two primary justifications for using alternative fuels. One is to lessen our reliance on petroleum fuel, the other one is reduction of emissions from on-road cars. In diesel engine cars, biodiesel has been demonstrated to cut down the exhaust emissions. Particular attention should be paid to this in inner-city locations where rigorous environmental rules, such as EURO standards, are in effect. The fatty acid composition of biodiesel fuels was found to have a considerable impact on emissions in the literature. The coconut oil can be utilised to enhance the properties of coconut biodiesel because it has a greater cetane value and a lower iodine value. So, the purpose of the current experimental analysis was to examine the effects of mixing various amounts of coconut biofuels with water. To increase the uniqueness and dependability of the research, experiments were conducted. The study made use of a Kirloskar single-cylinder diesel engine (Model TV-1). Three different mixtures of the coconut oil and water were created to form the emulsion. The three separate blends, DCW10, DCW20, and DCW30, were created by combining Coconut Oil and Water Emulsion in various amounts viz. 10%, 20%, and 30%, respectively with Diesel fuel. On the basis of comparison under various loads operating situations, performance and emission characteristics results were examined to comprehend the behavior of the aforementioned biodiesel blends.  From the result analysis, it is concluded that the biodiesel of coconut oil and water blends reduces emissions from the diesel engine, but simultaneously it affects the performance parameters of the engine.

ABSTRACT

Tourism is playing an important role in the development of infrastructure of both international and national economies. Today tourism is the second largest industry in the whole world, the first being the oil industry. Rural Tourism is a living example of how tourism can transform a village and provide meaningful employment to the local community at the local level.  Tourism is an important source of income and employment and contributes significantly to the GDP of countries. The global contraction of tourism arrivals due to COVID-19 has had a devastating impact around the world. The paper focuses on the study of the effects of Rural Tourism in (Ladpura Khas) Madhya Pradesh for visitors and tourists on the tourism industry due to COVID-19.

Central and state government universities in India have been quite inadequate in numbers against the educational needs of the large population and so the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of higher education also remained much lesser than required. In order to cope up with the situation, government decided to allow opening of private universities and achieve 30% GER by 2020, with the result a number of private universities opened in last two decades and now the GER has gone up to about 28% as compared to about 18% in 2000 and Private Universities constitute 40% of the total number of universities in India and their number still continues to increase. Positive growth of private universities is, therefore, now an important issue for India if it has to achieve bigger targets of quality and quantity in higher education. Development of a private university is not only in the hands of the Management of that university but depends on many other stake holders like Regulatory Bodies, State & Central Government, Students Industries and Society by and large, who are also responsible. However the initiative always lies with the management of the University. If all stake holders also contribute positively then private universities can perform even better than their government counterparts as, in the case of private universities, decision taking and implementation mechanism could be a little faster due to inherent nature of a private set up. Appointment of right kind of human resources i.e. Vice-Chancellor, Registrar, Dean academic, Teaching Staff etc is a key issue which provides a base or foundation for quality teaching learning. Growth is further dependent on faculty development, facilities, infrastructure like library, ICT structure, labs and other facilities, academic and research culture, environment and motivation available. Branding gets a boost also by the kind of innovation Ecosystem University has, entrepreneurial development it provides, skills and employability it generates and image of the University created among alumni, students and staff. HRD Ministry has drawn 5 years Vision Plan on Quality Education (EQUIP) which focuses on 10 areas and an environment of transforming higher education for new India is building in which private universities are expected to play a key role. However, there are lots of challenges for a private university, if it has to contribute significantly in improving educational landscape. This paper gives some salient aspects of these challenges and how can private universities turn them into opportunities.

The global warming is leading to climate change which has emerged as one of the most severe challenges of 21st century.  The main cause of global warming is the emission of green house gases (GHG) in the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burnt and another issue is the fast depletion of fossil fuel deposits. The solution lies in avoiding/minimizing the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy by promoting and adopting the use of renewable sources of energy. Also, there is tremendous scope of research in the field of renewable energy for various applications.  In view of this, a research project was undertaken in the Rabindranath Tagore University   to develop a working model of a standalone windmill driven pumping system to lift water for optimum irrigation. The development was comprised of the centrifugal pump in the first stage and reciprocating pump in the second stage and then compares the outcome of two types of pumps. The emphasis is to develop the cost effective pumping system based on simple technology.

Every turbine is designed for specific site condition (head, discharge and speed). For high heads and low discharge values, Pelton turbines are mostly used. Variation in head and discharge causes variation in performance of turbines. Earlier only experimental techniques were used to optimize the design of turbo-machine and check their performance at designed and off design conditions. With the advances in numerical techniques and computational power, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has proved to be boon in designing and predicting the performance of turbo-machine at all possible operating regimes. With the help of CFD, not only global parameters can be found out but local parameters which are not possible experimentally can be found out. In present work, flow analysis of a six jet Pelton turbine model has been done using multi phase flow. Numerical results are compared with available model test results at the best efficiency point. The effect of mesh size, turbulence model and time step is also studied.

This paper presents an efficient technique for optimum load shedding in an uncertain or dynamic power system network. If the normal control actions to improve the voltage stability are exhausted then the load shedding option works as the last line of defence to get the desired stability margin in power systems, hence it enables the system to withstand under worst loading conditions. In this paper a sensitivity index has been used to get the optimal buses on which load to be shed at heavy load conditions to get the desired value of voltage stability. An optimization problem aiming to minimize the load shedding at selected buses while satisfying all the inequality constraints to ensure the optimal power flow in the system has been developed in this paper. The load shedding is done on such buses whose sensitivity is higher. Black Hole algorithm has been used for optimum load to be shed at selected load bus. The proposed technique is implemented on IEEE 30 bus test system.

The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of the Staphylococcus aureus, on the titanium foam. . It has been attempted to fabricate the foam with different pore size like 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% with different volume fraction of used space holder cenosphere through powder metallurgy route. According to many research papers porosity plays an important role as bio implant material. It has been prepared different size titanium pellets i.e.15mm and 12mm   to see the effect of the surface area of the fabricated sample of implant material. Recently, In medical field, solid implant material is in use like Titanium, Steel, Ni-Titanium rod but due to the lack of porosity these implant material does not perform well osseointegration. It has been attempted to observe the roll of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in the above said fabricated titanium foam. It has been found that porosity in this foam played the key role as it worked as transporter. Foam has greater pores i.e.80% is more sensitive to develop the bacteria while 50% porous titanium foam is less sensitive meanwhile another sized porous titanium foam had been showed moderate capability of growing the bacteria. Through the all physical, mechanical, chemical and biological observation, titanium foam can be beneficial for the future use. It can be helpful in medical field as cheap and light weight implant material.

Current microarray information mining techniques, for example, grouping, characterization and affiliation investigation vigorously depend on measurable and machine learning calculations for examination of vast arrangements of quality articulation information. Lately, there has been a developing enthusiasm for techniques that endeavors find designs considering numerous however related information sources. As of late, there has been relating to nursing blast inside the rate of obtaining of biomedical information. In this paper, we have a top to bottom investigation of the fluctuated information mining systems. It can demonstrate how hereditary calculations can be utilized to streamline the information mining calculations. The report at that point gives a prologue to sub-atomic science and Bioinformatics. At that point the investigation of the microarray exploratory examination and the utilization of grouping methods will retrieve the microarray information. The report fundamentally illustrates the part of the bunching examination to bunch qualities into gatherings of comparable character. A huge number of tests for every quality are produced by microarray try and bunching of these qualities can be viably used to assemble these qualities into ailment causing qualities and typical qualities and to think about the different attributes of various qualities under various conditions. Those qualities can be utilized for sedate treatment after acknowledging the reaction of the qualities, attributes to drugs, making ready for conclusion of hopeless infections like Alzheimer's ailment, AIDS, etc. This can be an advantage on utilizing recognized systems hidden organic procedures, for example, development and maturing and to track the procedure of our advancement. The investigation of microarray trial examination and the utilization of grouping procedures may mine microarray information. Those reports fundamentally illustrate the part of the bunching examination to bunch qualities into gatherings of comparative character. Analyzed microarray out-turn created by a huge number of tests for every quality, bunching can be adequately used to amass these qualities into infection causing qualities and typical qualities and to consider the different attributes of various qualities under various conditions. Those qualities can be utilized for sedate treatment after acknowledging the reaction of the qualities of drugs preparing for the findings of the sicknesses hopeless till date.

Currently, plastic lined pipes are used for water injection lines. The pipes are welded using the “weld link” method and are installed by the reeling method. However, for deep water, reeling method is not efficient and if using the “weld link” method for pipe line techniques the production time and installation cost will dramatically increase because there is a joint every 25m  - 50m.The   PBJ to allow shorter pipe sections to be joined at a faster rate and to reduce the installation cost. The results also revealed that both Single wire GMAW and Tandem GMAW can be used to weld the steel pipe incorporating the PBJ with Aero gel blanket of 2.5mm and 5.5mm nominal thickness without deforming the PBJ under the conditions used in the trials

The hydro-turbines are used in hydropower plants to convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. There are different types of turbines, mainly Pelton, Kaplan, and Francis. Further, there are some variants of each type of turbine. The hydraulic parameters, power grid requirement geological conditions etc. differ from one site to another which makes each hydropower project, a unique. Hence, selection of turbine to suit a specific site is a specialized job and need utmost considerations. The selection criterion of hydro turbine are discussed in this paper.

Fused Deposition modelling (FDM) is the most promising field of additive manufacturing technology. In fused deposition modelling method polymer filament is melted inside the extruder and extruded material were deposited one above another to manufacture product. In FDM process filament feed rate, heat sink fins, extrusion rate, nozzle diameter, pressure drop inside the extruder and temperature distribution are the parameters on which performance were depends. Here in this paper, it review the FDM process evolution and development in FDM process use as commercial 3D printing technique and also investigate the different process parameters on which the performance of 3D printer depends. This paper also reviews the dynamic analysis that is considered for the liquefier during working of FDM process.

Diesel-powered construction equipment is the primary source of Green House Gas (GHG) and exhaust emissions during the construction stage of a large infrastructure project. The equipment pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) endanger people’s health and surrounding environment. A critical review and analysis of factors affecting the amounts of construction emissions is conducted through literature review and a case study, four categories of factors including equipment and conditions, equipment maintenance, operating conditions, and equipment operations are reviewed. A case study is made on 14 wheel loaders with different makes and capacities with accumulated weekly data with the aim of determining the impact of emission factors on the weekly equipment emissions. It is found that equipment engine power, equipment conditions, and equipment operator skills are significant factors on average fuel consumption and emissions in the case study. Based on the findings from current research literature and the case study, some recommendations are made on how to reduce fuel consumptions as well as pollutant emissions for contractors and other equipment owning organizations.

The significance of this present investigation undertakes the feasibility study of a new combination of bio-fuels. For this rationale; the diesel engine operated with blends of Jatropha biodiesel, karanja biodiesel with a view to completely eliminate dependency on fossil fuel. Jatropha biodiesel (methyl ester) andkaranja biodiesel is a low and high viscosity fuels combination with comparable heating values to that of diesel; this makes conducive for its use in a diesel engine. Extensive experimental work is carried out on a Kirloskar make the single cylinder, natural aspired diesel engine to examine combustion performance and emission characteristics using Jatropha methyl ester with karanja methyl ester blends (dual fuel blends. Dual fuel blends are found to be the best substitute to conventional diesel fuel in all aspects such as performance and emissions. Further, BT 50 resulted at full load condition, reduction of 2.9%, 4.72%, 4.56%, 42.5% and 29.16% in the brake thermal efficiency, NOx, HC, CO and smoke respectively while CO2 emissions increase 10.7%.

When the green revolution was done in 1960, then there were a lot of increase in agricultural products, but use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides also gets increase. Due to which soil acidity is increase day by day, cause infertility of soil, that’s why today’s need to stop this problem is vermicomposting. Earthworm plays an important role in the recycling of waste of college. College waste consist of weed, grass, twigs obtained by pruning, tree droppings (leaves), food waste generated by home science lab and other degradable waste by all labs. It is eco friendly technique to manage college waste. vermicomposts are defined as organic matter of plant and/or animal origin consisting mainly of finely-divided earthworm castings, produced non-thermophilically with bio-oxidation and stabilization of the organic material, due to interactions between aerobic microorganism and earthworms, as the materials pass through the earthworm gut. We observe many benefits of this technique. It increases nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, Ca, Mg in soil. It increases soil fertility. Earthworm mix and spread humus and soil in all layers. Due to activities of earthworm, soil become porous, which do aeration properly and it increase water holding capacity of soil. Increase useful bacteria in soil. Weed less grow in soil which rich in vermicompost.

A brief review of various techniques used for cooling of solar Photovoltaic panels is presented.  The operating temperature of PV module is an important parameter which influences the performance of PV panel. A small portion of solar energy is converted into electrical energy whereas major part of solar energy gets converted into heat which raises the temperature of panels and consequentially reduces efficiency. The reverse saturation current of a solar cell increases rapidly with temperature which decreases the cell voltage.

Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to remediate the contaminants present in soil, water, air, land etc. Heavy metals are hazardous to plants, animals and human beings etc. Heavy metals like Cadmium (Cd), Lead(Pb), Chromium(Cr), Arsenic (As), Uranium(Ur), radionuclides are harmful and damages anatomical features of plants animals and human beings. Processes and mechanism of Phytoremediation are Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Rhizofiltration, Phytodegradation, Phytostimulation etc. Heavy metals at very low concentration effect very less but at slight higher concentration effect the Phytoremediator plants, shows the morphological effect like decrease in leaf number, leaf area, chlorosis, reduction's in root and shoot lengths, slight increase and then decrease of dry weight of plant and its aerial parts. Hyperaccumulator plants tolerate a wide range of heavy metals .Brassica juncea(Mustard), Solanum Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Sunflower (Helianthus annus), Eicchornea crassipes (Water  hyacinth) studied as hyperaccumulator plants.

In this study a novel distribution function is discussed to study the wind speed characteristics and wind turbine characteristics. This paper focuses on the study of estimation of wind resource potential and wind turbine characteristics at higher hub height. A detailed wind resource assessment analysis and selection of wind turbine are discussed for estimating capacity factor and harnessing maximum wind power at Mamatkheda. The selection procedures of the efficient wind turbine (WT) of (class II) for the site, according to IEC 61400, are fully investigated.  This study also reveals that the Mamatkheda has a high wind potential which result in significant increase in AEP.