This is probably for the first time in the history of education, that all the institutions, almost all over the world, were closed down for around 6 months i.e. March to Aug 2020, due to Covid-19 pandemic. Online education was put to acid test in all higher education institutions during the locked down period. Unpreparedness and nonavailability of contingency plan in case of conventional system collapsed became biggest hurdle when switch over to online mode was done. In this crucial Covid period it was realized that there is need to do a lot, to restructure the current higher education system by introducing greater share of online education and skill development in the curriculum. It was also realized that online education is a different cup of tea and not simply converting notes in to pdf or uploading videos or making a slide show or replicating face to face format in to online system. A great deal of learning science and digital pedagogy in needed. Unfortunately, earlier, even for conventional system in initial stages no formal training of teachers was available, and it matured with time only, but now online education is coming to stay with bigger share, is a new system, so the need is stronger for formal training of faculty on online pedagogy, at national and regional level, by establishing academies/training institutes. The New Education Policy (NEP 20) has overlooked this critical need and left to normal FDP methodology which has not proved so successful in the past. The other weak areas are standardization of format, process and technology, time and resource management to overcome cost enhancement due to new norms of social distancing and expensive online systems and virtual labs. The most critical area needing attention in online system is also quality of online examination and assessment. This paper examines various aspects of higher education in pre Covid and post Covid period in India and provides an overview of what needs to be done.

The paper gives a brief overview of electric power system and role of power transformers. The faults in transformers and their protections will be briefly discussed. The damages caused by the occurrence of fault due to some abnormal conditions resulting in consequential severe damages. The root cause of the damage is normally established by conducting various tests at low voltage.  A special case will be discussed when due to extensive damages to the transformer; it is not possible to conduct low voltage tests. The paper will explain as to how the cause of damage is established by very minute study of the type and extent of damages.    

India’s growth in Power generation has been spectacular over the past several years. Apart from conventional Hydro and Thermal Power, the non-conventional Solar and wind Power have greatly contributed to this upsurge. There is however some technical issues related to the practices generally being followed or otherwise, in the operation of these plants particularly for hydro which need attention. This paper attempts to bring out and discuss these issues. While doing so, concepts involved are also touched to enable the Power Station engineers to fully appreciate these issues for implementation to reap maximum benefits of the asset they have been entrusted with for operation.

N-(arylmethylene)-4-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (3a-e) were synthesised  from 4-(naphthalen-2-yl)thiazol-2-amine (1) on reaction with different hetero aryl aldehydes (2a-e). The compounds (3a-e) then react with phenyl isocyanate and formed 3-aryl-6-(naphthalen-2-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-thiazolo[3,2-a][1,3,5]triazine-4(3H)-thione (4a-e).The structures of all the synthesised compounds were characterized by elemental and spectroscopies method. All the schiff bases (3a-e) and thiazole-triazinederivatives (4a-e) examined for their antifungal activity,which show that all the compounds have good antifungal activity.

As the world is going through covid-19 pandemic, the education industry has got shattered. To lift the economy and maintain the continuous process of education, many institutes have taken a rout of web-based learning. This new process has been carried out using multiple online sources. This paper will analyze the effect of web-based learning for management student. How effective online education is, and will be it more beneficial if online education is continued in future. The primary research is carried out through questionnaire method and the data has been collected of 100 management students. Students’ satisfaction level adopting on the new way of learning has been analyzed in this paper.

The paper deals with the conventional sources of energy viz. fossil fuels, hydro and nuclear to generate electricity along with the historical development of electric power system comprising of power generation, transmission, and utilization. The growth of conventional electric power in India will be discussed. The depleting fossil fuel deposits and serious climate change concerns due to the emission of green house gases caused by the burning of fossil fuels have compelled to adopt the environment friendly renewable sources of energy. The paper gives evolution of renewable sources of energy and its present status. Finally, the futuristic renewable energy technologies have been briefly discussed.

Coal preparation is the removal of mineral matter from the Run-of-Mine (ROM) coal by employing separation processes which are able to differentiate between the physical and surface properties of coal and the mineral matter. Through coal preparation, a uniform product is obtained. Coal is prepared for its utilization in carbonization, combustion, gasification, liquefaction etc. plants. The selection of the logical separation process is based on  laboratory studies of the run – of – mine coal known as wash ability studies viz. size distribution, yield curve, cumulative float curve, cumulative sink curve, partition tromp curve. Through coal preparation, extraneous non combustible materials are reduced besides lower emission of particulates and reduction in ash handling problems in thermal power stations. Lower in SOx, NOx and carbon emissions as also reduction in transportation costs per unit and improvement in heat guaranteed. Due to consistent quality of washed coal, the plant efficiency will improve. Also due to lower green house gas emission, reduction in global warming is achieved. The cost of washed coal will enhance. Coarse coal cleaning (particle size > 0.5 mm) was discussed using gravity based and surface properties based methods. Dry separation processes such as electrical and magnetic properties based processes were narrated.

Electronic learning offers many methods which decreases the limitations of traditional education. E-learning appeals to organizations that a strong need or desire to deliver consistent training across multiple locations. Today’s new economy is characterized by industrial change, globalization,  knowledge sharing and information technology revolution thus, traditional classrooms do not satisfy the needs of new world of lifelong learning. This paper aims to provide a discussion about the satisfaction level of students among E-learning and employees among work from home by online mechanism. This study examines the evidence of the effectiveness of online learning by organizing and summarizing the findings and challenges of online learning into positive, negative, mixed and null findings. The research was Descriptive in nature and both primary and secondary data has been collected for this purpose. Taken as a whole, there is robust evidence to suggest online learning is generally at least as effective as the traditional format.

Renewable energy is finding increasing adoption in generation of electrical energy. One of the most widely used forms of renewable energy is wind; but utility scale WECS need a minimum average wind speed which is not available in most of the areas in India.  Hence, traditional WECS is unlikely to be economically viable due to inadequate power generation. Avante Garde has developed a small efficient horizontal wind turbine system with very low cut-in speed of 1.9 m/s and made it commercially available at a reasonable price. This paper discusses the horizontal axis WECS with permanent magnet synchronous generator and electronic convertor system for extracting the maximum power at a constant voltage and constant frequency. The WECS is simulated for a standalone application and its performance evaluated for Bhilai, Chhattisgarh.

This study is focusing Hoshiarpur in Punjab. Hoshiarpur is sub hilly and this region is generally called Kandi territory or semi-sloping region. This study is directed to discover the adequacy of advertising systems for expertise training in sub-mountain zones of Punjab. Improved advertising systems can cop up with the difficulties. Customary Marketing, print ads, for example, bulletins, boards, flyers and paper print advertisements and advanced marketing techniques can help in advancement of the significance of ability improvement training in rustic zones.

Coronovirus or COVID-19 is a family of viruses that causes a range of innocence in human including the common cough, cold and more severe forms like SARS and MERS which are life threatening.  With the increase of COVID-19 cases and death rate worldwide, the WHO declared the virus outbreak a pandemic in the second week of March 2020. The Coronovirus outbreak and the subsequent country wide lockdown deeply impacted the Indian Economy.  Majority of the companies are expecting a significant loss of revenue and jobs.  The most severely impacted sectors are aviation, automotive and sea food etc.  At the same time, many pharma companies are benefited due to huge demand for paracetomal and alike medicine.  These companies gained priority due to the pandemic. This pandemic has made the people realize the importance of life and medical insurance.   A lot of apps have been built in the past few months to help the people.

One of the renewable energy resources used worldwide is solar energy. Its availability varies from day to day and even within a day itself depending on season. Due to this variability, forecasting of solar PV power becomes necessary but also challenging. The reasonably accurate forecast is an important input to the state load dispatch centres for scheduling power generation by various sources of energy. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is widely used for such forecasting which involves training of the ANN using Bayesian Regularization and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms. The forecasting approaches endeavour to minimize the error.  In this paper, ANN based short term PV power forecasting algorithm is used to forecast solar PV power 6 hour ahead  using trial and error approach and to compare different training approaches to reach at an optimized ANN solution.    

A matrix converter is a converter with a single stage conversion comprising a group of nine switches connecting the three phase source to the load. Matrix Converter can transform inputs with constant amplitude, frequency, variable amplitude and variable frequency into three-phase outputs because it can generate any output frequency because of multiple inputs. The Matrix Converter has four intrinsic features, a powerful input power factor, no intermediate DC link for energy storage, high regenerative capacity, and improved power density, lightweight and robust features. It is a result of several innovations over the decades due to which has made matrix converter very versatile. This paper presents developments that have taken place in nine way matrix converter topologies and modulation, protection and diversified applications.

In the present business situation environmental issues and problems have become primary concern for the business. Having an environmentally balanced and supportive business has become a compulsion for every organization. Green marketing is one such policy that supports environment friendly business. Green marketing can effectively facilitate sustainable improvement globally. There has been an inclination in consumer mind for green life fashion. In the current study I have discussed significance and impact of green advertising. This paper describes the current scenario of Indian green advertising and its evolution.

Phytoremediation is a technology of the use of plants for remediation of contaminants from soil, water, air etc. It consists of the types and mechanisms like Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Phytovolatalization Phytodegradation, Rhizofiltration, Phytodesalination etc. Plants take heavy metals from soil solution into their roots, after entry into the roots the heavy metal ions can either be stored in roots or translocated to aerial parts through xylem vessel's where they are mostly deposited in vacoules and sequestered. Hyper accumulators are plants having a tendency and capacity to tolerate a wide range of contamination, heavy metals, sewage, radionuclides etc. Hyperaccumulators tolerate a wide range of heavy metals and concentrate them to aerial parts of plants. They are helpful in cleaning the environment, soil, water, air etc. They can tolerate heavy metal concentration Their role is to remediate contaminants present in soil and water by Phytoremediaton technology and it's mechanisms eg of Hyperaccumulator's Brassica juncea (Mustard), Solanum Lycopersicon or Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Helianthus annus (Sunflower), Eicchornea crassipes etc. High concentration of Heavy metal decrease in root length, shoot and aerial parts of plant suggests metal transferred from soil to aerial parts of plant with eradication of heavy metals shows high potential of Phytoremediation.

Information regarding COVID 19, its transmission, recovery time, treatment, its severity, types of food to be taken, weather condition’s effect, its nomenclature, temperature screening, its protection, deaths, dealing with dead bodies etc. were collected and compiled at one place for the benefit of the reader in a simple way. Maintaining mental health of the corona patients is extremely important. No complexity has been discussed. The various happenings from 22.03.2020 till 03.06.2020 were critically examined by subjecting them to SWOT analysis. The results show that the management of COVID 19 in India was very good. It was concluded that prevention is better than cure and for that immunity has to be boosted by each individual. For boosting the immunity, ways and means have been suggested. We all have to live and survive in presence of corona hence we all have to enhance our immunity, use masks, keep social distancing, wash hand with soap frequently, use sanitizer for hand rubs, drink golden milk, Karha, hot water drink, eat chyavanprash, moong-chana, honey, take sunbath, Vitamin C, pranayaam etc.

With time manufacturing industries are shifting to the places where labor charges are less but once the industry is set up the manufacturing cost starts increasing as with time there will be hike in charges of labors, raw material, transport, power, fuel, maintenance etc. these all will contribute in higher manufacturing cost. Manufacturing cost per unit will see continuous uptrend and that to sustain in this competitive market manufacturer cannot increase the selling cost, this results in reduction of the profit margin (percentage). Profit can be increased by two ways either by increasing selling price or by reducing manufacturing cost. The first option is not feasible therefore; to sustain in the competitive market the only option remain to work on manufacturing cost reduction. The big question arises how one can reduce manufacturing cost? The answer is by implementing lean manufacturing. Lean manufacturing and their tools is a perfect way to reduce wastages. Lean manufacturing works on elimination of non-value activities. Once non- value added activities get reduce automatically there will be increase in value added activities. Customer pays only for value added activities so keeping in this mind implementing lean manufacturing may become need for manufacturing industries. This paper includes information about lean manufacturing and lean tools, benefits of implementing lean manufacturing andsteps involved in implementatio.

In this time of economic recession, most managers or entrepreneurs have to confront many new job challenges which can easily turn into stressors. Job related stress is of rising concern because it badly affects the organization economically. Avoiding stress is not possible in today’s uncertain world but handling it in the proper manner that helps in producing positive returns rather than negative can certainly be learned. Stress has always been seen as a negative force causing pain, pressure and psychological threats to people. However, many studies highlighted that positive stress which is known as eustress leads to improved performance at work place and promotes professional development. Eustress produces positive feelings of enthusiasm, accomplishment, satisfaction, and well-being. It is said to be good because it makes one feel confident and energized by the challenges one experience from the pressures. Eustress is all about properly challenging oneself without consuming all the resources. This type of stress empowers one to succeed. This research paper shall throw light on how remodeling stress to eustress or encouraging positive stress at workplace can help employees stay motivated and productive. It will also suggest measures to handle stress effectively.

With the present pandemic situation, to continue the teaching-learning process, remote education and eLearning is essential. Content creation, content delivery, assessment and feedback are the fourpillars of the remote teaching-learning process.Learning management system (LMS) is an engine which powers the remote teaching-learning process by automating content delivery, assessment and feedback stages. Although LMS offers a set of advantages, there are some demerits of the same. Aftera detailed analysis of eLearning and keeping demerits of present LMS, SMARTx learning platform is developed by Mr. Ashish Hulle. It offers a lot of advantages over present LMS and hardly has any demerit. Detailed discussion on different LMS available, merits and demerits of available LMS software, SMARTx platforms and features of SMARTx platform has been carried out in this paper.

Gone are those days, when face to face interview was the principal opportunity one would get to establish a decent connect and deliver their best foot forward so as to ensure that the recruiter hires him/her. Or the time when, personalities were absolutely characterized by qualities seen on paper and, during interviews. Nowadays, when recruiter says, “Educate me about yourself”, the former is most likely to know you in and out through socially updated information. The particular study is an attempt to comprehend the role of social media platform in reshaping the recent talent acquisition process. 

Out of all the economic crises occurred in the last decades, Coronavirus is one of the most harmful incidents. The report represents all the possible evaluations of the impact of lockdown on local businesses. The condition during this pandemic is obvious to be substandard and the ambition to grow and develop is become pointless, then what will be the outcome of this research? And even why does such a report is constructing whose result is already known? The simple answer is "expectations", the report will evaluate comparative conditions of local business and will provide the different expectations regarding the new strategies, new growth pattern, new business models, innovations and many more things which will help the businesses to revitalize their economic as well as social conditions. It is become important for businesses to revise their strategies for sustainable growth. The report will show all possible impact in a proper structure, importance of businesses in the economy and different influences of lockdown. Comparing the before lockdown and after lockdown conditions. All possible and related data are Analyzed with structured outcomes and results. Analyzing the data results and the business strategies concerning expectations to form the picture which will help in formulating the future prediction regarding economic growth as the most important component of the economy is "business". Therefore the future growth supposition is paramount.

Culture has been defined in many different ways and by many different theorists. For instance, according to Geert et al (2010) It is a way to differentiate one group of people with the other Kotter and Heskett (1992) pointed out in their study that it is something that developsand evolves continuously and this can be assessed through various scientific studies conducted on human behavior over a period of time. It involves the beliefs, value systems and behaviors in practice in a society. Moreover, Deal and Kennedy (1982) also tried to define culture in short as the ways and means in whichpeople conduct themselves in the society. In fact whenever there are a set of a few people, there emerges certain internal culture which is quite complex and also unique at the same time. This culture leads to augment the cohesiveness among the members and develop bond amongst them so that they work well in a team. Definitely, this culture is developed and nurtured through leadership, organizational history and workforce.Culture in general and Organizational cultures in specific are complex in nature. Organizational cultures have a strong impact during the evolution of any organization. A right culture improves the cohesion among employees and also enhances the creativity within the employee. This in a long run improves the economic efficiency of any organization. Hence it is imperative to understand how organizational culture affects the employee’s behaviors.

A good organizational culture improves the efficiency of the people working in the organization by giving each other the right direction and a sense of duty, accountability and responsibility towards each other and brings out development of an enterprise where its employees are motivated and lead towards improved work performance and thereby to work towards the strategic goals of the company. This positive environment in the workplace then becomes the culture in the organization and such organizations reap benefits of the same.

A modified technique is introduced to understand the design of Integer order PID controller. Due to simple tuning rules, conventional PID controller has the great success with the automatic tuning feature and tables that simplify their design. The Integer order PID controller show better robustness performance with the comparison of PID control's experimental to Heating control system (HIL). In Integer order control, design of simulink model of control system can be designed more straight forwardly with specification based on frequency response which can be change continuously.

Data Density Has a Linear Relation With Fixed Size of Data and Non-Linear Relation With Variable Size of Data. It Is Challenging to Manage Variable Size Data With Variable Arrival Rate. Given a Node Capacity Where Arrival Rate Is Not In Control Then This Problem Becomes Further Challenging and Requires an Algorithmic Solution. This Research Undertakes Variable Size Data and Variable Rate of Arrival at a Node Capacity and Proposes an Arbitration Algorithm With Management of Node Dispatch Capacity Algorithm to Solve This Problem, Which Will Be Tested Against Knapsack Problem. This Work Has Numerous Industrial and Social Applications. Traffic Management For Emergency Vehicle Is One Such Challenge.

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The Proposed Work In This Paper Deals With the Congestion Problem In Deregulated Power System. Due to Congestion In a Deregulated Power System, Transmission System Is Unable to Accommodate or Transfer the Desired Power Transaction. This Problem Can Be Overcome By the Use of Flexible Ac Transmission Systems (Factss) Devices. Factss Devices Reduce the Flows of Power In Heavily Loaded Lines As a Result an Increased In Load Ability of the System. Moreover, It Will Improve the Stability of the System, Lowering Down the System Loss and Cost of Production. the Optimal Location For Installing Thyristor Controlled Series Compensators (Tcscs) Based Facts Devices Is Carried Out By Using Sensitivity Based Analysis Method. In This Paper Tcsc Optimal Location Is Determined By Using Real Power Performance Index, Reduction of Total System Var Power Losses and Based on Reduction of Total System Active Power Losses. Matlab Based Programming Platform Is Used For Validation of Proposed Work.

The Main Objective of the Study Was to Find Out the Mistakes Done By the Students In Factorization, Give the Remedial Teaching and to Compare the Mean Score of Pre Remedial Test or Diagnostic Test and Post Remedial Test or Posttest In the Unit of Factorization. In the Present Study Researcher Select the School With Purposive Sampling Technique. on the Basis of Diagnosis Test 35 or Below Scorer Students Were Selected For the Remedial Teaching. Out of 60 Students 32 Students Were Included For Remedial Teaching In the Unit of Factorization. Researcher Formed a Diagnosis Test to Find Out the Mistakes. Researcher Measure the Effectiveness of Remedial Teaching With the Use of Posttest Which Is Formed on the Basis of Content of Factorization. In the Present Study Researcher Used Experimental Research Method and “Single Group Pretest-Posttest Experimental Design.” As Research Design. Researcher Used T-Test For the Comparison of Pretest and Posttest of the Students. Students Were Done Mistakes In Various Formula Like, (X + A) (X + B) = X2 + (X + B) X + Ab, (X+A) (X-A) = X2 – A2 , (X ± A)2 = X2 ±2Xa + A2 and (A + B + C)2 = A2 +B2 + C2 +2Ab +2Bc + 2Ca. As Per Result, Remedial Teaching Is Effective For the Better Understanding the Various Formulas and Concept Clarity of Factorization In Mathematics.

This research paper is the outcome of a study of Visual Merchandising Elements of an apparel retail store and their impact on behaviour of customers. It is an attempt to identify the most appealing elements of VM. The general purpose of Visual Merchandisin650g is to attract, invite, educate and motivate the customers to purchase merchandise being sold in the store. Visual Merchandising Elements have been categorised nt two major segments External VM Elements and Interior VM Elements. Exterior VME comprises of Graphics Signages, Window Display setting, Merchandise presentation, Parking facility, Brand name logo and Façade of the store. However Interior VME comprises of Store layout, theme, color, music, temperature, lighting, mannequin styling, product display, cleanliness, Furniture, Smell, Cash Counter, Floor directory and Trial room. For this study on impact of above mentioned VME, four leading MBOs of India were selected which are Fashion at Big Bazar (FBB), Lifestyle, Shoppers stop and Reliance Trends. All these four retailers are department stores dealing into multiple brands, offer both apparels and accessories and have presence pan India through their multiple outlets in various cities. The Store size and offered brands and merchandise quantity being similar in all the stores of these brands make them perfect competitors targeting the same customer group. Hence Visual Merchandising of these stores is comparable. Secondary data was used for formulating list of VME and primary data was collected from 500 samples, to study impact of these VME through self-developed and self-administered questionnaire. The Likert scale was used to record the level of influence of VME from ‘Strongly Agree’ to ‘Strongly Disagree’. Collected data was analysed and it was found that 80 sample agreed with the influence of VME on their behaviour. Also the most influencing External VMEs were found to be Window Display setting and Merchandise on Display. On the other hand, the most influencing Internal VMEs were found to be creative product display and mannequin styling.

Diabetes Is a Long Term Organ Disorder That Occurs When the Level of Blood Sugar Is Huge As Pancreas Does Not Produce Enough Insulin In Body or Alternatively, Cells Do Not React Well to Insulin. Diabetic Retinopathy (Dr) Is the Critical and Most Common Eye Related Disease Which Arises on Diabetic Patients. It Appear When the Blood Vessels of Retina Started to Swell and Leaks Blood That at Last Became Major Source of Vision Loss. Early Retinal Screening Is the Best Solution to Prevent from Diabetic Retinopathy. In This Paper We Present an Image Retrieval Method Which Find and Retrieve the Patient’S Retina Image from the Database of Normal and Dr Affected Images. a Retrieval Process Will Be Developed By Extracting Image’S Features By Using Discrete Wavelet Transform (Dwt) and Checking the Similarity Between the Query and Database Image By Measuring the Euclidean Distance. the Discrete Wavelet Transform Retrieval System Will Give Fast Search Over the Number of Images and Improve Accuracy. the Presented System Will Reduces the Professionals Work to Analyze Every Fundus Image Rather Than Diabetic Affected Image and Develop a Prototypical Dr Image Management System to Improve Diagnostic Performance.

Various Uncertainties Exist In the Power Systems and One of Them Is Load Uncertainty. As the Power System Network Is Undergoing Various Market Pressures These Days, It Becomes Very Important to Tackle the Uncertainties. Due to the Penetration of the Distributed Generation at the Load Ends In the System, the Load Bus Uncertainty Becomes a Matter of Serious Concern. In This Paper, the Handling and Representation of Various Uncertain Load Models Are Given. the Affect of Uncertainties In the System Has Been Observed By a Dynamic Load Flow Program and Severe Case Has Been Identified By a Sensitivity Index Namely Absolute Minimum Eigen Value of Load Flow Jacobian. the Proposed Scheme Is Implemented on Ieee-14 Bus System.

A grid-connected photovoltaic power system or grid-connected PV power system is electricity generating solar PV system that is connected to the utility grid. Its impact on power quality of the system is major concern for both utility company and users but that quality may be affected by harmonics. Therefore reducing harmonic content in the grid connected power system is very important. In this paper, effect of single tuned harmonic filter on grid connected PV system is analyzed. Its impact on harmonics and power factor is considered. For simulation study PV connected system of Dr. C.V. Raman university, Kota is considered .For simulation study ETAP software is used. The system parameters are taken from actual site condition.

It is very well known that there is acute shortage of good quality drinking water. The quality of water which the common man drinks is not at par with the Indian standard specifications for drinking water i.e., IS-10500. The mine water coming out from Jharia coal fields, Raniganj coal field, Central coal field, Talcher coalfield, Northern coalfield, North Eastern coal field and Western coalfield,when characterized revealed that in most of the cases, higher values of TSS, TDS, Fe, Mn, Cl, F, SO4, Cu, As, Hg, CN, Ni, Cr, Al, Zn, Nitrate, Hardness, Phenol, Oil grease and coliform were observed as compared to the respective values givenin IS-10500. When this water were treated with optimum dose (concentration and time) of ozone, the results were encouraging and the higher values of the above parameters were reduced and found to be at par with IS -10500. Since this work was carried out for a private party on payment basis, the details of the data generated at different doses of ozone (concentration and time) cannot be provided. The present paper deals with the basic principlesscience behind such a reduction i.e., conversion of mine water to potable water.

Due to unavailability or limited resources of imaging modality some centres in low and middle income countries (LMICs) are still unable to adopt image based treatment planning in brachytherapy practice. This study aimed to compare the volumetric dose differences between images based planning and standard library plan (SLP) approaches to find out the feasibility of using SLP approaches for HDR treatment planning in LMICs. Total ninety four plans of 47 patients image based plan were evaluated retrospectively. For each set of image based plans, one additional set of plans were generated by applying dwell positions and dwell times of SLP approach on reconstructed applicator position of CT image data of each patient. The mean dose of bladder D2cc, D1cc and D0.1cc were higher by 0.03 Gy, 0.4 Gy and 0.06 Gy respectively in SLP approach rather than image based plan (p-value > 0.05). For rectum and sigmoid colon the mean dose of D2cc, D1cc and D0.1cc were significantly increases in SLP approach rather than image based plan. Higher increase for D0.1cc mean dose of rectum (0.12 Gy, 2.19) and sigmoid colon (0.12 Gy, 1.69) were found when SLP approach was used in place of image based plan. The results of this study shows that mean doses of target and OAR (bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon) are increases with SLP approach. The increase dose to rectum, bladder and sigmoid colon in SLP approach may lead to enhance the toxicity and hence affect the quality of life. The results of this study emphasized that if limited resource settings use SLP approach the proper applicator placements, adequate packing and other accounting factors should be considered carefully.

Visual secret sharing (VSS) scheme and Speech recognition method, both aremainly used for digital security. By using Random grid based technique Visual secret sharing schemes are used for performing decryption. But in many cases, it may be decrypted by applying different methodologies. Actually, VSS allows confidential message to be encrypted into (k, n), (n, n) or different secret scheme. In (k, n) it can define k as threshold and n as some group. So when n ≥ k then the confidential message can be acquired by these participants. Visual Secret Sharing Scheme is interesting because for decryption, even if, there is no knowledge of complex cryptography algorithm then also, it can perform decryption. Hence, based on this scheme, a new method is proposed to examine VSSS that uses speech recognition method, as proposed in this method.

The combination of encryption and invisibility of encrypted data, it unchanged the message entirely protected against data espionage. This concept can also provide an easy means to exchange imperative messages in a message. Based on this concept, we proposed a new encryption algorithm that providing confidentiality and authentication for secure data and this data is hiding behind cover image by using proposed steganography algorithm having less cover size. Another concept we used in this that is discrete wavelet transform which is applicable on large size of secretes image data to compress. PSNR and Entropy of stego image is showing the effectiveness of proposed algorithm.

Intrusion-detection-system (IDS) is the necessary part of the system form security point of view. It comes in both hardware and software IDS. Primary works of IDS is the recognized and differentiate between usual and unusual things that are happing in the system and show unusual thing as intrusion. At present unusual activity in the system are growing every year so improvement in existing IDS is always required. This paper is presents two thing, one is the concept of new host based IDS which used agent based mechanism to find intrusion on a host so it become host based intrusion detection system (AHIDS) and second is the selection of good classification technique for IDS. Selection of good classification technique is necessary because it is provide more accurate and prediction analysis on large amount of record set and IDS uses such type of data set for finding intrusions. Proposed AHIDS using three agent like PE, RA and DB agent where PE is the packet capturing and extracting agent, RA is rule agent and DB is the database agent. All agents are work together that means PE agent pass data to DB agent and RA agent collect data from DB agent. For the selection of good classification technique, proposed AHIDS comparing five different classification techniques like Naïve-Bayes, K-nearest- neighbors, SVM, J48, and Random-Forest. NSL-KDD data set is used for results examination.

In the present paper, effect of wood flour (WF) on E glass fiber (GF) reinforced epoxy polymer (GFRP) composite has been discussed. Composite panels were prepared using hand lay-up technique. The percentages of wood flour were varied from 2.5 wt. to 10 wt. keeping glass fiber constant in epoxy. Mechanical and water absorption tests were carried out and specimens were prepared accordingly. Results showed that as the percentage of WF increased in the composite, water uptake increases. The neat GF reinforced epoxy composite exhibited minimum water uptake. The Composite fabricated reinforced with 7.5 wt WF absorb maximum energy and exhibited highest tensile strength.

Electrical Power Distributed Generations are used for improvement of the voltage level and minimization of the power line loss in electrical power distribution network. This paper presents a review on optimizing the location of distributed generation using different Optimization Techniques. Various meta-heuristic optimization techniques are discussed to reconfigure the distribution system, obtain the optimized location, sizing of Distributed Generations, minimization of the line losses and cost of the electrical network. The paper presents the review on the development of distributed generation model, problem formulation in distributed generation, different optimization techniques etc.

Maggi is a name which needs no introduction as it is a world-renowned brand. Maggi noodles were introduced into the Indian market by its parent company Nestle India in 1983. Maggi, ever since it had entered the Indian market was one of “The Most Powerful Influential Brands in India”. This case is a study of ban and revival of the famous Maggi Noodles in India. The Maggi controversy broke the trust of many consumers because MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) and Lead were reported to be beyond the prescribed level. It was found in the year 2015 that MSG and Lead were found beyond prescribed limit in some of the tests conducted on Maggi samples in India. Bombay High Court directed to take away and destroy all the types of Maggi variants throughout the country. The Brand value worth Rs. 1300 crore was affected due to recollection of Maggi instant 2 minutes Noodles. Maggi 2-Minute Noodles, a brand sustained for more than three decades in India and loved by everyone, be it hostellers or housewives, had crumbled. The case discusses the ban scenario along with the timeline of events that occurred after it was found that “MSG and Lead levels” were beyond prescribed limit in “2- Minute Maggi”. Further the case deals with the revival of the brand after the removal of the ban. Several strategies were employed for the revival of the brand like use of emotional touch, television promotion and exclusive availability at stores.

Give of yourself every day-a smile, a compliment, a moment of your time, a listening ear or a kind word. There is always something you can give others”. -Anonymous

Participants in the financial Markets are prone to carried kinds of financial risks such as credit risk, operational risk, liquidity risk, systemic risk etc. It is most prudent on part of such financial institutions and market regulators to continually monitor risk, so that counter risk management strategies can be devised and implemented. For some years now the concept of, Value at Risk has gained currency and has been adopted as one of the standard measures of financial risk measurement and analysis. This concept has the advantage of quantifying risk in single number which makes it highly appealing and it approximate the Highest expected loss in given time interval and desired confidence level. This paper intends to highlight the importance of the Value at Risk concept and then how risk management has assimilated the same in contemporary risk management practices and organizational paradigm.

This paper aims to analyse the long run relationship between the futures and spot exchange rates of four currencies (“USDINR, EUROINR, GBPINR and JPYINR”). The data was tested for stationarity, cointegration and causality, and the results affirm that a long run relationship exists among the futures and spot exchange rates. The findings are very significant for policy makers, investors, and marketers since it provides a reliable forecast of exchange rates in the futures market which measures to effectively manage the risks.

Background and Objective The marketing strategies used by retail stores cannot be adopted by a unorganized retail pharmacy store as such since it operates within a regulatory environment. In consideration of this in continuation of our previous study, an attempt has been made to identify factors which may be beneficial to unorganized retail pharmacy store. Method A questionnaire consisting of twenty nine questions were designed. The responses were obtained unorganized retail pharmacy of Malwa Region of M.P. Total 145 unorganized pharmacy stores were randomly selected for the present study. The obtained responses were subjected to factor analysis. Results The factor analysis identified four factors, have been termed as branding, customer service, ancillary services Products and competitive pricing. Conclusion It was found that among the four factors, customer service is one of the significant factors which affect the sustainable growth of the retail unorganized pharmacy store.

Initial Public Offering (IPO) is a phenomenon when the company’s shares become available to public for the first time in the market. This is done either after incorporation or conversion of private limited company to public limited company. IPO witnessed a sharp decline in collections during 2008 quarter. Announcement of IPO may give a positive signal to the stakeholders that the company is working towards their interest. It may also indicate that the firm has ample opportunities and projects. The present study caters to the needs of shareholders and other stakeholders by analyzing the impact generated by IPOs on their returns. The study has incorporated analysis of share prices of companies initiating the IPOs between 2009-2016 and thereby computing its daily abnormal returns using CAPM. The daily stock prices of 20 companies have been taken for the concerned period from website of National Stock Exchange along with Nifty50 index values to compute market returns. t-test has been used to test for significance of abnormal returns in three event windows. Paired sample t-test has been used to find out difference in performance of IPO in varied time periods. The event study methodology has been used to find out the performance of the respective stocks since IPO announcement taking 24780 observations.

Heavy metals (Pb,Cd,Cr etc) are hazardous to human beings, plants, animals. Due to industrialization, sewage human activities etc, they are dumped into the soil ,air, water Increase in concentration of heavy metals reduction in length of aerial parts roots, shoots of a plant is observed. Increase in dry weight is also observed in the presence of heavy metals. Reduction in length of aerial parts root, shoot of a plant is observed at160-170mg and above of heavy metal. The present study suggests that Phytoremediator Plants have 60-95 of tolerance level. Decrease in length of root, shoot suggests that the heavy metal transferred to Root and shoot. Increase in dry weight suggests that heavy metal is affecting the seedling and removal of heavy metal from soil near root area. Reduction in lengths of aerial parts is observed at higher concentrations and the plants tolerance level is also high at particular concentrations which suggests that they have maximum Phytoremediation capacity.

Photovoltaic systems have become an important source of renewable energy generation. Because solar power generation is intrinsically highly dependent on weather fluctuations, predicting power generation using weather information has several economic benefits, including reliable operation planning and proactive power trading. This study builds a model that predicts the amounts of solar power generation using weather information provided by weather agencies. Here BA-PSO (Butterfly Algorithm Particle Swarm Optimization) Genetic Algorithm is used to predict the solar power requirement. A set of environmental variables are collected and their effect on solar power generation is evaluated by BA-PSO. This work considers a set of environmental features with their impact ratio solar power prediction. The BA-PSO was applied on dataset of Raipur city in Chhattisgarh state of India and the results show reduction in MAE, RMSE and improvement in power prediction when compared with ground truth values taken from Indian railway top roof solar installation.

This Study Evaluates the Lulc Changes Using Rs and Gis Tools. the Study Area, Upper Beas River Basin of Kullu Valley, Falls In the Middle Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, India. the Images of Land Sat Tm of 1991, Landsat Etm+ of 2001 and Landsat Oli of 2016 at 30 Meters Spatial Resolution Were Used For the Study. Both Anthropogenic and Environmental Factors That Are Responsible For the Changes In Land Use and Land Cover Are Evaluated. the Study Indicated Positive Changes In Bare Rock (20), Agriculture (1.72), Open Forest (0.34), Settlement (Built-Up 0.05) and River (0.02) and Whereas Negative Changes Are Observed In Snow Cover (-18.3), Grass (-3.18) and Forest (-0.53) During the Years 1991-2001, and the Trends Remained Similar With Different Magnitudes During 2001 – 2016. the Decline In Forest Area and Grass Cover With Parallel Increase In Agricultural Area and Associated Urbanisation Clearly Infer the Dominant Role of Manmade Activities In Controlling the Lulc Changes In This Region. Depletion In Snow Cover of This Region Between 1991 and 2016 Could Be a Consequence of the Recession of the Colder Climatic Belt to Higher Altitudes.

Rice is one of the most important crops, providing staple food for about half population of the world. Rice production must be increased 60 so as to meet for the contention by the year 2025.Rice belongs to the genus Oryza and has two cultivated and 22 wild species. The cultivated species are Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima. Oryza sativa is grown all over the world while Oryza glaberrima has been cultivated in west Africa for the last ~3500 years. Rice is the principal food for over half of the production of the world. Drought is the most important abiotic stress limiting rice yields in almost all major ecosystems where it is presently grown. Drought is a critical abiotic stress that severely restrict crop production, under drought conditions plant accumulate reactive oxygen species.Abiotic stress is defined as the negative impact of non-living factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. The region within genome that contains gene associated with a particular trait are known as quantitative trait loci (QTLs).Different SSR markers are associated with different QTLs for drought tolerant.RM 3825 is associated with QTL DTY 1.1,RM 279 is associated with QTL DTY 2.2. Microsatellites are simple repeated motifs consisting of 1 to 6 base pairs, and they can be found in both coding and non-coding regions. The mutation rate of this type of genetic marker has been estimated to be between 10−2 and 10−4 per generation. The primary advantage of microsatellites as genetic markers is that they are inherited in a Mendelian fashion as co dominant markers. High polymorphism rates, high abundance and a broad distribution throughout the genome have made microsatellites one of the most popular genetic markers for use in plant breeding programs. Microsatellites are also known as simple sequence repeats (SSR), and they are typically composed of 1–6 nucleotide repeats[16].Recent advances in rice genomics have now made it possible to identify and map a number of genes through linkage to existing DNA markers. The ideal type of genetic marker should be highly polymorphic, show

Green Audit is a requirement of “NAAC” committee to the college. The concept of Green audit, industries are using it as a management tool to evaluate the environmental standards, industries can perform better and better for the sustainable development of the organization. The Experiments on the nature by avoiding natural rules, this can be one major reason behind that is green Audit. The term ‘Green’ means eco- friendly or not damaging the environment. Green Accounting can be defined as systematic identification, quantification, recording, reporting analysis of components of ecological diversity expressing the same in financial or social terms drivers of green audit, future scope, benefits and advantages are necessary to understand, A total of 267 species (Angiosperms-256, Gymnosperms-11) and 56 families (Dicot-48, Monocot-08), have been reported from the study area. As part of green audit of study area, we carried out the environmental monitoring of campus includes waste management. (Vermicomposting, Bio-waste management), greenhouse effect, aquarium, mushroom culture water conservation, tree plantation, paperless work, vegetative propagation, butterfly garden, ventilation paperless work system and mapping of Biodiversity. Noise level in the campus is well within the limit i.e. below 50 dB at day time. This may lead to the prosper future in context of Green Campus thus sustainable environment and committee development. Further we hope, this will boost the new generation to take care of environment and propagate these views for many generations to come.

Now a Day’S Chaotic Systems Have an Important Role In Secure Communication and Cryptography. As Fpga Implementation Have Certain Advantages Over Analog One, Different Chaotic System Like Chaotic Oscillator, True Random Number Generators and Chaotic Systems Used In Image Processing, Optical Circuits For Secure Communications Were Successfully Realized In Fpga. This Paper Presents Methodology of Fpga Implementation of any Chaotic System Using Different Numerical Algorithm. In Study the Numerical Solution of Differential Equations Given In Pandey-Baghel-Singh System Were Obtained and Coded In Verilog and Tested With Xilinxvivado 17.3 Design Suites In Artix-7 Nexus 4 Ddr and Basys3. Performance of the Fpga Based Chaotic Generator Using Heun and Rk4 Algorithmsare Analyzed Using 106 Data Sets With the Maximum Operating Frequency Achieved Up to 359.71Mhz.

In present scenario, transportation network provides the way for movements and medium for reaching destinations. It is the backbone of urban activity undergoing in cities.Inadequate transportation system hampers economic activities and creates hindrances for development. In most of the developing countries like India, obsolete methods like manual counting and stopwatch methods are being used for traffic related studies. Presently, there are more advanced and reliable traffic instruments like Metro Count, Radar Gun etc. available which can collect vast road usage information and can give large traffic data output in comparatively less time. These advanced methods are being used extensively in developed countries, but very few studies are available which shows use of these instruments in India. This paper presents amethodology to study the traffic flow characteristics and to analyse congestion on major roads (V-2 roads) of Chandigarh City using such advanced instruments. Traffic in Chandigarh has been increasing at much higher pace in tune with the vastly increasing commercial, industrial and manufacturing needs. Thus, with the help of advanced traffic survey instruments like Metro Count and Radar Gun, volume and speed study has been carried out to estimate congestion at various points on major roads of Chandigarh and Level of Service (LOS) was also determined for the same roads. The speed study has also been done using both Metro Count as well as Radar Gun for its comparative analysis. The findings of this study have revealed heavy congestion on approximately all the roads with Volume Capacity (VC) ratio less than one but as traffic is increasing, they may approach their saturation point soon. LOS has been found out to be either ‘C’ or ‘D’ indicating stable flow conditions for now but small increase may cause a considerable reduction in the ‘performance’ or ‘service’ which demand efforts to be taken to maintain the existing performance. The speed study has shown that roads are not satisfying the present prescribed speed limits arising the need to either revise speed limits or to adopt remedial measures to lower the speed of moving traffic within speed limits. It has been observed that Metro Count and Radar Gun give more reliable and accurate data and results as compared to other conventional methods available. Therefore, the authors propose to use such instruments only in order to carry out different traffic studies.

An investor would be exhibiting Herding behaviour when he or she relies more on information validated by a crowd, rather than on his own judgment, owing to popular perception that the crowd cannot be wrong. If investors are heavily influenced by other investors, analysts and other people, the ability to come up with their own analysis and judgments get hampered. The investors follow others rushing to buy (or rushing to sell) housing, property, shares or other investments. But simply going with the herd is not likely to be a well-thought through investment strategy. And the followers can end up paying the price. This paper provides a comprehensive study of herding behaviour and association of herding behaviour with age and experience of investors in stock market.

Sentiment Analysis is the process of understanding the meaning of feelings expressed by an individual online about entities such as products, services, organizations, individuals, issues, events, topics, and interpreting them in positive, negative and neutral classes in a automated way. The paper explains the workflow of Machine learning based approach classification for Sentiment Analysis .It gives an overview of common techniques that are used at different phases of classification with their strength and weakness. This study would help in solving research problems that are encountered in Sentiment Analysis. The understanding of the phases would help in developing efficient classifier and ultimately improving the performance of the Classification algorithm. A study of techniques adopted by researchers at different phases of Sentiment Analysis and brief analysis of study is also presented.

This manuscript present probabilistic pre-pre-seismic peril evaluation of south middle India (south of 28° N), and which is characterized by crustal inter plate pre-seismic activity in craton and rifting zones. It also brings more than a few updates including 1) peril evaluation in middle India 2) estimating resource zone-specific pre-seismicity parameters, 3) use of more than a few recently obtainable GMPEs both in terms of PGA and SA at dissimilar frequencies for incorporating the unpredictability in the ground movement for pre-seismic peril associated with dissimilar zones in middle and south India.

This paper presents an integrated approach of electricity generation by combining the kinetic energy of wind and solar thermal energy by using specifically designed wind tunnels and solar thermal energy storage system in a solar chimney power plant. The tunnels are designed to control wind velocity in the vicinity of the solar chimney whereas thermal energy storage system enhances the rate of energy generation. This paper describes the design and working of a prototype. The parameters for the prototype were derived by using simple flow equations. The design incorporates a coaxial turbine installed inside the solar chimney and wind flows through specifically designed static tunnels from all the directions. This Design enables to overcome the drop in power generation capacity of solar energy based power station when cloudy and rainy conditions persist. It was observed that due to tunnels the wind velocity increases and can be controlled, While thermal energy and chimney effect adds to wind velocity. Therefore electricity generation appreciably increases for larger time, besides the ease in maintenance and protection from storm.

Financial sector of our country needed to be strong to cater the needs of all the sections of the economy so that the overall development of the economy can be made especially in developing country like India. In this paper mainly the significance and recent growth of NBFC’s is explained. As the NBFC are the intermediary who plays very important role in the development of any economy like in India. As the financial needs of corporate as well as the unorganized sectors are increasingly day by day and in this respect NBFC provides the best services to all these sectors. NBFC are especially not covered under the banking scenario but these are regulated by central Government and reserve bank of India, so that their functioning can be properly managed and regulated. Their structure is so flexible so the amendments regarding up gradation can be introduced. The paper titled “Economic development in India with special reference to NBFC” presents the recent growth of Indian economy due to flow of credit with latest technology by NBFC and how their growth affect the long term growth of Indian economy.

The object of the present study is to examine the role of micro finance in enhancing women empowerment through SHGs. This study covered the areas of five selected districts of Odisha. A structured questionnaire was administered to obtain information on selected variables on the socio-economic and cultural variables that affect the members after joining the SHGs. Finally, the information from 612 member respondents representing cross section of population was collected from the SHGs of the area under the study. The data so collected has been analyzed by the application of appropriate statistical tools. The result reveals that the provision of micro finance through SHGs has a significant effect on the members of the SHGs. On the basis of the findings, few important suggestions were offered for the benefit of the Self Help Groups.

India is a very great country because there are so many religions and so many festivals of them. All the religions have same respects in here. One of the beautiful and very old religions is ‘Hindudharma’ in here. It is a biggest religion in here. Maximum populations follow this religion in India. ‘Sindoor’ is animportant part of this religion. Actually Sindoor is a red colour which is used in festival, worship of god, and married woman uses as a sing of marriage. This colour is used in here because red colour is a symbol of energy and log life in this religion .Modern sindoor mainly uses vermilion, which is an orange-red pigment. Vermilion is the purified and powdered form of cinnabar, which is the chief form in which mercury sulfide naturally occurs. As with other compounds of mercury, sindoor is toxic and must be handled carefully. Sometimes, red lead (lead tetroxide, also known as minimum) is added to sindoor. Red lead is toxic and a known carcinogen for laboratory animals, though its carcinogenicity to humans has not been established. Traditional sindoor was made with turmeric and alum or lime, or from other herbal ingredients. Unlike red lead and vermilion, these are not poisonous. In early 2008, allegations of high lead content led the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to recall batches of sindoor from several manufacturers.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the procedures followed in an instrument development and validation to measure the TQM practices in higher education institutions. The paper explores the process by which a reliable and valid questionnaire can be developed. The paper adopted the mixed methodology, qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative approach was used at the initial stage of item generation and development for the instrument while the quantitative method was predominantly used to empirically establish the psychometric properties of the instrument. The paper finds that the TQM Scale is psychometrically sound. The reliability index for all the dimensions are well above 0.75 and the various empirical analyses, providing evidence of convergent, concurrent, and discriminant validity as well as dimensionality. The paper provides detailed information on developing and validating a new measuring instrument. The method and procedure can be a good reference for researchers interested in developing measuring instruments on educational practices. The soft system methodology, intervention enhances holistic discussion in relation to the focal at the item generation phase. This allows a greater amount of creative debate resulting in a comprehensive list of indicators to be used the instrument. The final questionnaire consists of 30 items and the psychometry indicated that it is valid and reliable.

The impact of (SHG) Self Help Group is considerable in the provisions of Self-Worthy viz, Confidence Building, Capacity Building, Self-Employment Opportunities and meet their Financial Crises, betterment in Decision-Making Capacity of SHG members in terms of social matters in family like Education, Marriage of their Children and Strong protest against the husband beating the wife which is common among poor (due to unfortunate Economic and Social Status). It has helped lowered the social issues, increased the communication skills and self-confidence and brought behavioural change in Engineers folk. The formation of SHG is not finally a Micro-Credit Project but an Empowerment Procedure. It has been evident that people belonging to Low Economic Standards (LES) were suffering at different fronts due to shortage of money and get compelled to take loans from the professional money lenders, who in turn exploit them in several ways. It has been observed that Engineers face number of problems related to Poverty, Illiteracy, and lack of Communication Skills. They have limited access to services provided by the Government Agencies, confines to home and deprived of basic opportunities which cannot be solved individually but by group efforts. Therefore, the Empowerment of Engineers through formalization of Self Help Group is the most effective way of Self-Reliance.

In present era power systems architecture is now reconfigured and deregulated. Resilience of power systems is property to keep it within security limits and stable condition, which in present interconnected and complex system is major concern. Due to this advancement in automation in each stage Bi-directional power flow between utility and end-users’ are now common aspect. As the Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE) Sources in present scenario is mostly affordable technology by end-users world-wide and promoted by governments too. Role of DRE for the creation of Microgrid and Nanogrid systems were must, along with integration of Utility grid and communication using cyber-physical elements. As cyber-physical systems (CPS) are ancillary requirements in past decade but now it is a technology without which system reliability, security and stability all were in stack. In this research, resilience of microgrid and cyber-physical arena is taken in to consideration.

Professional health of nurses directly affects the physical as well as emotional well-being by curbing their efficiency. It’s having a direct bearing on overall quality of life. Aim of the paper is to discuss the physical, mental and emotional health of women nurses working in health care industry with special reference to India. The findings extracted from review were analysed thematically. It is basically divided into two segments one is occupational health hazards faced by nurses in general and other one is occupational health status of nurses in India. Nurses are exposed to various health problems and working conditions adversely affect the health of women nurses which also affect their profession and quality of life.

Make in India’ is an ambitious initiative of the central government which aims at increasing the pace of growth of national economy. But consistency in the growth to bring about sustainable development in the Indian economy is the biggest challenge of the program. India stands at a gross domestic product of 7.3 percent in the third quarter of 2016and are expected to continue at the similar rate for 2016-2017. This rate of growth is an outcome of improvement in the economic fundamentals and major initiatives by the government. Due to various policy reforms introduced by the government there has been a huge influx of funds under FDI enabling the economy to move along the growth trajectory. By enhancing the purchasing power and increasing demand, Make in India aims to spur the development. Tourism and Hospitality is one of the 25 targeted sectors of the economy under the program. Labour intensive nature of this sector makes it a key focus area that best suits the requirement of Indian economy. This study aims at looking at the phenomenon of Make in India from the perspective of tourism sector. How tourism integrates with this program and meets the challenges of contributing to maintaining the consistency and further enhancement of present economic growth? Also the study focuses upon how far Tourism sector would match to its global objective of Sustainable Development under this scheme?

Impulsive buying is on increase in the nation with the populations’ major portion being young. The new India is shopping differently. They make on the spot decisions which are influenced by many factors including sales promotions like coupons. Coupons today are using many mediums to reach their target audiences. The mediums include mobile messages to online websites and even the highly preferable mobile applications. These mediums are also one of the reasons that help in instigating an impulsive buy by its users. The new breeds of diners are hungry for bargains and are unlikely to go where they can't get them. This study deals with the study of these impulsive buyers and how they are influenced by these coupons.

The present empirical study makes an in-depth analysis of the investment of Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI), the insurance behemoth in India. The analysis is made on the basis of fourteen years’ data from 2003 to 2016. The study includes an analysis of the investment across sectors namely public, private, joint and cooperative and into different instruments (stock exchange securities and others) by not only looking into the year-on-year growth but also growth during the period. Furthermore, the exploratory study looks into structural break, if any with regard to investment between the pre-financial crisis and post-crisis period. The investigation also aims to find out the relationship between investment in stock exchange securities and capital market movement.

This research paper is review of different type of wind power generation techniques. Power generation and utilization via wind energy is done by human since 3200 BC. A small introduction about the wind energy followed by Characteristics was taken in this review. Comparison of different type of wind generation system is presented which help in adopting the system as per need. Modelings of wind power plant were also taken into considerations accomplishing different simulation software to model.

The aluminum matrix composite (AMCs) is one the promising material for automobile and aircraft industry. It has numerous applications due to their excellent prosperities and light in weight. The properties of the aluminum matrix composite depends on the factor like fabrication methods, process parameters, properties of reinforcement and their wet ability with aluminum, interfacial bonding between matrix material and reinforcement and microstructure exist in composite. This paper discusses all responsible factors which affect the properties of aluminum metal matrix composite.

Trickle bed reactors are widely used in chemical industries. Trickle bed reactor implies a reactor in which a liquid phase and a gas phase flow counter currently or co-currently downward or upward through a fixed bed of catalyst particles while reaction takes place. These reactors are widely used in chemical industries like petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals etc. A lot of research has been done to measure their average hydrodynamic parameters but there is very less development in the field of measurement of local hydrodynamic parameters, which is very important to understand what is really happening inside the reactor and to design it more efficiently. Investigations are aimed at developing an optical fibre probe setup which may measure the local hydrodynamic parameters of these reactors.

In the recent trends in application of renewable energy sources, integrated solar chimney wind power plant has been designed with different geometrical parameter for increase the accessibility of solar and wind energy due to increasing the rate of environmental pollution and lake of non- renewable energy resources. A solar chimney wind power plant (SCWPP) is a type of solar thermal system that use the thermal energy generated by solar and convert it into the electrical energy. In the recent few years there are many researcher have exposed strongest attention for exploration the performances of solar chimney wind power plant due to its economic, environmental and huge potential application. There are different geometrical parameters and operating conditions like chimney height, collector radius, throat radius, solar radiation, wind velocity, solar absorption coefficient, solar loss coefficient, chimney shapes which are play vital role for optimize the performances of solar chimney wind power plant. In this numerical investigation a computational model of Manzanares pilot solar chimney win power plant, Spain has been created with help of commercially availableness 14.5 software. The temperature, velocity, pressure and vector distribution were plotted and evaluated for examine the influence of chimney height, collector radius, throat radius, solar radiation, solar absorption coefficient, solar loss coefficient, and collector percentage and fraction factor on the performance of solar chimney wind power plant when other parameters are constant. The obtained result is illustrated that, the power of SCWPP has enhances as increases the chimney height, collector radius, collector percentage and solar absorption coefficient but throat radius and solar loss coefficient it gives inversely effect on the power. It has been also illustrated that the throat radius gives more effect on the power of SCWPP while the effect of collector percentage on power negligible. This study is also suggested a solar chimney wind power plant at chimney height 24.4 m with collector radius 38. 92 m and throat radius 0.7m,collector absorption coefficient 0.66 and collector loss coefficient 15it gives approximately 5.4 KW power output at Indian operating conditions means ambient temperature should be 303.15 K and solar radiation is 1000W/m2. From the study it can also revealed that for further improvement in power increase the solar absorption coefficient and reduce the solar loss coefficient in same working condition.

Human comfort in conditioned spaces is the prime objective of air conditioning system design engineer. Air distribution in the conditioned spaces affects the human comfort. Several researchers have examined this human comfort in the conditioned spaces for various parameters of air conditioning and proposed the modifications in the system design and operation. Several new technologies have also been proposed by the researchers for it. Research is also reported in literature for the scope of energy savings through alternative technology of air distribution. It is this objective of the present work to simulate the indoor temperature distribution in a typical conditioned room in which air is supplied at a particular typical value of temperature and velocity most commonly used in practice through three case of supply air vent location. For this analysis numerical technique widely used by the researchers in present time, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been used. The geometrical model is prepared is prepared in GAMBIT and Fluent is used for analysis purpose. The results are presented in the form of temperature and velocity contours in the room at three planes taken in the conditioned space. Vertical temperature and velocity distribution is shown with the help of plots at various location of the room. For comparison purpose the temperature and velocity plots have been compared for the three different cases of location of supply air vent

Computer-based design analysis is nowadays a common activity in most development projects. When new software and manufacturing processes are introduced, traditional empirical knowledge is unavailable and considerable effort is required to find starting design concepts. This forces gear designers to go beyond the traditional standards-based design methods. The transformation has had a vast influence on gear manufacturing as well, providing process improvements that lead to higher gear quality and lower manufacturing costs. However, in the case of the gear industry, the critical process of Generation and Simulation of Meshing and Tooth Contact Analysis (TCA) of Spiral bevel gears for improved performance remains relatively unchanged.

This paper presents the theory, design and simulation of a controller based on fuzzy logic artificial intelligence techniques used for the speed control of three-phase induction motor. The motor model is designed and membership functions are chosen according to the parameters of the motor model. This technique adjusts the speed of the motor by controlling the frequency and amplitude of the stator voltage, keeping the ratio V/f constant. The simulations have been done by Simulink Toolbox in Matlab and the results are interesting considering the presence of non-linearity in the IM model. Torque-speed response of the proposed control system is investigated. The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the FLC is better than that of the conventional one. When fuzzy logic based intelligent controller is used instead of the PI controller, excellent performance can be achieved even in the presence of parameter variations and non-linearity. The proposed FLC requiring less circuitry can control speed with fast response and good stability. Fuzzy logic technique is a replacement of the conventional method in the machine control applications for efficient control. The fuzzy logic has advantages compared to conventional methods such as simplicity of control, low cost, and the possibility to control without knowing the exact mathematical model of plant The main advantage of using fuzzy logic controller is that, without having deep knowledge of the induction motor, it is easier to design a well-performing speed control system.

This paper proposes the framework of Executive Performance Management System in SAIL. The framework relates to online Performance management process at executive level. With the help of performance management System Employees are able to know their concrete and tangible particulars about their work and assessment of their performance .This paper is also designed to explore the loopholes of old appraisal system and improvisation in the new Management system.

This paper aims to explain the theoretical exposure of Global reporting Initiative as a standardised sustainability protocol which is world widely accepted by companies. Corporate sustainability reporting is becoming very popular now days but in India it is at sprouting stage. But earlier researches prove that its importance is growing year after year. As far as Indian scenario is concerned there is only limited number of companies which are showcasing their sustainability plans and performance to the various stakeholders. Indian corporations are following Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines to prepare the sustainability reports. Furthermore, the current study tries to find out that GRI guidelines set as a good basis for the sustainability reporting. In India, the Sustainability Reporting Initiative was started in 2001 but it has shown a very slow progress. The paper expounds the GRI reporting guidelines so as to apply CSR principles, and explains the key elements of the economic, environmental, social, society, and Governance issues. The paper aims to provide general level information on corporate responsibility reporting and sustainability initiatives by National Voluntary Guidelines for India Industries from CSR to Responsible Business and Business Responsibility Report by SEBI. The aim of present study is to show the analysis of famous sustainability reporting framework GRI. The theoretical part is constructed and explained by thorough research of available literature on the topic, therefore the paper uses qualitative research methods as research methodology.

In Cryptography, when the data is converted in other form, some methods are required to convert the data. This method is using encryption and decryption technique and the converted data is called cipher text. In this paper, three methods of cipher are discussed with solution. The understanding of decryption techniques such as functional analysis, security attack and classical cipher attack has studied and also focused on how these techniques work and how they differ with each other. The study shows the cipher techniques are safe but time consuming as compared to other encryption and decryption techniques.

The Assam Gramin Vikas Bank (AGVB) and the Meghalaya Rural Bank (MRB) are currently functioning in the State of Assam and Meghalaya. Over all the motto of both the Banks are similar as per the working guidelines of the Regional Rural Banks in India. As the two states are nearby states and therefore in the current study it is tried to see the working position of the AGVB and the MRB. For the study purpose available data have been collected from period 2007 to 2016, and necessary calculations are made to see the comparative picture of both the Banks. In the study important areas compared for the study are branch network, employees’ strength, per branch & employee income and expenditure etc. The calculated value of the various parameters taken for the study of both the Banks are put in the various tables so that the picture of the comparison can be easily grasped.

Earning more and more profits is a natural phenomenon of every business unit. The first and foremost goal of any business enterprise is to maximize the returns with minimal investment. Parallel to it the enterprises have social obligations to fulfill as they draw maximum resources from the society itself. CSR has become one of the catchphrases of new millennium across the world and the corporate as well as government must take care of it. Today, Government has also come as an initiative to control those business activities which makes a harmful effect on the society. The government suggested time to time to the business units that the corporate should enact a framework related to CSR i.e. its areas, investment, activities etc. and include them in the vision, mission and strategic planning. The present study is a critical analysis of various research papers publsihed on the studies related to CSR activities and its various impacts on society. The nature of data used for this is purely from library research. The study has shown that over the last years an increasing number of companies worldwide started promoting their business through CSR strategies because the customers, the public and the investors expect them to act sustainable and responsible. The government also suggests to the business units that the corporate should enact a framework related to CSR and include them in their vision, mission and strategic planning. CSR initiatives, if being implemented by all the corporations for rural development will have a positive impact in overall development of the society and their business.

Data User has in India grown 109% in year 2016 when compared to year 2014 and in year 2017 this is further expected to grow more than 40%.There are various predictions across telecom industry when we try to discuss the reason of such overblown growth year on year. Few people say this is a result of paradigm shift of customers from traditional 2G to 3G and further 4G technology while some people says this is been contributed by the abundance of App based way of working where people migrating their traditional voice usage to data usage. Also there are few theories also confirm about how rural and urban gap is narrowed and various factors like telecom/internet connectivity, increased literacy level, increased virtual social life etc. These theories explain ushow all these factors impact customer’s mobile behaviourbut in this paper will discuss on changes in mobile phone use and its impact on customer telecom behaviour.

Today Hacking has been one of the common practices made by the computer expert in order to try and find vulnerabilities in a network infrastructure. In this paper I have mentioned types of Hackers and types of technique used by them. The word “hacking” has two definitions. The first definition refers to the hobby/profession of working with computers. The second definition refers to modifies computer hardware or software in a way that changes the creator’s original intent. Traditionally, a Hacker is someone who likes to play with Software or Electronic Systems. Hackers enjoy exploring and learning how computer systems operate. They love discovering new ways to work electronically. Recently, Hacker has taken on a new meaning that someone who finds weaknesses in a computer or computer network, though the term can also refer to someone with advanced understanding of computers and computer networks. Finanly I recommend that hacking is the skill miracle so everyone want to become hacker but please used this skill to destroy the crime from society but not to become a criminal.

GPS is one of the most fantastic utilities ever discovered by man. The Global Positioning System GPS is a satellite based Navigation System made up of at least 24 satellites that are eleven thousand nautical miles in space and in six different orbital parts. The satellites are constantly moving to complete orbits around the earth in just under24 hours. GPS works in any weather conditions anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day, with no subscription fees or setup charges. The US Department of Defense (USDOD) originally put the satellite into orbit for military use, but they were made available for civilian use in the 1980s. [www.ja-gps.com.au/what-isgps] by Johny.

India has the third largest military in the world and is the sixth biggest defence spender. India is also one of the largest importers of conventional defence equipment and spends around 30% of its total defense budget on capital acquisitions. 60% of defence related requirements are currently met through imports. The ‘Make in India’ initiative by the Government is focusing its efforts on increasing indigenous defence manufacturing and becoming self-reliant. The opening up of the defence sector for private sector participation is helping foreign original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) enter into strategic partnerships with Indian companies and leverage opportunities in the domestic market as well as global markets. In this study we found that defense manufacturing played a very important role in the field of defense sector and also helps to build India a strong nation. This paper is based on secondary data it was taken from various sources.

Traffic Grooming has become a very important issue on optical Network, as optical networks provide a very high speed data transmission for huge amount of data. A Sparse grooming Network with only a fractional of noes having grooming functionalities may achieve the same performance as the one in which all the nodes are grooming, but with much lower cost. In literature different algorithms, models and techniques have been proposed to design the sparse grooming networks. With Proper assignment of routing and wavelengths in the network reduces the blocking probability ultimately increases the bandwidth of the network. In this paper, we studied and analyzed the different sparse traffic grooming and RWA assignment strategies with its performance metrics for optical mesh networks.

In this paper, firstly we have used CATIA V5 R20 software to design parts and developed the model of Radial Drilling Machine and assembled it. Then we did simulation of the model to check the functions of various parts. Later, we have designed the drill bit in CATIA and did analysis of drill bit in ANSYS. In present analysis we have taken three different rake and relief angles to find out the variation in values of total deformation and equivalent stresses for the applied moment. We have done meshing and give boundary conditions for proper result. The purpose of our project is to design such a drill bit which can withstand for long time and give high accurate result and increases productivity.

Agriculture is the backbone of Indian economy as it provides livelihood to 70 % of our population. It is, therefore, very essential that all out effort is made for rural development through increased production, productivity and proper post harvest care for farm produce which supply us food and raw material for different agro-based industries. Suitable strategy should be developed for generating additional income and employment in rural areas so as to check migration of rural people to urban areas in search of jobs. One such pertinent strategy and perhaps the most important could be to provide additional income and employment to farmers by way of encouraging them to process their produce at rural level. Pulse milling at rural level is an important activity to achieve this goal.

The Tapti River flows in central India from East to West, between the Godavari and Narmada Rivers. The River is supposedly named after the goddess Tapti, the daughter of Surya Deva, the Sun God, who according to legend founded the kuru Dynasty when she married king samvarna. It inters East Nimar at a distance of 12mile (193Km). From the sources (Multai near Betul). A total of 94 species belonging to 90 genera and 41 families have been reported from near Tapti River at historical Shahi Qila fort in District Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India. Ethnotaxonomically most important families are Monocots-2(Liliaceae- 3 species and poaceae- 3 species) and dicots families – 37 (Apocynaceae- 4 species, Asclepidaceae – 2 species, Annonaceae – 1 species, Amaryllidaceae – 1 species, Asteraceae – 2 species, Arecaceae – 1 species, Amarnthaceae – 1 species, Acanthaceae – 1 species, Anacardaceae – 1 species, Caesalpinoideae – 5 species, Casurinaceae – 1 species, Cactaceae – 1species, Convolvulaceae -2 species, Combretaceae – 1species, Cruciferae- 1 species, Caricaceae – 1 species, Cupressaceae -1 species, Cannaceae-1 species, Euphorbiaceae-8 species, Labiatae-2 species, lamiaceae-1 species, Lythraceae-1 species, Leguminosae-1 species, Mimosodeae-3 species, Myrtaceae-3 species, Malvaceae-2 species, Nymphiceae-2species, Orchidaceae-1 species, Moraceae-2 species, papilionaceae-2 species, Moringaceae-1 species, Rhanaceae-1 species, Solanaceae-5 species, Umbelliferae-1 species, Verbenaceae-2 species, Malphigaceae-2 species, Magnoliaceae-1 species, Zygophyllaceae-1 species,Piperaceae-1species etc.) (see images of Ethnotaxanomic flora 1-9 4 , Table no. 1-2 & Graph no.1) Tapti River is under increasing pressure due to drought, erosion and over exploitation, pollution, enchroachment by human activity. The above factors have causes reduction in number of Ethnotaxanomical species as well as wetland area. So these area need conservation of aquatic and wetland species, because wetland is the are which supports aquatic, amphibians and terrestrial life forms. Present study signifies Ethnotaxanomical importance of the plants species occur near Tapti River at historical Shahi Qila fort in district Burhanpur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

The colour shade net approach aims at combining physical protection to the crop wtih modifications in spectro radiometric properties inside the net house which in turn promotes desired physiological responses. The experimental investigations indicated that under clear sunny and cloudy conditions the radiometric properties depends mostly on both net porosity and its’ colour. Net reflectance strongly depends on net colour. Transmittance and absorption of electromagnetic spectrum by a particular net primarily depends on colour and secondarily on porosity. Since the nets are composed of holes, in addition to the translucent-photo-selective plastic threads, they actually create mixtures of natural, unmodified light, which is passing through the holes, together with the diffused, spectrally modified light, which is emitted by the photo-selective threads. This changes in electromagnetic spectrum helps in enhancing the crop performance under a particular colour of a net. In this paper a comprehensive review of research work carried out on influence of shade net colour on vegetable production are being presented and the recommendation of a particular colour net for a particular crop is are being presented.

Phytoremediation a green technology consists of process phytoextraction, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization, phytovolatifization, phytodegradation with increasing industrialization mining pesticides sewage disposal, heavy metal deposition and other contaminants are added in water and soil through human activities. These interfere with the metabolic functions of plants, inhibition phytosynthesis, respiration, crop yield, sometimes intracellular compartments of cell. Mining include crushing, grinding, washing, smelting. There are biologically active chemical constituents in plants. Catachins, Isoflavones, Isothiocyanate, Indoles, Caffeic acid, Apigenin, Lignins, Reveratrol etc which are helpful in certain diseases like arthritis, cancer, cardiovascular problems, acute respiratory damages etc.

Presently researchers show lot interest in microarray gene expression dataset. Recently huge library of biological information mining algorithm has been developed for the analytical evaluation of gene expression. Mining microarray gene expression is an imperative subject in bioinformatics in diagnosis of disease. This research paper analyzes how microarray data sets are used to predict the various diseases that spread through gene. The paper mainly focuses on prediction of heart disease, obesity and diabetes. These are the diseases that are deadly in nature.

In this paper, we review CMOS LC Voltage Controlled Oscillators (VCO) for wireless multi-standard transceivers and wireless communications. The main parameters, such as power dissipation, Tuning range, phase noise, carrier frequency, supply voltage figure of merit (FOMt) were reviewed.

Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed and is known for causing a series of problems for aquatic life. If targeted properly, it can act as an extremely important alternative source of organic material for production of nutrient enriched organic manures by composting process. Water hyacinth has remarkable nutritive properties which not only result in healthy aquatic system but also add manure in the soil for sustainable productivity. Composting refers to the conversion of organic waste into organic manure. Composting is the biological decomposition and stabilization of organisms under condition that allows development of the thermophilic temperature as a result of biologically produced heat, with a final product sufficiently stable for storage and application to field without any adverse environmental effect .Keeping the above in mind the an experiment was conducted at the farm of Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal (geographical location 23° 18" N latitude, 77° 24" E longitude, altitude 485 m amsl). Water hyacinth collected from Kaliasot river passing by Danish Kunj Bhopal and Cow dung as a raw material from Lamba Kheda village near IISS, Bhopal. Rock phosphate, lime and urea amendment, arranged from Soil Biology Division, IISS, and Bhopal for production of different types of enriched composts prepared from water hyacinth. Result of the study revealed that water hyacinth has remarkable nutritive properties that can be used for the production of nutrient enriched compost which not only result in healthy aquatic system but control act as soil amendment& Different enriched composts from water hyacinth viz; phospho compost, phospho compost with lime, phospho nitro compost, phospho sulpho nitro compost, vermicompost and microbial enriched composts. Among these composts, the highest percentage of N was evaluated in phospho nitro compost and phospho compost. The highest percentage of P and K were also recorded in phospho sulpho nitro compost (P 0.89and K 1.04) and the lowest percentage of P and K being recorded in control (P 0.56 and K 1.02).

The studies on the varieties of glasses have been carried out to understand the strength of various types of the glasses available in our country. The naturally occurring glass do not have a high hardness and good quality, generally it breaks, when the variety of compression force/ tensile force, or couple shear forces are active on these glasses. The verities of glasses are available as per the utility of glasses, the manufacturer have as per their own requirement with different composition. In this paper variety of glasses has been discussed with composition and qualities.

The proposed innovation is based on providing atomized water directly to Combustion Chamber. This will eliminate the drawback of Plug getting short. The system will use high voltage to get active hydrogen from H2o and Khandkes Non-Return Valve for Perfect Combustion. Exhaust gases is just a water steam. So catholic convertor is not required, as there is no pollution (Environment Friendly Cycle is maintained)

AISECT University is the first university in private sector in Madhya Pradesh which focused on research, practical exposure and skill development in higher education. One of the initiatives taken was the creation of a Centre for Renewable Energy (CRE) in the university which is developing various training facilities and also making efforts towards a greener campus. An Energy Park is a part of CRE which will have many working demonstration models of energy generation, management and conservation. What sets this Energy Park apart from similar other set-ups is the fact that this is being developed using university's own resources with lot of innovative ideas. A full working model of Hydro Electric Power Plant has been developed for the Energy Park using waste material/scrap (kabad). This model is the first of its kind which depicts full working of a Hydro Power Plant providing conceptual knowledge to actual working and motivating students for research & innovation.

Technology is changing to embrace the cloud. Cloud Computing is simply sharing computing resources that are available through a service provider. Those resources can be storage space, use of software applications or servers. You buy more if you need more resources; you give back resources that you no longer need. Cloud computing infrastructure enables companies to cut costs; by outsourcing computations on-demand. However, clients of cloud computing services currently have no means of vering the confidentiality & integrity of their data and computation. The paper tableaux a Publish-Subscribe model to balance the real and perceived risks with the value of adopting a cloud solution that improves the security of data over the cloud. Keywords: technology, cloud computing, confidentiality, integrity, publish, subscribe.

Solar power is very curious subject flaming all over world in all sectors from space station to agro-irrigation because of unlimited availability of free solar radiation without proprietorships and non-judicial! Concerning to use of solar power in micro irrigation sector is in primeval stage because of lack of unawareness on design aspects and exceptional types of electro-mechanical machines to pressurized micro irrigation system. In broad-spectrum micro irrigation is a pressurized irrigation system requires electrical/gasoline powered centrifugal pump-set to generate unswervingly pressure for irrigation of crops mainly for 16-20 hours to meet the crop demand on daily basis. Means, while irrigating the crops for 16-20 hours on daily basis, recurring cost of electricity or fuel becomes enormous resulting in non-sustainability and viability of agri-irrigation projects. That's the reason in many parts in the world agriculture is diminishing and agriculture land is turning to desertification. Second hot issue is shortage of power! Demand vs supply ratio of power is so truncated every year, that none of the Government is enduring to overcome this ratio in future in spite of allocation of huge funds. UN report says that there is a deficit of 21-85% electricity in many countries and increasing @ 7-15 % every year. Hence, more thrust is given to alternative renewable and sustainable source of energy i.e. Solar Power! Although, solar radiation is freely available, it has limitation and is not so cost effective to afford & reliable to everyone. Countries positioned across the equator have wide scope of harvesting maximum solar power 350 water?. Potential of solar energy decreases while proceeding towards north-south poles @ 3 to 5 % per degree of latitude. However, solar energy harvesting is dependent on temperature, relative humidity, clouds, latitude, longitude and obstructions at the particular location. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire the climatic data from nearest meteorological station. Base on meteorological data, potential of solar energy harvested can be estimated for design purpose along with solar module and allied equipment. Since solar radiation is available in a day time for generation of power, the entire irrigation to crops has to be concluded in a day time most preferably. Obviously all the design calculation is based on the fluctuation of solar radiation from morning to evening and season to season to meet the crop water demand. The concern article throws light on fundamental of solar energy and design principles & considerations and its usefulness micro irrigation system.

Green light for safety, fuel saving, pollution control and motion indicator in automobiles is a novel innovative idea being propagated by the author. The Introduction of green light at rear end of the vehicles will give us the information about the motion of the vehicle in traffic on road and will also increase the life of gear, clutch plate and engine thus giving high fuel efficiency. It will provide safety to all vehicles on road. It will minimize pollution on road. Thus, GREEN LIGHT will prove a boon to Indian automobile industry and world too. The concept has been tested on Indian roads and yielded excellent results.

Chamravattam regulator cum bridge is the largest road bridge in Kerala, which was constructed in the form of a barrage to store the water in Bharathapuzha River. Within a short span of time after construction, a large amount of seepage was observed beneath the structure. This project aims to study about the seepage problem of Chamravattam regulator cum bridge. The study was conducted with the help of 2D Finite element model, Geo-slope. Using the model the quantity of seepage, exit gradient and uplift pressure distribution in different cross sections were found. The check for resistance to the uplift and piping phenomenon was done in the cross-section where the seepage flow was found maximum. The obtained results were compared with the existing site conditions. The possible reasons for seepage problems were found.

India is rapidly growing country in the world. Since Independence, India has made a positive attempt to improve the status of people in our country by introducing various policies and programmes at social sectors. The Health sector is also one of the important sectors which will come under social sector. There is a responsibility of the government that to maintain the health status of its citizen and also provide a good health facilities to all. In various five years plans, Govt. has given high priorities for public health facilities providing special allocations in the budget. Now a days the issue of public expenditure took vital important, especially in the health sector. It also impact on the per capita income of the nation and progress of the country. Still there is a lack of facilities in health sector including poor infrastructure facilities; lack of doctors, medicines, lack of advanced technology, motivation etc. These are all effects on the progress of the country. Hence, presently India took it as a challenge and made a positive attempt to create a globalized health standard in the country. It can create a number of job opportunities, business opportunities to attract the foreign investment and mainly to improve the health status of all people especially focused on rural people. This paper is deals with the public health expenditure in India.

Education is of several types and patterns. There is for example, the arts education, the scientific education, the religious education, the physical education. In India, as in other countries, much stress has been laid on the promotion of technical education since the attainment of independence. India's economic ills are sought to be overcome through a process of Industrialization for which, in turn, technical education is very essential. In other words, technical education is a vital prelude to India's property. The scope if technical education is very comprehensive. It incorporates within itself all subjects if study in engineering and technology. Civil engineering, Mechanical engineering, Electrical engineering, Mining engineering, Aeronautical engineering, Metallurgical engineering, Industrial engineering, Chemical engineering, Agricultural engineering, Production engineering, and a host of other fields of engineering form part of technical education. "Quality in technical education is a complex concept that has eluded clear definition. There are a variety of stakeholders in higher education including students, employers, teaching and non-teaching staff government and its funding agencies, accreditors, valuators', auditors, and assessors (including professional bodies).Each of these stakeholders has a different view on quality, influenced by his or her own interest in higher education. For example, to the committed scholar, the quality of higher education is its ability to produce a steady flow of people with high intelligence and commitment to learning that will continue the process of transmission and advancement of knowledge. To the government, a high quality system is one that produces trained scientists, engineers, and architects, doctors and so on in numbers judged to be required by society. The present work enlightens same path, so as to fulfill the demands of market and to improve quality of education in the present work some quality tools such as LINEAR PROGRAMMING, TQM, QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT, with chi square testing and mat lab, have been used. Basic primary tool used is LPP which helps in converting demand of customer to action. It helps in understanding unspoken needs of customer which are desperately needed to be fulfilled. In this improvement work main focus was on improvement of labs and teaching staff, for maintenance of labs & improvement in teaching, use of quality circle is stressed with concept of TPM and Kaizen approach. Most interesting thing if using these tools was that they helped in achievement if desired target without much added resource, only refinement of procedure; moreover maintenance helps in gaining knowledge with saving extra expenditure. This also helps in up gradation (I quality products which satisfies external customer.

This paper proposes a technique that can kill two birds with one stone: It will put an end to the menace of non-biodegradable plastic wastes and discarded tyres which host dengue- and malaria-causing mosquitoes; and it will do so by recycling the plastic and tyres by breaking them into smaller molecules transforming them into usable fuel for industrial boilers and furnaces besides in generating electricity. The proposal is for setting up plastic and discarded tyres recycling units which uses a technique called pyrolysis. The term Pyrolysis has its genesis in the Greek word 'pyro' meaning Iire" and lysis' meaning "separating". The thermal cracking or pyrolysis degrades the polymeric or plastic materials by heating them in the absence of oxygen at temperatures ranging from 450-600 degree Celsius.

Performance Appraisal is the important aspect in the organization to evaluate the employee's performance. It helps in understanding the employee work culture, involvement, and satisfaction. It helps the organization in deciding employee's promotion, transfer, incentive and pay increases. A Performance Appraisal is the final stage of the performance, management process (AMP). The entire process of performance management involves round the year association between supervisors and subordinates through stages of planning, coaching and evaluation of the performance at work This research paper highlights the fact that by stressing effective performance management as a key tool of communication and motivation within organizations provides a competitive edge through strategic change and control. Developing external relationship, communicating this idea to employees and evaluating their commitment levels through structured parameters will help in achieving organizational objectives.

The International Conference on Water, Environment, Energy, and Society-2016 (IC-WEES-16) was held on March 15-18, 2016, at AISECT University, Bhopal, M.P., India. A & M Texas University USA, ICEWaRM Australia and IETE Austria were Coorganisors/Collaborators of this conference. The primary objective of the conference was fourfold: (1) To emphasize the significance of water-environment-energy nexus for the well-being of society; (2) to bring engineers, scientists, policy makers, decision makers, administrators, economists, environmentalists, and social scientists together to discuss the role each has to play in social development; (3) to emphasize the participation of stakeholders and users-in decision making; and (4) to discuss the latest developments in science and technology and their applications in the water, environment and energy areas.

The beam house operations in tanning process of hides / skins comprises of soaking, liming, fleshing and deliming operations. The removal of animal hair and flesh from skin is facilitated by the liming operation. About 5m3/ton wastewater containing a credible concentration of sulphide and dissolved proteins are discharged.lt is highly alkaline and having high BOD/COD ratio. The biological treatment of wastewater that occurs at neutral pH requires neutralization of the wastewater using acidic stream. This results in the emission of hydrogen sulphide which is considered to be highly toxic gas. The present investigation employed Heterogeneous Peroxide oxidation process(HP0) for the oxidation of sulphide in the lime sulphide liquor without sludge production with simultaneous removal of COD from wastewater. The screened effluent was adjusted to pH 9.7 using conc. Sulphuric acid and it is catalytically oxidized with Hydrogen peroxide 3.921mM/L and Nano Porous Activated Carbon (NPAC),30 g/1, at HRT 24 hr. The dosage of Hydrogen peroxide, mass of NPAC and HRT were optimized The integrated catalytic and biological oxidation in FICCO (Fluidized Immobilized Carbon Catalytic Oxidation) reactor eliminated COD, sulfide, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, protein, Amino acids and Total organic compound by 66.66%, 98.95%,75.67%,44.21%, 48.98% and 62.18% respectively. The sulphide present in the wastewater was catalytically oxidized to sulphate and ammonia content was increased by 78.05% by cleaving protein molecules.

Molluscs species of three reservoirs Panshet, Khadakwasla and Ujjani reservoirs were studied. Good number of molluscs species were found in Ujjani reservoir comparatively. A Physicochmical study of three reservoirs was related with the abundance of molluscs. Presence of molluscs were due to alkaline nature, more calcium content and salts with high BOD ,COD Nutrients, plant population of Ujjani reservoir located in downstream which had relatively more dissolved salts than Panshet and Khadakwasla reservoir located in the upstream with less human pressures showed less number of molluscs.

This work presents a novel approach for topology analysis in Optical WDM Network The idea is to make a system in which different topologies can be analyzed. The need for this type of approach is to improve the performances of the Optical WDM Networks, as time goes performance of these networks degrades, due to arrival of new applications.

Association rule mining is important tool for data analysis. The associations rule mining technique finds the relation between two different attributes on the basis of support and confidence value. The association rule mining technique gives two algorithms for analysis of data, one is memory based and the other is memory independent. The memory based algorithm is well known algorithm called apriori algorithm and memory impendent algorithm is called FP-growth algorithm. The rough set based rule generation technique is a new approach for classification. In this technique rough set generates a number of rules, these generated rules design the class builder and finally data are classified. The rough set based classification technique reduces the number of attributes during the classification process. For the optimization and better prediction of classification gravitational search optimization technique in combination of rough set theory is used This paper discusses the rough set theory, rule generation algorithm and Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), proposed algorithm and proposed model for the classification process.

This research paper presenting the experimental investigations on the effect of metallic inclusions on a dielectric substrate for tailoring the properties of met materials and a dual band micro strip patch antenna along with the met material structure that is proposed at a height of 3.3 mm from the ground plane, which consists of a geometry incorporated with a special arrangement that is c fashioned arrangement Actually this research paper principally paying attention on going up the probable parameters of high gain broadband microstrip patch antennas and analyzing the dual band procedure of the proposed antenna. dielectric properties of samples are measured with dissimilar metallic inclusions and the outcome are compared with and without inclusions. The proposed antenna is designed to resonate frequency at 2.488 GHz and 2.920 GHz frequency and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna is at 2.488 GHz along with the proposed met material structure is improved with 20.5 MHz frequency and return loss is reduced by the 20.138 dB. At 2.920 GHz frequency the impedance bandwidth is improved by 25.5 MHz and return loss is reduced by 19.574 dB. For verifying that the proposed met material structure possesses the designs of several samples leading negative valves of Permittivity and Permeability within the operating frequency ranges presented along with their experimental results.

This paper aims to study the cost efficiency of public hospitals in the State of Andhra Pradesh (before bifurcation). For this purpose 12 district hospitals were selected from different regions of Andhra Pradesh state and their common Decision Making Units (DMUs) identified. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) econometric tool has been used to measure the efficiency and the best performing hospitals have been ranked The data was collected from Andhra Pradesh Vaidya Vidhana Parishad (APVVP) for five years. The analysis is done by classifying the data into Input, Output and Explanatory variables. The results show that few hospitals are ranked high due to consistent performance and other hospitals who scored less are law performing hospitals during the period of study.

In order to deal with disaster effectively, it is very important to identify the disaster scale and provide the accurate information about the site of disaster in real time. Sharing information on disaster situation helps to control and prevent the causalities during disaster. The Internet is a necessary tool to share the vital information about the disaster. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (loT) based disaster alert system which can also be used to monitor the environmental conditions based on air, noise, temperature and humidity parameters. The system was successfully tested at Simhasth-2016 at Wain.

The main aim of this paper is a determine to reduce emission characteristic for gas turbine combustion. In semi empirical method of annular combustor design, there is a prediction for emission products (like nitrogen dioxide (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), smoke and residents) etc. To calculate the amount of emissions for flight operating conditions and landing takeoff condition where high radiation (NOx) occurred. In lean premix staged combustion, fuel and oxidizer (air) mixed before combustion at primary zone and it’s entirely different from diffusion flame combustion because combustion takes place simultaneously mixing of fuel and oxidizer (air). So lean premixed staged combustion process is the best way to reduce emission to minimize equivalence ratio of primary zone of annular combustor, so that its control the emission. In this method, we control emission through reduce specific fuel consumption (SFC) at landing and takeoff cycle (LTO cycle) and fuel-air ratio compare with stoichiometric equation of fuel and oxidizer (air). The engine thermodynamic state is mainly determined by the thrust demand of the aircraft, the ambient conditions and different flight missions have to be considered. Therefore a flight performance module is presented by using the technique of lean premix combustion to control the emission and to improve the performance of engine SFC.

The hundreds of millions of people in India live in villages in abysmal condition without basic amenities like electricity, sanitation facility, drinking water and cooking gas. According to the Census of India Report 2011: 64 percent of rural population of our country uses firewood, 13 percent crop residue and 12.8 percent use cow dung for cooking and 56 percent of our rural population uses kerosene for lighting. One of the main causes of lack of progress in rural areas is the inadequate and unreliable electricity supply and modern energy services.

Owing to financial constraints, lack of job security and limitation in facilities, teaching job in private or self-financed institutions is not being a preferred option by the job seekers willing to enter into academic profession. Even then, most of the people engaged in teaching profession are attached with the private institutions producing 90% of graduates in engineering and management.

Nuclear energy can light up the country by providing electricity. But also be used in a variety of other field including health care to prevent, diagnose and treat disease. Application of radioisotopes (RI) in health care constitutes one of the most important peaceful uses of atomic energy. Today, over 8,00,000 patient investigations are carried out annually in India spanning over 500 centers using radiopharmaceuticals. As far as radiation therapy is concerned, there are more than 300 radionuclides therapy units operating in over 220 radiotherapy centers in India.

Production of radioisotopes in India started way back in 1956 with commissioning of 1 MW research reactor named as APSARA. The production capability was augmented in 1963 when 40 MW CIRUS reactor attained its full rated capacity. During the early seventies, a strong need was felt for building another research reactor with higher neutron flux to meet the growing demand of radioisotopes.

High energy electrons from accelerators-both focused and scanned have been utilized for a number of applications in the fields of medicine, engineering, industry, environmental protection and research. Focused electron beams and bremsstrahlung x-rays are employed mainly in radiotherapy and industrial engineering applications. Scanned beams up to 10 MeV are utilized extensively for irradiating materials on large scale in industry, called as EB processing. High voltage linear accelerators like Cockroft-walton generators, Dynamitron etc. (DC machines) and RF linacs are beneficially used for these applications suitable in terms of robust design, cost and beam characteristics. The associated equipment and irradiation geometry are normally chosen specific to the application. Presently, processing of materials using high energy electron accelerators (200keV-10MeV) constitutes the largest commercial radiation application in the industry. World over, there are over 2000 accelerators operating in the wire/cable, heat shrinkable, surface curing and other related industries. These industrial type accelerators have the ability to deliver high doses at dose rates of the order of 10 kGy s-1 (1010 - 1012 Gy s-1 in case of pulse accelerators) as compared to few Gy/s for 60Co gamma irradiators. They can be operated continuously for 24 hours/day and have been in use for on-line processing of wires & cables, films, tyres etc. With the availability of high energy pulse accelerators (5-10MeV) operating at power range of 10-100 kW, coupled with x-ray generation systems, sterilization of medical products has become competitive to present 60Co gamma sterilization.

The medical cyclotron facility (MCF) installed at RMC, Parel, is used for producing positron emitting radioactive isotopes for clinical imaging using positron emission tomography (PET). The MCF was commissioned in October 2002, and dedicated to the nation by then Prime Minister of India.

Over the years BRIT has developed state of art technology for laboratory research irradiators which are suited most for carrying out research and development works in the fields of radiation processing. These equipment which house radioactive sources up to 14 kCi are having a number of features to meet users requirements. They are manufactured as per the national and International standards of safety codes. The paper deals with design, development and application aspects of laboratory research irradiator called Gamma Chamber and also the new security features planned for incorporation in the equipment. Equipment are being regularly manufactured, supplied and installed by BRIT in India & Abroad. There is a number of such equipment in use at different institutions and are found to be very useful.

Man is living with radioactivity and exposure to ionizing radiation and the usage of radioisotope or radiation for the benefit of mankind is on increase. There is understandably a high level of public interest in any ‘Nuclear/Radiation’ related news. On the other hand, timely availability of authentic / factual / credible information on the subject is limited. Due to this, there are several common misconceptions to the extent that any event immediately conjures up visions of deformed children, high cancer incidence, a Chernobyl type event or even a nuclear explosion like Hiroshima and Nagasaki. It is essential that any possible nuclear / radiation emergency especially in public domain is addressed in rational manner without any preconceived notion / bias. Due to the wide applications and usage of radioactive sources for the benefit of society, large number of radiological accidents (Goiania, Morocco, Mayapuri etc.) has occurred, world over, compared to a few nuclear accidents. The number of deaths reported due to radiological emergencies is many times higher compared to the total number of deaths (58) due to nuclear emergencies (Chernobyl& Fukushima). In the accident at Chernobyl reactor release of large quantity of radioactivity to the environment took place due to the errors in design, operating procedures and lack of adequate containment to retain the pressure build-up. In the accident at Fukushima nuclear plants, release of radioactivity to the environment took place due to the unexpectedly severe Tsunami waves (more than 14m high) affecting the required continuous cooling for the removal of decay heat in the reactor fuel of the reactor cores though they survived the large magnitude earthquake. Inspite of the release of large quantity of radioactivity into the environment, which generated fear on the possible health effects among the exposed persons, there are no indications of occurrence of fatal cancer or other deleterious effects to the member of public except few thyroid cancer cases due to the exposure to radioiodine releases.

Radiations and radioisotopes are used in agricultural research to induce genetic variability in crop plants to develop improved varieties, to manage insect pests, monitor fate and persistence of pesticides, to study fertilizer use efficiency and plant micronutrient uptake and also to preserve agricultural produce. Use of radiation and radioisotopes in agriculture is one of the most important fields of peaceful applications of atomic energy for societal benefit and BARC has contributed significantly in this area especially in the development of new mutant crop varieties. With an effective blend of induced mutagenesis along with recombination breeding 42 new crop varieties developed at BARC have been released and Gazette notified by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for commercial cultivation. These include 21 in oilseeds (15-groundnut, 3-mustard, 2 soybeans, 1 sunflower), 19 in pulses (8-mungbean, 5-urdbean, 5-pigeonpea, 1-cowpea) and one each in rice and jute. Some of the desirable traits which have been bred through induced mutations in these crops include higher yield, improved quality traits, early maturity and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. Several of these varieties have high patronage from the farming community and are extensively grown across the country.

Radiation processing of food involves controlled application of energy from ionizing radiations such as gamma rays, electrons and X-rays on food to achieve desired objectives. Gamma rays and X-rays are short wavelength radiations of the electromagnetic spectrum. Approved sources of gamma radiation for food processing are radioisotopes (Cobalt-60 and Caesium-137), electron beam (up to 10 MeV) and X-rays (up to 5 MeV). Later two is generated by machines using electricity. Gamma radiation can penetrate deep into food materials and bring about desired effects. Irradiation works by disrupting the biological processes that lead to decay. In their interaction with water and other molecules that make up food and living organisms, radiation energy is absorbed by the molecules they contact. The interaction of radiation and radiolysis products of water with DNA impair reproducing capacity of microorganism and insects as well as the ability of underground vegetables such as potato and onion to sprout.

Insurance has long history in India. The insurance process has been developed to defend the interests of common man from ambiguity by giving some assistance. The insurance policy is more important. The insurance provides protection and defense against the loss on an exacting occasion. The insurance sector is divided in two parts life and general or non-life Life insurance deals with only human lives and non-life deals with other than human life. In 1818, a British company called Oriental Life Insurance setup the first insurance firm in India followed by the Bombay Assurance Company in 1823 and the Madras Equitable Life Insurance Society in 1829. The government created a specific Board to deal with promotion of FDI in India and to be the sole agency to handle matters related to FDI. Private insurance has able to obtained 13 per cent of the life insurance market and 14 per cent of non-life market within very short period of time. However, there is still an enormous demand of insurance in market. The objective of this paper is to study the growth and progress of insurance industry in India.

Positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) is the recent approach to functional and anatomical imaging. The state-of-the-art PET-MRI scanners simultaneously acquire functional PET and anatomical or functional MRI data. As function and anatomy are not totally independent of one another the images to be reconstructed are likely to have shared structures. PET provides metabolic information and the MRI anatomic structure. Thus, the two modalities provide complimentary information, and it has greatly enhanced its clinical applications like imaging in oncology, neurology, and cardiology. This paper gives an overall understanding of PEP- MRI system.

In this paper the conceptual level in the development of algebra and related issues are discussed. The conceptual level and historical phases of development of algebra and their usage is illustrated with the help of examples. In particular, utilizing the concepts is also discussed with implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics.

Compact heat exchangers are one of the most critical components of many cryogenic components; they are characterized by a high heat transfer surface area per unit volume of the exchanger. The heat exchangers having surface area density (β) greater than 700 m2/m3 in either one or more sides of two-stream or multi stream heat exchanger is called as a compact heat exchanger. Plate fin heat exchanger is a type of compact heat exchanger which is widely used in automobiles, cryogenics, space applications and chemical industries. The various performance parameters like effectiveness, heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop obtained through experiments is compared with the values obtained from the different correlations. The longitudinal heat conduction through walls decreases the heat exchanger effectiveness, especially of cryogenic heat exchangers, so the effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient is found out by considering the effect of longitudinal heat conduction.

There is a broad use of the term “paradigm” in Software Engineering. Concepts such as Structured paradigm, Cascade paradigm or Agent-oriented paradigm are very frequent in SE research proposals. The functional and scientific paradigm in SE is about the functional or engineering paradigm rather than scientific paradigm. Four possible perspectives and, in this context, the scientific perspective is intrinsic and hence very difficult to properly identify and describe. A discussion about the scientific paradigm in SE could help us to evaluate and improve the research practice in SE. A Programming Paradigm is simply a fundamental style of computer programming. It is like the blue print of a construction site. A programming paradigm provides some very basic concepts and patterns which various designers of programming languages adopt and implement.

The anti-phishing tool is said to be ideal, when it is giving accurate, timely result and conspicuously identify phishing websites that user visit. In this paper, popular anti-phishing filter tools are discussed with their functionality. The performance of the anti-phishing tools can varies on the source of URL used for testing method. A browser based anti-phishing system model is proposed to protect the user from phishing attack. In the proposed system, the Add-on tool sends the collected information to the main server which is again categorized in five assigned servers on their functionality. The outcome of the proposed system is showing around 96 percentage successful results after a series of experiments. The proposed system checks and gives the result for all accessed websites.

The current research attempts to analyze and compare the employability of the undergraduates and recent pass out engineering students across Madhya Pradesh with reference to the specific & generic skill level required in industry. The analysis is based on sample response from regional, national, global employers and engineering graduates’ respondents drawn from Bhopal, Jabalpur & Vidisha region of Madhya Pradesh. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey in which thirteen attributes of general skills and fourteen attributes of specific skills were measured; using five point scale based on their importance levels. The study intends to analyze and measure the levels of employability and the variation there in as per gender, type of institute (Government or private), medium of schooling & city, and the expected employability level of the employers. The sample from students studying in final year & recent pass out group reveals that the employability of engineering graduates of M.P. is lower than the score required in industry. This low level of employability is seen on account of both generic skills & specific skills. This indicates that despite of increase in numbers of engineering colleges & efforts to increase the employability, the engineering graduate lacks in employability skills. The findings suggests that engineering institutes, should focus to improve the skill set of graduates, focus on the assessments and curricula in analyzing and solving engineering problems, as well as increased creativity and interact more with Industries to understand the particular demand for skills in that region and sector. It can be further enriched with the involvement of Industry in academics. After classifying all skills by factor analysis, it is found that the soft skills are very important specifically the communication skill. The analysis also confirms that the male and female respondent does not differ significantly on account of employability. Tools used for analysis are reliability test, factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha test, mean score, standard deviation, t-test analysis, ANOVA and other statistical tools. The result of analysis reveals the low level of employability skills among the engineering undergraduates & pass-outs of M.P.

“Of late, green transformation is often being talked about very vehemently. What better a way to achieve this transformation than by embracing the ‘intelligent buildings’ philosophy?” Green Computing is the practice of using computing resources efficiently in order to reduce e-waste and the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste.

Since the discovery of ionizing radiation (1895) and radioactivity (1896), atomic energy has practically established itself firmly all over the world. Its applications can be found in practically all parts of the globe and touches almost every aspect of human life. Today, it is helping the mankind in meeting the challenges of the ever-increasing demand for energy, food and water and is assisting them in their industrial growth, mitigation of global warming, healthcare and environmental issues. Although atomic energy and radiation technologies have contributed immensely to the growth and betterment of human life all across the world, they are always shrouded by undue fears and perceptions which do not have a scientific basis.

White LEDs are labelled as solid state semiconductor lighting, which will act as future generation lighting to replace conventional lamp and backlight due to the advantages of low power consumption, free of mercury, high response, no thermal radiation, long life time, high stability and so on. Currently available phosphor in the market mainly they are high correlated colour temperature, low Colour Rendering Index, synthesis process is difficult. Phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes for indoor illumination need to be warm white (i.e., correlated colour temperature, 4000 K) with good colour rendition (i.e., colour rendering index 80). For the synthesis of new phosphor, the concept, as well as the methodology of using a mineral-inspired approach in combination with solution parallel synthesis (SPS) for exploration of new phosphors among Na/K, Sr (Ba)/SC silicate along with the artificial library, is reported. Moreover, the compositional tuning of the properties of extended solids through solid solution; sometimes referred to as the game of x and y, as, for example, in K1-xNaxSr1-yBayScSi2O7 is also demonstrated. Our expected out come to develop new phosphor using mineral inspired methodology for develop high luminous efficiency and CRI of the phosphor.

Urban population growth together with other pressures, such as climate change, create enormous challenges to provision of urban infrastructure services, including gas, electricity, transport, water, etc. Smart grid technology is viewed as the way forward to ensure that infrastructure networks are flexible, accessible, reliable and economical. “Intelligent water networks” take advantage of the latest information and communication technologies to gather and act on information to minimize waste and deliver more sustainable water services. The effective management of water distribution, urban drainage and sewerage infrastructure is likely to require increasingly sophisticated computational techniques to keep pace with the level of data that is collected from measurement instruments in the field. This paper describes two examples of intelligent systems developed to utilize this increasingly available real-time sensed information in the urban water environment. The first deals with the failure-management decision-support system for water distribution networks, NEPTUNE, that takes advantage of intelligent computational methods and tools applied to near real-time logger data providing pressures, flows and tank levels at selected points throughout the system. The second, called RAPIDS, deals with urban drainage systems and the utilization of rainfall data to predict Flooding of urban areas in near real-time. The two systems have the potential to provide early warning and scenario testing for decision makers within reasonable time, this being a key requirement of such systems. Computational methods that require hours or days to run will not be able to keep pace with fast-changing situations such as pipe bursts or manhole flooding and thus the systems developed are able to react in close to real time.

Generally heat transfer from fluid flowing to the stationary plate due to conduction process. After conduction further heat transfer will takes place that is due to convection process. Heat transfer will be reducing due to low thermal conductivity and due to relatively low air velocity. To overcome such type of a problem it is necessary to use artificial roughness to break laminar sub layer in order to reduce the thermal resistance and to increase the turbulence of flowing fluid result increase in heat transfer rate. In order to increase the heat transfer in solar air heater artificial roughness in spiral-pipe form are used. Inside the spiral pipes hot oil enforced to flow so it will create a further enhancement of heat transfer to the flowing air across the tubes. High frictional losses occur due to artificial roughness result high power required for the fluid flow. Turbulence results Due to artificial roughness which ultimately break the viscous laminar sub layer.

In many countries of the world, the use of solar thermal systems in the agricultural area to conserve vegetables, fruits, coffee and other crops has shown to be practical, economical and the responsible approach environmentally. Solar energy is freely available during day time, while it's not available in the night, which is the major drawback for such type of the systems. Developing efficient and inexpensive energy storage devices using through phase change materials (PCMs) in solar dryers, which can play an important role in energy conservation to fill the gap in between energy supply/demand and important as developing new sources of energy. Also the PCMs storage integrated with a solar dryer for drying of fruits and vegetable and other food products is found to be promising low cost option for preservations. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been taken to summarize the investigation of the solar drying system incorporating with PCMs for drying agricultural food products and also the development of the PCMs for these applications at NCEL, RGIPT, Rae Bareli, U.P., India.

The use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCMs) is an effective way of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. PCMs have been widely used in latent heat thermal-storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering, and spacecraft thermal control applications. The uses of PCMs for heating and cooling applications for buildings have been investigated within the past decade. There are large numbers of PCMs that melt and solidify at a wide range of temperatures, making them attractive in a number of applications. The present study includes the energy storage materials R & D efforts at NCEL, RGIPT through commercial grade fatty acids used as potential PCMs. The selected fatty acids were capric, stearic, palmitic, myristic and lauric acid with melting temperatures between 25–70°C and industrial-grade with 95–99% purity. Latent heat storage capacity and phase transition temperature of the PCMs were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) technique and showed that all developed materials at NCEL, have a low melting point which is very much essential for low temperature thermal application as well as with a good amount of latent heat of fusion which is also quite suitable and the most desired parameter to implement any kind of PCMs for the designing the system.

The cooperative caching is one of the most attractive schemes used in the area of Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs) to improve the data access performance. The cached data is shared between multiple mobile nodes which cooperatively manages the cached contents. The node mobility and unpredictable network partitioning creates additional overhead, latency and reduces data access ratios in the highly dynamic network environment. An efficient adaptive cache update protocol (ACUP) is proposed in this paper, which address the above problems effectively. A Rendezvous Region (RR) is adopted in the proposed work to exploit the cluster based approach that satisfies the data consistency requirements among partitioned network. A content server transmits data through cluster head nodes (H-Nodes) to local mobile nodes (L-Nodes) in a rendezvous region. The ACUP provides the consistency of cached data in L nodes by utilizing a Time-To-Live (TTL) threshold value. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing scheme called Flexible Cache Consistency Maintenance (FCCM) in terms of reduced delay, control overheads and increased packet delivery ratio.

RuPay is an Indian domestic card scheme like Visa and MasterCard conceived and launched by National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). NPCI is an institution driven by Reserve Bank of India(RBI) to support/drive all the retail payment systems in the country. NPCI was founded in 2008 under RBI with ten core promoter banks. It's mission is to fulfill RBI’s vision of having a domestic, open loop and multilateral system of payments in India. RuPay hopes to give banks new opportunities to operate in the card payments domain of India. The President of India Shri Pranab Mukherjee on May 8, 2014 dedicates ‘RuPay’ to the nation. The core objective of the RuPay Payment scheme is to consolidate and integrate the multiple payments systems with varying service levels into nation-wide uniform and standard business process for all retail payment systems. With the introduction of the RuPay card India is one of the few countries to have developed a card system domestically. RuPay can be used at ATMs, at Points of Sale(PoS) or retail shops all over the country and for online shopping as well. It will offer immense convenience to Indian consumers.

Nanoparticles are known to have distinct properties than their bulk counterparts. Besides, metastable or even amorphous phases of bulk materials with new properties can be synthesized in nanosize form. Both the understanding of nanomaterials properties and the synthesis of new phases of nanomaterials can be undertaken with the help of the application of static high pressures. High pressure techniques allow a precise control of interatomic distances in materials which is an invaluable way to investigate many fundamental and unique properties of nanoparticles. Furthermore, studies of nanocrystals at high pressures can lead to the synthesis of new nanomaterials since many high-pressure phases of bulk materials can be metastably recovered at ambient conditions after a high-pressure treatment of nanomaterials. In this work, we will review some of the capabilities of high pressure studies to understand nanoparticle properties and to create new nanomaterials by providing some examples. We will also present some of the most recent advances in the study of nanomaterials at high pressures.

Energy is critical, directly or indirectly, in the entire process of evolution, growth and survival of all living beings and it plays a vital role in the socio-economic development and human welfare of a country. Energy has come to be known as a `strategic commodity’ and any uncertainty about its supply can threaten the functioning of the economy, particularly in developing economies. Achieving energy security in this strategic sense is of fundamental importance not only to India’s economic growth but also for the human development objectives that aim at alleviation of poverty, unemployment and meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Holistic planning for achieving these objectives requires quality energy statistics that is able to address the issues related to energy demand, energy poverty and environmental effects of energy growth. Renewable energy represents an area of tremendous opportunity for India. Energy is considered a prime agent in the generation of wealth and a significant factor in economic development. Energy is also essential for improving the quality of life. Development of conventional forms of energy for meeting the growing energy needs of society at a reasonable cost is the responsibility of the Government. Limited fossil resources and associated environmental problems have emphasized the need for new sustainable energy supply options. India depends heavily on coal and oil for meeting its energy demand which contributes to smog, acid rain and greenhouse gases’ emission. Last 25 years has been a period of intense activities related to research, development, production and distribution of energy in India. Keywords: compound annual growth rate (CAGR), Renewable energy, Energy conservation.

The Aluminium alloy has excellent properties such as high thermal conductivity and low density. These properties make its application wide in the field of automotive, aerospace and mineral processing industries to make their products .In spite of these properties the main drawback of aluminium alloys are poor wear resistance behavior, harness and strength. To overcome this drawback, these types of alloys are reinforced with some other materials so that its hardness, Young’s modulus and abrasion wear resistance can increased to the desired limit. This paper presents an overview of different reinforced materials in Aluminium Metal Matric Composites (AMMCs) system and their effect on different properties.

Evaluation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report of a mining project is required to ensure the environment friendly development. Experts draw conclusion not only on the basis of the scientific data but their decisions are influenced by political and social values. Impact significance is at the core of probable impact identification, prediction, evaluation and decision making in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Degree of subjectivity is high in the present EIA decision making process. It is difficult to model the qualitative human thinking process for decision making. Fuzzy logic is a recognized tool which has ability to model qualitative human thinking process using words. This paper attempts to use fuzzy logic as a decision making tool for mining projects proposed in the state of Madhya Pradesh.

There is the huge hope that nanotechnological applications and products will lead to a cleaner and healthier environment [1], maintaining and re-improving the quality of water, so that the Earth will be able to support human and other life. The scarcity of water, in terms of both quantity and quality, poses a significant threat to the well-being of people, especially in developing countries. Great hope is placed on the role that nanotechnology can play in providing clean water to these countries in an efficient and cheap way [2]. On the other hand, the discussion about the potential adverse effects of nanoparticle has increased steadily in recent years and is a top priority in agencies all over the world. When nanoparticle eventually enter the environment, the catalytic activity of a nanoparticle can be advantageous when used for the degradation of pollutants, but can induce a toxic response when taken up by a cell. The high sorption capacity of certain nanoparticles is exploited for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants while this property may also mobilize sequestered pollutants in the environment The engineering of nanoparticles that are easily taken up by cells will have a huge impact on medicine and pharmacological research, but the dispersion of such particles in the environment can lead to unwanted and unexpected effect. This paper will give a general overview of potential environmental applications of nanotechnology and nanoparticle and will also give a short overview of the current knowledge about possible risks for the environment.

Metal oxides nanomaterials can be synthesized using multiple synthesis techniques and the resulting media (titanate nanofibers, nanostructured spheres, and nanoparticle impregnated surfaces) can be assessed for their potential to remove an important environmental pollutant in water (arsenate). The hypothesis is that nanotechnology offers the ability to control, characterize, and tailor the fabrication of materials for specific applications. Arsenic is selected as a representative environmental pollutant because of recent regulatory changes to a lower maximum contaminant level and its ability to form strong inner-sphere complexes with metal (hydr) oxides. A comparison of different types of metal (hydr)oxide nanomaterials indicate that titanium, zirconium, and iron (hydr)oxides are the most suitable materials because of their ability to remove arsenic and low toxicity of the base metal, which potentially be released into drinking water. Several metal (hydr)oxide nanomaterial media based upon titanium, zirconium and iron can be synthesized to create hybrid ion exchange media, modified granular activated carbon media, metal (hydr)oxide nanofibers and extremely porous nanostructured spheres. Each synthesis platform produces nanomaterial media capable of being used in a pack-bed continuous flow configuration, including titanate nanofibers because they are fused together by precipitation and drying into strong media. The field of nanotechnology is rapidly evolving, and this work demonstrates how a small mass quantity of nanomaterials can be synthesized and characterized to provide data to scale-up in order to facilitate comparisons against existing technologies. The protocol includes the use of batch arsenic adsorption experiments, short bed adsorber column tests, and calculate pore surface diffusion models.

The Internet has engender an explosion in data growth in the form of Data Sets, called Big Data that are so large they are difficult to store, manage, and canvass using traditional RDBMS which are tuned for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) only. Not only is this new data heavily unstructured, voluminous and stream rapidly and difficult to tackle but even more importantly. The infrastructure cost of Hardware and Software required to crackle it using traditional RDBMS to drive any analytics or business intelligence online (OLAP) from it is prohibitive. To capitalize on the Big Data trend, a new maker of Big Data technologies (such as Hadoop, Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure and others) many combines have emerged which are leveraging new parallelized processing. Commodity hardware, open source software, and tools to capture and analyse these new data sets and provide a price/performance that is 10 times better than existing Data Warehouse/Business Intelligence system. This paper presents an overview of the cloud computing scenario today. It provides the advantages and disadvantages of cloud, different examples of the cloud services, different enterprises in the field of cloud computing are being mentioned in the paper.

Segmentation is nothing but creation the part of image or any object. Pattern recognition and image analysis are the first step of image segmentation. In the computer vision field and image analysis we can done significant research topic in the segmentation of video with dynamic background. Image segmentation is most of moderator function in image processing and analysis. Medical image segmentation places a crucial role in different medical imaging application. Image segmentation is a process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments. Segmentation makes the image into something, which are easier to analyse. Segmentation is needed in diagnosis, surgery preparation and other medical applications. Current segmentation approaches are reviewed and reveals its reward and drawback. Different segmentation methods are thresholding, region growing, clustering, artificial neural networks, deformable models, Markov random field models, deformable models, and wavelet. Using the different algorithms the current methodologies of image segmentation is reviewed so that user interaction is possible for images. In this paper, the review of image segmentation is explained by using different techniques.

Power system has significant growth in interest and investment in the India. All activities have led to innovations and developments that simultaneously give power system engineers different challenges and oppurnities. The aim this paper to focus on recent innovations and future outlook of the Indian power systems. Such innovation include: Husk power system, Smart Grid and Renewable energy resources.

Bio-technology plays an important role in the fields of medicine, food, fertilizer, energy and protection of environment. Bio-technology concerns living organisms, such as plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as non-living biological material, such as seed, cells, enzymes, plasmids and the like. Bio- technology is one of the most research intensive industries in the world. In the U.S alone, the bio-tech industry reportedly spent $9 billion in research and development in 1997.

Nanoparticles of luminescent materials (nanophosphors) emit light when excited with suitable energy. Such luminescent nanoparticles offer great potential for superior light emitting devices, displays, energy harvesting applications, security ink, fluorescence tracking and targeted drug delivery in biological systems and many others. The development of nanophosphor for a particular application including lighting and display require different window of excitation energy and specific emission energy.

Two criteria are proposed for characterizing the diverse and not yet perspicuous relations between nanotechnology and nature. They assume a concept of nature as that which is not made by human action. One of the criteria endorses a distinction between natural and artificial objects in nanotechnology; the other allows for a discussion of the potential nanotechnological modification of nature. In so far as current trends may be taken as indicative of future development, nanotechnology might increasingly use the model of nature as a point of orientation, while many of its products will continue to be clearly distinguished from nature. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Nature, Technology, Environment Impact.

The Use of a Latent Heat Storage System Using Phase Change Materials (Pcms) Is an Effective Way of Storing Thermal Energy and Has the Advantages of High-Energy Storage Density and the Isothermal Nature of the Storage Process. Pcms Have Been Widely Used In Latent Heat Thermal-Storage Systems For Heat Pumps, Solar Engineering, and Spacecraft Thermal Control Applications. the Uses of Pcms For Heating and Cooling Applications For Buildings Have Been Investigated Within the Past Decade. There Are Large Numbers of Pcms That Melt and Solidify at a Wide Range of Temperatures, Making Them Attractive In a Number of Applications. the Present Study Includes the Energy Storage Materials R & D Efforts at Ncel, Rgipt Through Commercial Grade Fatty Acids Used As Potential Pcms. the Selected Fatty Acids Were Capric, Stearic, Palmitic, Myristic and Lauric Acid With Melting Temperatures Between 25–70°C and Industrial-Grade With 95–99% Purity. Latent Heat Storage Capacity and Phase Transition Temperature of the Pcms Were Determined By Differential Scanning Calorimeter (Dsc) Technique and Showed That All Developed Materials at Ncel, Have a Low Melting Point Which Is Very Much Essential For Low Temperature Thermal Application As Well As With a Good Amount of Latent Heat of Fusion Which Is Also Quite Suitable and the Most Desired Parameter to Implement any Kind of Pcms For the Designing the System.

It's a known fact that India, today, is an emerging economy that is destined to achieve milestones, on various fronts, in the near future. However, for India, to acquire the status of a "developed" nation, it needs to create 100 million jobs, statistics point out! Experts confirm, in an endeavour to achieve this mark, tapping the potential of the unemployed and exploring opportunities in the employment market, so that each and every person plays a crucial role in contributing towards the growth of the Indian economy is necessary. However, how can one create 100 million jobs? And the million dollar question is which industry will absorb people and bridge the employment gap? While experts are busy contemplating the possibilities of the army, the railways, the government and the private sector to recruit, speculations about the difficulty in employing in such huge numbers continue to persist.

Entrepreneurs are driven to achieve success in their business along with the qualities of a Leader, Manager, Dreamer, Innovator, risk taker, continues learner, decision maker & most important is to implement all these qualities into the work. There are a lot of examples of the entrepreneurs in India who are now called synonymous of ‘Success’. They saw the bigger picture but wisely started their business as a very small unit. Entrepreneurs set the example of turning their dream into reality. And the story behind to achieve the dreams into reality is to set massive goals for themselves and stay committed to achieving them regardless of the obstacles they get in the way, with the ambition and the unmatched passion towards achieving the goal. It looks fascinating, attractive and motivating after listening stories of the entrepreneurs, but success is not as easy as it looks always. There are some obstacles which we call the challenges to overcome by looking forward the prospects to be a successful entrepreneur. This research paper focuses on the challenges available in the Indian market by en-cashing the possibilities and prospects of the same to be a successful entrepreneur.

Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement an employee has towards his organization and its values. An engaged employee is aware of business context, and works with colleagues to improve performance within the job for the benefit of the organization. It is a positive attitude of the employees towards the organization and its values. Inclusive growth for business needs to be assessed from every perspective-personal, societal economic and cultural. While every business contributes economically, it is important that business leaders understand the importance of Employee engagement activities for the mutual growth of business & employees. It is crucial to make every employee involved in contributing to the sustainability agenda to make it inclusive and holistic as an organizational thrust. Organizations not only need to focus on building processes and capital, but equally on their employees for sustainable business growth.

In this research paper performance of new stilling basin models for pipe outlet stilling basin were investigated experimentally by using different shape and size of intermediate sills along with impact wall and end sill .The experimental study was carried out for two Froude numbers namely 3.85 and 1.85 for rectangular pipe outlet of size 10.8 cm. x 6.3 cm. Performance index (PI) has been defined to evaluate the performance of stilling basin models tested using same sand base material and test run time. The scour pattern was measured for each test run. After 36 tests runs, it was found that scour process were reduced for a specific size and shape at a particular location of intermediate sill combined with end sill of particular size and shape. Newly developed model emerges more efficient as compared to other tested stilling basin models

As around three-fourth of the India’s population is living in vast rural areas. The rural and urban categorization reveals wide disparities in various respects.

Entrepreneurship refers to setting up of a new business to take advantages from new opportunities. Entrepreneur is the key factor of entrepreneurship and now women in India are also successful in this as they have qualities desirable for entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurship is a much suitable profession for women than regular employment.

Small job shops which were earlier catering as ancillaries to the larger factories, have emerged as real profit centers by earning their livelihood through “flexible production” in accordance with the variety of demand. This situation has suggested for an essential change in the design and operation of manufacturing set-ups. Managers have realized that running the large units as an optimized and effective combination of a number of smaller units will make the industry flexible, according to the demand changes. This concept is technically explained in the form of Cellular Manufacturing, and is therefore the right approach for such situation. This paper, while taking reference of an Automotive Manufacturing Unit in Pithampur (MP), presents a model for cell formation that allows for period-to-period demand variability and considers the size of the cell when determining the cost to process each part. The model also allows the composition of a cell to be changed from period to period. Five heuristic procedures are presented and tested. The best procedure is also compared with two other traditional approaches. The results show that considering demand variability and changing the cell composition during the planning horizon can result in better solutions.

This paper traces the economic progress made by India’s Retail Sector in the planning era, and the emerging issues under globalization. It examines the socio-economic magnitudes, problems and challenges of the country as well as the pitfalls in FDI planning in India. The paper also makes some policy suggestions to address the constraints in promoting sustainable FDI in India. In view of some of short coming observed in the SWOT analysis, FDI in retailing is going to attract retail players by Indian Government, but India should welcome them with a talented pool of human resources by promoting institution imparting knowledge in retailing. protection must be given to Indian small and medium retailers as retailing is their source of live hood.

Recent level of research in entrepreneurs mainly focuses on external or internal environment forces. But now days it is required to understand the personal attributes as well. It is often say that the person cannot win who do not play. To play, people’s willingness is a key to success and human motivation influences these decisions.

In this paper, the concept of pile geometry on Soil-Structure Interaction is introduced, and the research methods on effect of pile shape are discussed. A systematic summary of the Soil-Structure Interaction research that takes into account adjacent structures is proposed. This study about the pile geometry on Soil-Structure Interaction reviews the growth of SSI and advantages, disadvantages, and uses of various methods are discussed.

Risk taking ability, Self-confidence, Decision making ability, Knowledge of communication, Ability to harvesting technology, Economic motivation, Market orientation, Risk factors are some of the characters of successful entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is a person who is able to look at the environment, identify opportunities to improve the environmental resources and implement action to maximize those opportunities (Robert E. Nelson). It is important to bear in mind that the entrepreneurial skills that will be needed to improve the quality of life for individuals, families and communities and to sustain a healthy economy and environment.

An entrepreneur is a person who organizes and operates a business or businesses taking on financial risk. Basic Concept of the entrepreneur is that it organizes, operates for a certain return the focus of the study is on the Government Sector higher level employees. The higher level employees are like Social Entrepreneurs as they work on organizing, operating taking risk and earnestly working on Social and Personal Rate of return. Social Rate of Return means that the return received by the society at large. Personal Rate of return is Self Actualization, Self Satisfaction, Prestige and Honour. They are the social entrepreneurs as they have the power to change the system to enhance the system and in return what they dream of Self Actualization. Hence the paper makes an attempt to understand the Social Entrepreneur Dynamics by evaluating their functioning and communication styles.

Competent teachers hold the position of leadership by natural disposition of their job in the classroom. S /he do not only have a deep content knowledge but also possess many other skills which are called soft skills. Leadership skills are one dimension of soft skills. Present study was intended to investigate the relationship between leadership skills and teacher competency of prospective and in service teachers. The sample consists of 90 prospective teachers and 60 in service teachers. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the data .Kumar and Mutha ‘Teacher effectiveness scale was used to measure the teacher effectiveness and ‘leadership Quality scale ‘by Dr. Muthumanikum was used to measure the leadership skills .Product –moment coefficient correlation was used to analyze the data. The study revealed that there was significant relationship between teacher competency and leadership skills of prospective teachers and in service teachers.

The fundamental of nanotechnology is that the properties of substance drastically change when their size reduced to the nanometer range. Nanotechnology is emerging interdisciplinary technology that has been blooming in many area during the recent decade including, material science, mechanics, optics, medicine, plastic, electronics and aerospace. The textile industry has already impacted by this technology. This paper summarizes the application of nanotechnology in different areas of textiles like manufacturing nano fibres, nanotubes, finishing textiles, medical textiles, protective textiles and others scope of nanotechnology in textiles are analyzed.

In the present era, where Multi-National Companies are trying to capture the Indian market, Indian entrepreneurs play a motivational role to establish their own enterprise and make opportunities for Indians to solve the problem of unemployment and contribute in the economic growth of India .Entrepreneurs serve as the catalysts for the process of rapid Industrialization and economic growth. It is an entrepreneur who collects the natural, economic, human and technical resources of a country and uses them in the economic growth of a country. According to Joseph Schumpeter, “The rate of economic progress of a nation depends upon its rate of innovation, which in turn depends upon distribution of entrepreneurial talent in the population.” India is facing a problem of Balance of Payment, so to solve this major problem, it is very essential to make policies for the benefit of the country. India must adopt a policy of self- reliance based on import substitution for economic as well as social growth. Import Substitution meant protection for domestic industry behind high tariff walls. It implied a policy of high profits. Import substitution is the process of getting self- dependence by manufacturing those products which can be produced by internal resources of country. It is an inward – looking type of industrialization. Import substitution strategy leads to high levels of effective protection. The currency becomes over – valued and exports are discouraged. Under this strategy relatively capital intensive and intermediate input intensive techniques of production are encouraged. The main objective of this paper is to represent the position of an entrepreneur in import substitution, actually it is ‘Need of the Hour’ and a great challenge for Indian economy to compete with other countries.

Entrepreneurship is an act of undertaking innovations or introducing new things, finance and business insights, in an effort to transform those innovations into economic goods. In India, entrepreneurship is primarily considered as starting a new business. It comes with a sense of innate freedom and creativity but is followed by an inherent set of risks. Starting a business has long been considered a risky proposition. Just the potential for failure and loss discourages many would be entrepreneurs from giving it a go. This is where franchising comes to the rescue. Franchises are wise as they come on board after the parent company has made all the major mistakes that will come with their new idea. Doing so, franchisees reduce their risk. Further, investing on a proven business model also paves the way for economic growth, employment growth, and export income fuelling activity in the small and medium enterprise (SME) sector. This report will provide an insight on how franchising can act as a pathway to entrepreneurship and the creation of wealth.

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) is becoming the main stream broadband technology of choice. Significant commercial deployment of FTTH has started only a couple of years ago in most of the countries. The main factor for the slow growth of FTTH is the higher installation costs compared to copper wires. While optical fibres have the benefits of signal capacity and immunity to electromagnetic interference, they suffer from losses due to excessive bending. When standard single-mode fiber (G.652) is used, the fiber must be installed cautiously avoiding small bends to restrict total single loss. Single Mode Fibre also has difficulty of transmitting video signals through bends tighter than about 30 mm in diameter. The bending requirement for deployment limits dimensions of hardware and imposes significant costs for FTTH installations. Hence bend insensitive single-mode fibers are attractive for FTTH applications to lower the installation costs and improve the system performance. Several fiber designs have been proposed to meet different bend loss requirements including both conventional and microstructure design approaches. This paper reviews recent progress that is reported in bend insensitive fibers.

Commercial banking is the most important part of modern banking set up. These days, the function of commercial banks is confined not only to advancing loans to the public and accepting their deposits, their contribution in accelerating the rate of economic development in underdeveloped and developing countries like. India is very important. Also banking is highly effective and useful in the fulfillment of various socio-economic objectives of the Government. Up to, 1969, the operation and functioning of commercial banks in India was confined only to medium and large sized towns and economically rich people.

Education and Skill Development have the power to transform the economic condition of any nation. They are an absolute bet to get all segments of society involved for the benefit of a country’s economic growth and transformation. Education, unlike in ancient times, has become more achievement-oriented than child-oriented. It does not address the needs of all the children who, in spite of various levels of scholastic competence, are capable of learning and need to develop those skills and become empowered to live effectively in this world. In India, young people who will soon be entering the labour market constitute the largest segment of the demographic structure. A majority of them have limited access to education and training, and most find work in the informal sector. In recent years India has rapidly expanded the capacity of educational institutions and enrollments, but dropout rates remain high, and educational attainment remains low. India so far has not sufficiently prepared its youth with the skills that today’s industries require. Thus, to accelerate its economic growth, the country has introduced drastic policy reforms in skills development.

The geotechnical behaviour of expansive clay soils is investigated by looking into the geomorphologic, geological and climatic conditions and mineralogical composition of the soils in the study area. The geotechnical results are linked with the performance of the foundation as well as structures. Since swell potential and swell pressure are key properties of expansive soils, the swell parameters were measured by free swell tests and one-dimensional oedometer swell tests respectively. Physical conditions of the surveyed properties in the area confirmed the hypothesis of building damages due to poor building materials triggered by expansive soils. In support of the obtained data, the actual behaviour of the foundations is supplemented with prototypes of strip foundations whose performances are to be monitored over a long period. Finally, suggested are the ways forward to solve the problem of foundation on expansive soil.

Hydrolysis of O, O-diethyl, O-p -cyan phenyl phosphate (Organophosphorus compound) has been studied in acidic medium with catalyst Cu++ cation and the rate maxima observed were at around pH 6.0. Since the metal aquo complexes are known to exist in equilibrium with deprotonated species and therefore, metal bound OH- nucleophile might be available abundantly even in acidic aqueous solutions.

Conventional constitutive equations defining the flow stress relationship with the allied parameters are independent of one or more parameters. So the combined effect of all the flow parameters on true stress cannot be imagined in the existing frame of reference. In addition the same set of arbitrary constants does not works for all true strain, strain and temperature values for such models and their equations, which further adds new drawbacks while working with these relations. The present article works to complete the relationship between such flow parameters and the equation has been validated to Al 2024 aluminum alloy.

The Pressure induced structural phase transition of Ceria (CEO2) has been investigated using an effective interionic interaction potential. The present potential had been found to reproduce well the experimentally observed phase fluorite to orthorhombic transition pressure and associated volume collapses and elastic constants of CEO2 is in good agreement with their corresponding experimental data (31.5 GPa). We have also reported the elastic properties of CEO2 in both phases.

Microstrip antenna consists of a radiating patch of any planar geometry (e.g. Circular, square, Ellipse, ring and rectangular) on one side of a dielectric material substrate backed by a ground plane on the other side.

A rectangular MSA and ring slot MSA with circular polarization radiation. The antenna has a high return loss, where the return loss is compare with its experimental value. The experimental results of both antennas compared with each other’s, the proposed antenna is able to achieve the return loss above

In this paper we are going to discuss OFDM, CIOFDM, MIMO, SFBC. The OFDM design is fairly complex and some important design blocks are chosen for verification purposes. The CI-OFDM (carrier interferometry orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) system has been widely studied in the multi-carrier communication system. In this paper, focusing on the two Tx (transmit) / one Rx (receive) antennas and two Tx / two Rx antennas configuration, we evaluate the performance of MIMO OFDM and MIMO CIOFDM system. SFBC (space frequency block coding) is applied into both MIMO OFDM system and MIMO CIOFDM system. For CI- OFDM realization, digital implemented CIOFDM structure is used in which CI code spreading operation and carrier allocation are separately processed by simple IFFT type operation. From the simulation results, it is shown that MIMO SFBC CI-OFDM reduces PAPR significantly compared with MIMO SFBC-OFDM system. The out-of band re-growth of signal spectrum in MIMO SFBC CIOFDM system is much smaller than MIMO SFBC OFDM. In the NBI (narrow band interference) channel MIMO SFBC CIOFDM system achieves considerable BER improvement, compared with the MIMO SFBC-OFDM system in which error floor occurs in most of SNR range.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most important microbial symbionts in the roots of maximum plants on the Earth. Commonly, AMF are non-host specific and have symbiotic interactions with different plants species. But some AMF species at certain combinations with host’s plant species have shown some host specificity. The beneficial interactions of AMF with plants growth result in the improvement of plant health and soil fertility. Under stress conditions of plants and especially in phosphate-imitated condition, AMF can influence plant community development, nutrient uptake, water relations and aboveground productivity. They can also act as bio protectants against pathogens and toxic stresses. AMF have different types of interactions with different kinds of rhizosphere microorganisms, particularly with rhizospheric bacteria that exhibiting some specific characteristics and functions in associations of them. These interactions may result in spore formation and germination through root colonization to external hyphae during AMF life cycle. The nature of these bacteria-fungal interactions may be inhibitory or stimulatory, competitive or mutualistic to each other or for the plant. In nature, the plant species impact on the selection of their bacterial associates and strongly influence the composition of AMF community. Indirectly AMF species also influence on the selection of bacteria in the mycorrhizosphere. Several kinds of bacterial species have been studied that are present in plant-AMF mycorhizosphere, but bacteria associated with AMF spores (AMB) with different interaction are not well studied yet. These AMB may be involved in the biocontrol of plant pathogens and to improve supply of nutrients. The knowledge of interactions between plant AMF, AMB and plant pathogens have been found helpful for the development of sustainable management of soil fertility and to increase crop production.

World has recently suffered a global 2008-2009 recession which partially hits up to 2012. This recession has undoubtedly affected the economic life through its financial modem. This article presents an eye view of its impact on the economy and discusses the future strategies to handle such financial recessions. It also enlightens the causes and the ways to handle this epidemic with the adapting policies to mute it in the next future.

This paper presents an experimental study on new stilling basins for non-circular pipe outlet The new developed models were tested in a rectangular shaped pipe outlet of size 10.8cm x 6.3 cm with three inflow Froude numbers Fr = 1.85, 2.85 and 3.85 in comparison to USBR VI stilling basin model recommended for the pipe outlets. The new stilling basin models were developed by changing the shapes of the end sills of same height, while keeping the other configuration of stilling basin geometry same. To compare the performance of stilling basin models in different Froude numbers, the maximum scour depth and its location from end sill were measured for each model. The study indicates that due to changing the end sill geometry, scour pattern and hence the performance of stilling basin affected significantly.

This paper deals with an unreliable remanufacturing system involved in the processing and remanufacturing of WIP inventory. While processing the items to be recycled, the system may become out of order followed by a two stage tandem repair. The system capacity K is assumed to be finite. As soon as the items start entering the system and queue up to seek service, the server takes some start up time to activate and then waits to serve until the N items of WIP inventory are accumulated. Once the system becomes full, further arrival of items is not allowed until the queue length decreases to a prespecified level F. The time dependent behavior of the system is analyzed using Runge-Kutta 4th order method. To explore the system’s effectiveness, the model formulated has been tested numerically.

With the limited frequency spectrum, the channel assignment problem (CAP) i.e., to assign the calls to the available channels so that the interference is minimized while the demand is met, has become increasingly important. In this paper a hybrid technique of Genetic Algorithm and Simulated Annealing (HGASA) is applied for dynamic channel allocation. With this hybrid algorithm effort is made to reduce the search complexity of channel allocation while satisfying constraints of interference. The concept of Simulated Annealing (SA) is incorporated into Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to avoid pre-mature convergence of the strings. Experimental results show that the proposed HGASA is a better method than GA and the average call blocking probability of the system decreases.

This paper provides overviews of Job-satisfaction and Teaching competency of secondary school teachers in district Bhopal and Raison of Madhya Pradesh. Firstly, the paper tries to find out different dimensions of job satisfaction of teachers like professional, domestic and inter-personal etc. Secondly, the paper scrutinizes the relationship between Job-satisfaction and teaching-competency of sec. teachers. It is also designed to find out the reasons for differences in teaching-competency of see, school teachers particularly with references to sex and demographics. The underlying factors of job satisfaction and teaching-competency are domestic satisfaction, individual satisfaction, emotional satisfaction, job-security, etc. The present study was conducted on 200 sec. school teachers of Bhopal region. On the basis of random sampling technique, out of 200 sec school teachers 100 were rural (50 male and 50 female) and 100 urban (50 male and 50 female). General Teaching Competency Scale by Passi and Lalitha and a self- designed job satisfaction questionnaire were executed in this study. The data was subjected to mean, S.D. and t-value of statistical treatment. Evidences suggest that there is a significant difference in job-satisfaction and teaching competency among see, school teachers. The finding of the research also concludes that there is a positive relationship between job satisfaction and teaching competency.

Proton conducting polymer electrolyte membrane is the most important component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). The positive effect of addition of oxo-clusters of Ti, Zr, W and hydrophilic additives like SiO2, TiO2 and ZrO2 on the proton conductivity characteristics of Nafion membranes have been reported earlier. Here we report the effect of additive titanium dioxide on the proton conductivity of polystyrene membrane in aqueous solution. The enhancement of proton conductivity was observed to be increase for titanium dioxide (by factors of 4.63). This showed that the proton conductivity was increased on addition of titanium dioxide in polystyrene membrane. The proton conductivities were calculated from the pH values measured at room temperature using an electrochemical cell and pH meter, on the basis of a proton transport model for porous membranes in aqueous solution. The membranes were characterized by FTIR, SEM and the observed results are explained in terms of the hydrophobicity of the additive.

The Government announced the guidelines for Mobile Number Portability (MNP) Service in the country on 1st August 20081 and has issued a separate license for MNP service from 20.03.2009. As per these guidelines Mobile number Portability states implementation of facility for porting of mobile number from one service provider to another which is operating in same circle. This analytical study enables BSNL in understanding trend of customer retention and defection as per prevailing socio-economic conditions in Madhya Pradesh. Most of the population in Madhya Pradesh is sustained by agro income or derive their living from similar source. Hence emphasis is to be paid in studying the trends of customer defection pertain in class of people. Data as collected from TRAI2 and BSNL3 till date is analyzed to understand correlation between Mobile Number Portability and Customer retention. The data as collected and published by TRAI, available in public domain, is used for understanding the general trend followed by customers in Madhya Pradesh4. Analytical study of correlation of MNP facility with customer retention is made. This analysis states hypothesis which can be used by state owned company BSNL which will enable it in better customer satisfaction and retention. The major factors applicable to Madhya Pradesh keeping in view the socio economic conditions are Offered Service Quality, Economic Status of Customer, Offer by Service Providers and to a large extent Mobile Number portability which enable customer to switch between operators without having to care about change in mobile number.

Electronics, Communication, Computers and It Devices (Consumer Electronics) Have Changed the Human Life Styles Tremendously Comfortable With Many Advantages, But They Have Brought In some Hazardous Side Effects on Environment. Management and Disposal of E-Waste Has Become a Major Problem In the World and Is Growing at Alarming Proportions. the Accumulation of E-Waste Causing Biggest Harm to Environment Is the Dumping of Hazardous Materials. the Aim of This Concept Research Paper Is to Study, Analyze, Discuss Existing E-Waste Recycling Methodologies and Conceptualize and Propose some New Approaches For Recycling 100% of E-Waste. In This Paper an Attempt Is Made to Present and Discuss some New Recycling Approaches and Technology Management of E-Waste Through Which Discarding of E-Waste into Environment Is Either Nil or Minimal. This Method Also Envisages Extraction of Each and Every Material from E-Waste. Increasing Global Trends of E-Waste and Implications of Implementation of Proposed Methodology, Commercial and Societical Are Also Included Here.

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an emerging identification technology having greater capability than bar codes. But, the use of these systems is being discouraged by certain practical problems associated with them. Such as, high costs, tag reader sensitivity, limited transmission distances etc. End users participation and designers expertise when combined, form the key ingredients of igniting improvements and innovation in any system. This paper proposes some user centered approaches for the improvement in the existing RFID systems.

An effective Management of Human Resources has an important role to play in the performance and success of organizations. In the present business environment, Human Resource is an important input for organizational effectiveness. Competitive pressures have encouraged organizations to be proactive in diagnosing HR practices since these were no longer a matter of trend, but rather of survival. The present study attempts to explore the relationship of three dimensions of innovative Human Resource practices: That is, the extent of introduction of Innovative HR Practices, their importance for organizational goal achievement and satisfaction with implementation of innovative HR Practices with organizational commitment. The present study examines the relationship between human resource practices, trust, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behaviour organizational commitment, motivation and perceived organizational performance, namely respondent’s perceptions of service quality, value for money and organizational effectiveness. Innovative HR practices build competencies and capabilities for superior and winning performances today and simultaneously create long term fertility for innovation of business ideas and strategies for future.

The idea of using multiple receive and multiple transmit antennas has emerged as one of the most significant technical breakthroughs in modern wireless communications. Theoretical studies and initial prototyping of these MIMO systems have shown order of magnitude spectral efficiency improvements in communications. As a result, MIMO is considered a key technology for improving the throughput of future wireless broadband data systems MIMO is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology. MIMO technology has attracted attention in wireless communications, because it offers significant increases in data throughput and link range without requiring additional bandwidth or transmit power. This is achieved by higher spectral efficiency and link reliability or diversity (reduced fading).Spatial multiplexing is a transmission technique in MIMO wireless communication to transmit independent and separately encoded data signals, so called streams, from each of the multiple transmit antennas. Therefore, the space dimension is reused, or multiplexed, more than one time. What mainly makes MIMO systems interesting is their potential ability to achieve an increase in system capacity or in link reliability without requiring additional transmission power or bandwidth (Goldsmith, 2005). In this paper, we focus on different receivers for 2x2 MIMO channel

A new series of N-[2-(10H-phenothiazinyl) ethyl]-2-(substituted phenyl)-4-oxo-5-[(substituted phenyl) methylidene]-1-iminothiazolidine, compounds 5(a-m)have been synthesized. by microwave method. The cycloaddition reaction of thioglycolic acid with N-[2-(10Hphenothiazinyl) ethyl]-N’-[(phenyl)methylidene]-hydrazine, compounds 3(a-m) in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 afforded new heterocyclic compounds N-[2-(10Hphenothiazinyl) ethyl]-2-(phenyl)-4-oxo-1-iminothiazolidine, compounds 4(a-m). The later product on treatment with several selected substituted aromatic aldehydes in the presence of C2H5ONa undergoes Knoevenagel reaction to yield, compounds 5(a-m). The structure of compounds 1, 2, 3(a-m), 4(a-m) and 5(a-m) were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FAB-Mass and chemical analysis. Compounds 5(a-m) have been screened for their antimicrobial and ant tubercular activities, displayed satisfactory results.

This Paper presents the design of Z-N-Tuned PID Controller, to realize governor action in a power generation plant to improving the dynamic characteristics. Proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in industrial control system because of the reduced number of parameters to be tuned. The PID control method is most flexible and simple method. This method is more popular among all control methods. The conventional PID controller is replaced by Z-N tuning PID controller, to make them more general and to achieve minimum steady-state error, also to improve the other dynamic behavior (overshoot). The self-tuned proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers are designed for applications where large load changes are expected or the need for extreme accuracy and fast response time exists.

This paper is focused to find out the answer whether the social networking sites are boon or bane for today’s society. No doubt these SNS provides employment, marketing ,personal growth ,sharing of information but the most prevalent danger through often involves online predators or individuals. These SNS has great impact on youth of India. One can easily see the entry gate of these social networking sites but it is unable to find exit for these SNS. One side these sites provide to communicate with our dear ones on the other side it creates platform for many cyber-crimes. Everyone should be understood that The SNS is a “child of” computing “by computing” but” for the society “. So we focused on the fact that how SNS are implementing and used in an effective manner that is also beneficial for Indian society and what are the role of Indian youth .In this paper we focused on the positive as well as negative impact of these social networking sites on the Indian youth and what are the ethical responsibilities of the users of these sites.

The web usage Mining (WUM) is the process of discovering hidden patterns from the web usage. The proper analysis of web log file is beneficial to manage the websites effectively for administrative and users’ prospective. In this research paper, a hybrid framework is proposed Using Ant Colony Clustering and Linear Genetic Programming Approach (ANT-LGP) for optimizations of web usage pattern. The hybrid framework uses an ant colony optimization algorithm to cluster Web usage patterns. In this work, we investigate the performance aspect of proposed hybrid method with well famous K-means genetic algorithm (K-GA) based ant colony clustering method for web usage log pattern analysis. We present a comparative performance evaluation model of ANT-LGP versus ANT-KGA by means of an analytical approach. Quantitative measurements are performed using number clusters, error rate, number of iteration and execution time performance parameters in this research work. The results proposed framework offers a superior performance compared to existing L-GP based system.

Central and state government universities in India have been quite inadequate in numbers against the educational needs of the large population and so the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of higher education also remained much lesser than required. In order to cope up with the situation, government decided to allow opening of private universities and achieve 30% GER by 2020, with the result a number of private universities opened in last two decades and now the GER has gone up to about 28% as compared to about 18% in 2000 and Private Universities constitute 40% of the total number of universities in India and their number still continues to increase. Positive growth of private universities is, therefore, now an important issue for India if it has to achieve bigger targets of quality and quantity in higher education. Development of a private university is not only in the hands of the Management of that university but depends on many other stake holders like Regulatory Bodies, State & Central Government, Students Industries and Society by and large, who are also responsible. However the initiative always lies with the management of the University. If all stake holders also contribute positively then private universities can perform even better than their government counterparts as, in the case of private universities, decision taking and implementation mechanism could be a little faster due to inherent nature of a private set up. Appointment of right kind of human resources i.e. Vice-Chancellor, Registrar, Dean academic, Teaching Staff etc is a key issue which provides a base or foundation for quality teaching learning. Growth is further dependent on faculty development, facilities, infrastructure like library, ICT structure, labs and other facilities, academic and research culture, environment and motivation available. Branding gets a boost also by the kind of innovation Ecosystem University has, entrepreneurial development it provides, skills and employability it generates and image of the University created among alumni, students and staff. HRD Ministry has drawn 5 years Vision Plan on Quality Education (EQUIP) which focuses on 10 areas and an environment of transforming higher education for new India is building in which private universities are expected to play a key role. However, there are lots of challenges for a private university, if it has to contribute significantly in improving educational landscape. This paper gives some salient aspects of these challenges and how can private universities turn them into opportunities.

The global warming is leading to climate change which has emerged as one of the most severe challenges of 21st century.  The main cause of global warming is the emission of green house gases (GHG) in the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burnt and another issue is the fast depletion of fossil fuel deposits. The solution lies in avoiding/minimizing the use of fossil fuels as a source of energy by promoting and adopting the use of renewable sources of energy. Also, there is tremendous scope of research in the field of renewable energy for various applications.  In view of this, a research project was undertaken in the Rabindranath Tagore University   to develop a working model of a standalone windmill driven pumping system to lift water for optimum irrigation. The development was comprised of the centrifugal pump in the first stage and reciprocating pump in the second stage and then compares the outcome of two types of pumps. The emphasis is to develop the cost effective pumping system based on simple technology.

Every turbine is designed for specific site condition (head, discharge and speed). For high heads and low discharge values, Pelton turbines are mostly used. Variation in head and discharge causes variation in performance of turbines. Earlier only experimental techniques were used to optimize the design of turbo-machine and check their performance at designed and off design conditions. With the advances in numerical techniques and computational power, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has proved to be boon in designing and predicting the performance of turbo-machine at all possible operating regimes. With the help of CFD, not only global parameters can be found out but local parameters which are not possible experimentally can be found out. In present work, flow analysis of a six jet Pelton turbine model has been done using multi phase flow. Numerical results are compared with available model test results at the best efficiency point. The effect of mesh size, turbulence model and time step is also studied.

This paper presents an efficient technique for optimum load shedding in an uncertain or dynamic power system network. If the normal control actions to improve the voltage stability are exhausted then the load shedding option works as the last line of defence to get the desired stability margin in power systems, hence it enables the system to withstand under worst loading conditions. In this paper a sensitivity index has been used to get the optimal buses on which load to be shed at heavy load conditions to get the desired value of voltage stability. An optimization problem aiming to minimize the load shedding at selected buses while satisfying all the inequality constraints to ensure the optimal power flow in the system has been developed in this paper. The load shedding is done on such buses whose sensitivity is higher. Black Hole algorithm has been used for optimum load to be shed at selected load bus. The proposed technique is implemented on IEEE 30 bus test system.

The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of the Staphylococcus aureus, on the titanium foam. . It has been attempted to fabricate the foam with different pore size like 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% with different volume fraction of used space holder cenosphere through powder metallurgy route. According to many research papers porosity plays an important role as bio implant material. It has been prepared different size titanium pellets i.e.15mm and 12mm   to see the effect of the surface area of the fabricated sample of implant material. Recently, In medical field, solid implant material is in use like Titanium, Steel, Ni-Titanium rod but due to the lack of porosity these implant material does not perform well osseointegration. It has been attempted to observe the roll of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus in the above said fabricated titanium foam. It has been found that porosity in this foam played the key role as it worked as transporter. Foam has greater pores i.e.80% is more sensitive to develop the bacteria while 50% porous titanium foam is less sensitive meanwhile another sized porous titanium foam had been showed moderate capability of growing the bacteria. Through the all physical, mechanical, chemical and biological observation, titanium foam can be beneficial for the future use. It can be helpful in medical field as cheap and light weight implant material.

Current microarray information mining techniques, for example, grouping, characterization and affiliation investigation vigorously depend on measurable and machine learning calculations for examination of vast arrangements of quality articulation information. Lately, there has been a developing enthusiasm for techniques that endeavors find designs considering numerous however related information sources. As of late, there has been relating to nursing blast inside the rate of obtaining of biomedical information. In this paper, we have a top to bottom investigation of the fluctuated information mining systems. It can demonstrate how hereditary calculations can be utilized to streamline the information mining calculations. The report at that point gives a prologue to sub-atomic science and Bioinformatics. At that point the investigation of the microarray exploratory examination and the utilization of grouping methods will retrieve the microarray information. The report fundamentally illustrates the part of the bunching examination to bunch qualities into gatherings of comparable character. A huge number of tests for every quality are produced by microarray try and bunching of these qualities can be viably used to assemble these qualities into ailment causing qualities and typical qualities and to think about the different attributes of various qualities under various conditions. Those qualities can be utilized for sedate treatment after acknowledging the reaction of the qualities, attributes to drugs, making ready for conclusion of hopeless infections like Alzheimer's ailment, AIDS, etc. This can be an advantage on utilizing recognized systems hidden organic procedures, for example, development and maturing and to track the procedure of our advancement. The investigation of microarray trial examination and the utilization of grouping procedures may mine microarray information. Those reports fundamentally illustrate the part of the bunching examination to bunch qualities into gatherings of comparative character. Analyzed microarray out-turn created by a huge number of tests for every quality, bunching can be adequately used to amass these qualities into infection causing qualities and typical qualities and to consider the different attributes of various qualities under various conditions. Those qualities can be utilized for sedate treatment after acknowledging the reaction of the qualities of drugs preparing for the findings of the sicknesses hopeless till date.

Currently, plastic lined pipes are used for water injection lines. The pipes are welded using the “weld link” method and are installed by the reeling method. However, for deep water, reeling method is not efficient and if using the “weld link” method for pipe line techniques the production time and installation cost will dramatically increase because there is a joint every 25m  - 50m.The   PBJ to allow shorter pipe sections to be joined at a faster rate and to reduce the installation cost. The results also revealed that both Single wire GMAW and Tandem GMAW can be used to weld the steel pipe incorporating the PBJ with Aero gel blanket of 2.5mm and 5.5mm nominal thickness without deforming the PBJ under the conditions used in the trials

The hydro-turbines are used in hydropower plants to convert the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy. There are different types of turbines, mainly Pelton, Kaplan, and Francis. Further, there are some variants of each type of turbine. The hydraulic parameters, power grid requirement geological conditions etc. differ from one site to another which makes each hydropower project, a unique. Hence, selection of turbine to suit a specific site is a specialized job and need utmost considerations. The selection criterion of hydro turbine are discussed in this paper.

Fused Deposition modelling (FDM) is the most promising field of additive manufacturing technology. In fused deposition modelling method polymer filament is melted inside the extruder and extruded material were deposited one above another to manufacture product. In FDM process filament feed rate, heat sink fins, extrusion rate, nozzle diameter, pressure drop inside the extruder and temperature distribution are the parameters on which performance were depends. Here in this paper, it review the FDM process evolution and development in FDM process use as commercial 3D printing technique and also investigate the different process parameters on which the performance of 3D printer depends. This paper also reviews the dynamic analysis that is considered for the liquefier during working of FDM process.

Diesel-powered construction equipment is the primary source of Green House Gas (GHG) and exhaust emissions during the construction stage of a large infrastructure project. The equipment pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM 10) endanger people’s health and surrounding environment. A critical review and analysis of factors affecting the amounts of construction emissions is conducted through literature review and a case study, four categories of factors including equipment and conditions, equipment maintenance, operating conditions, and equipment operations are reviewed. A case study is made on 14 wheel loaders with different makes and capacities with accumulated weekly data with the aim of determining the impact of emission factors on the weekly equipment emissions. It is found that equipment engine power, equipment conditions, and equipment operator skills are significant factors on average fuel consumption and emissions in the case study. Based on the findings from current research literature and the case study, some recommendations are made on how to reduce fuel consumptions as well as pollutant emissions for contractors and other equipment owning organizations.

The significance of this present investigation undertakes the feasibility study of a new combination of bio-fuels. For this rationale; the diesel engine operated with blends of Jatropha biodiesel, karanja biodiesel with a view to completely eliminate dependency on fossil fuel. Jatropha biodiesel (methyl ester) andkaranja biodiesel is a low and high viscosity fuels combination with comparable heating values to that of diesel; this makes conducive for its use in a diesel engine. Extensive experimental work is carried out on a Kirloskar make the single cylinder, natural aspired diesel engine to examine combustion performance and emission characteristics using Jatropha methyl ester with karanja methyl ester blends (dual fuel blends. Dual fuel blends are found to be the best substitute to conventional diesel fuel in all aspects such as performance and emissions. Further, BT 50 resulted at full load condition, reduction of 2.9%, 4.72%, 4.56%, 42.5% and 29.16% in the brake thermal efficiency, NOx, HC, CO and smoke respectively while CO2 emissions increase 10.7%.

When the green revolution was done in 1960, then there were a lot of increase in agricultural products, but use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides also gets increase. Due to which soil acidity is increase day by day, cause infertility of soil, that’s why today’s need to stop this problem is vermicomposting. Earthworm plays an important role in the recycling of waste of college. College waste consist of weed, grass, twigs obtained by pruning, tree droppings (leaves), food waste generated by home science lab and other degradable waste by all labs. It is eco friendly technique to manage college waste. vermicomposts are defined as organic matter of plant and/or animal origin consisting mainly of finely-divided earthworm castings, produced non-thermophilically with bio-oxidation and stabilization of the organic material, due to interactions between aerobic microorganism and earthworms, as the materials pass through the earthworm gut. We observe many benefits of this technique. It increases nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, Ca, Mg in soil. It increases soil fertility. Earthworm mix and spread humus and soil in all layers. Due to activities of earthworm, soil become porous, which do aeration properly and it increase water holding capacity of soil. Increase useful bacteria in soil. Weed less grow in soil which rich in vermicompost.

A brief review of various techniques used for cooling of solar Photovoltaic panels is presented.  The operating temperature of PV module is an important parameter which influences the performance of PV panel. A small portion of solar energy is converted into electrical energy whereas major part of solar energy gets converted into heat which raises the temperature of panels and consequentially reduces efficiency. The reverse saturation current of a solar cell increases rapidly with temperature which decreases the cell voltage.

Phytoremediation is the use of green plants to remediate the contaminants present in soil, water, air, land etc. Heavy metals are hazardous to plants, animals and human beings etc. Heavy metals like Cadmium (Cd), Lead(Pb), Chromium(Cr), Arsenic (As), Uranium(Ur), radionuclides are harmful and damages anatomical features of plants animals and human beings. Processes and mechanism of Phytoremediation are Phytoextraction, Phytostabilization, Rhizofiltration, Phytodegradation, Phytostimulation etc. Heavy metals at very low concentration effect very less but at slight higher concentration effect the Phytoremediator plants, shows the morphological effect like decrease in leaf number, leaf area, chlorosis, reduction's in root and shoot lengths, slight increase and then decrease of dry weight of plant and its aerial parts. Hyperaccumulator plants tolerate a wide range of heavy metals .Brassica juncea(Mustard), Solanum Lycopersicon esculentum (Tomato), Sunflower (Helianthus annus), Eicchornea crassipes (Water  hyacinth) studied as hyperaccumulator plants.

In this study a novel distribution function is discussed to study the wind speed characteristics and wind turbine characteristics. This paper focuses on the study of estimation of wind resource potential and wind turbine characteristics at higher hub height. A detailed wind resource assessment analysis and selection of wind turbine are discussed for estimating capacity factor and harnessing maximum wind power at Mamatkheda. The selection procedures of the efficient wind turbine (WT) of (class II) for the site, according to IEC 61400, are fully investigated.  This study also reveals that the Mamatkheda has a high wind potential which result in significant increase in AEP.

Under the project, the effects of fins cooling (passive cooling) and water cooling on performance parameters of solar photovoltaic (PV) module have been done. In the system of fin cooling, an aluminium sink containing fins have been attached to the backside of PV module in order to dissipate efficiently the waste heat from it. In the second method, a water film is created by continuously circulating the water over the surface of solar panel using a pipe distribution system to the top of the panel. After completion the test, it have been concluded that the power and the electrical efficiency of the cooling PV system are higher than the traditional one. It have also been found that the module temperature of the fins cooling method has maintained it 3°C to 5°C below the conventional reference module and the percentage increase in electrical efficiency is 2.1% to 5.85%. Whereas the module temperature of water cooling method has maintained at 15°C to 28°C below the conventional and the percentage increase in electrical efficiency is 6.9% to 16.9%.

According to the 2011 census, an estimate of only around 56% of the rural households has excess to electricity [1]. One of India’s major advantages today and going forward is that its RE potential is extensively vast and at the same time it is yet to be tapped. Recent estimates indicate that India’s solar potential is greater than 10,000 GW and its wind potential is higher than 2,000 GW [2]. To fully take advantage of India’s RE potential over the next few years, however, will require new initiatives from central and state governments — beyond policy and programs currently in place — to support the engagement, participation, and new behaviour of power sector stakeholders including RE industry and developers, grid operators, public and private finance, consumers, and others. In the current debate on the reform of electricity markets, in addition to “stand-alone” generators of renewable energy, the evolution of smart grids, with particular focus on micro grids, gains increasing relevancy. Smart grids enable local platforms (micro-grids) integrating locally and real-time based generation and consumption of renewable energy. The roles of consumers and producers of electricity are no longer clearly distinguished, merging into “prosumers [3].”

Today reviews of the customers on any product or services are highly recommended and appreciated by the online users to come up with a decision.  Sentiment and opinions made by a person can influence the perceptions of the other.  The extensive use of internet and the growth of web services among the people also created an enormous data in terms of the reviews towards certain services or products. That data can easily be accessed worldwide and assist an individual to createhis own viewpoint. The key objective of gathering opinions of the customers is to assess the quality and other parameters of products and services. This paper proposesa methodologyfor the analysis of sentiments by classifyingthe feedbacks. The proposed project also reviewed the existing systems, which projects the technique of sentiment analysis.

Indian financial market is constantly getting aggressive. The changes in the financial instrument are required to   maintain the equilibrium in the demand aspect of the investor. Investors were need of the instrument which satisfies their objective and motto of the earning maximum return with the low risk.  Mutual fund is the solution to the investor which provides the opportunity of investing with low risk.  The proposal provides new insight to the investor. The data was collected from the people living in Udaipur. A sample of 201 was considered for applying various tests. The reliability and Validity of the data is checked to apply various test like Factor analysis, Regression, Correlation. The research focuses on various factors like liquidity, alertness, experience and demographic.  The study concluded that people are aware about the mutual funds still they are not investing in mutual funds because of their bitter past experience, lack of knowledge, lack of confidence, difficulty in selection of scheme, inefficient investment advisors. Various factors like risk, liquidity, mode of investment, schemes of the investment, safety, profitability, satisfaction and Income will affects the investment decision.

Retail Banking remains one of the niche segments of Banking Industry. It basically caters to providing banking services to Micro Small and medium Term Enterprises (MSME’s) and Individuals. Interest Based and Non Interest based financial services are provided over to customers as means to generate net income to the bank. Accepting Deposits and granting loans to and from customer provide interest incomes, which are often their main stay of Net income generated. Retail loans and their customer preferences have been subject to changes with changes in social environment, change in demographics, change in family patterns and increase or decrease in people’s purchasing power and several other factors over the last two decades since liberalization of Indian economy. The Objective of this chapter is to study the trend analysis of retail loan values outstanding by the Public Sector Bank’s over last decade 2007-2017 and highlight what are the factors that are causing the aforesaid trends. The study shall conclude by highlighting the future outlook and necessary recommendations to bank for necessary actions to provide synergy in retail loan facilities, factors affecting them and customer needs.

Easy day has become an easy to remember name among organised retailers, asone-stop shop catering to day-to-day needs of every family. With the fast-growing organised retail sector, competition is also bound to increase exponentially. In order to stand apart from their competitors, Easy day needs to focus on sensory appeal. This includes the visual aspects of its logo with striking colours, the aural aspects with the constantly playing music and the smell of fresh fruits & vegetables in its aisles which add to the multi-sensory environment. This creative positioning will provide a unique environment for customers and challenge the competitors.

Thinning Plays Very Vital Role In Image Processing Applications. Thinning Basically Reduce a Thick Digital Object into a Thin Skeleton. In This Paper We Propose a New Parallel Image Thinning Algorithm For Binary Image Thinning. the Proposed Algorithm Is Efficient Enough to Produce One Pixel Width Skeleton For All Kind of Image Structures With on Loss of Connectivity and No Extra Pixels.

Surface Water-Groundwater Interaction Is a Complex Process. Mathematical Modelling Is the Emerging Technique to Understand the Water Head Variation In the Aquifer, Flow of Groundwater, Recharge Effect. This Paper Gives the Critical Review of This Process. Many Researchers Developed Mathematical Model Which Simulates the Flow of Groundwater Under Different Hydrological Conditions. In This Papers Step By Step Overview of These Models Is Presented. In Addition to This the Effect of Research and Discharge Processes Is Also Comprehensibly Outlined. the Different Methods For Solving the Partial Differential Equation Are Also Pointed Out. This Article Provides the Overview of Almost All Mathematical Models Developed In This Era. This Overview Concludes With a Discussion of Research Needs and Challenges Facing This Evolving Field.

Cooling the Outdoor Air Through Buried Pipes By Means of Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (Eathe) Has Been Recognized from Last 10 Years Have the Capability For Enhancing Comfort of Building and In the Mean Time Decreasing Demand of Energy. This Is Due to One of the Important Thermal Property of Earth Is That at the Depth of About 1.5M to 2M, the Temperature of Ground Remains Almost Similar All Round the Year. the Temperature of Earth Interior Remains Higher Than the Surface Temperature of Earth In Winter Season and Vice Versa In Summer. When Atmospheric Air Is Passed Through Buried Pipe It Comes In Contact With Soil Temperature Hence Comes Out from Eathe System Having the Temperature of Soil Is Always Constant. the Conditioned Air Is Allowed to Enter into the Room Through Outlet Piping and Duct System.

Now a Days Chaos Based Systems Play an Important Role Specifically In Secure Communication and Cryptography. Chaotic Systems Have Wide Applications In Random Number Generators, Image Encryption, Optical Secure Circuits, and Quantum Applications. the Fpga Implementation Has Certain Advantages Over Analog One As Fpga Implementation of any System Is Having a More Flexible Architecture and Have Low Cost Testing Cycles, Nowadays More Emphasis Is Given to Realize Different Chaotic Systems In Fpga. This Paper Demonstrates the Steps For Fpga Implementation of a Chaotic System Using Euler’S Algorithm. Top Level, Second Level and Third Level Designs Are Also Presented. the Design Is Implemented Using Verilog and Tested With Xilinx Vivado V.2017.3 Design Suite In Artix-7 Nexys 4 Ddr. Simulation Results Presented Demonstrates the Timing Diagram and Resource Utilization.

In the Present Review Paper, Various Researches Results Developed So Far Are Discussed. Particular Emphasis Will Be Given to the Prediction of the Crack Growth Stages, Stress Intensity Factor, J-Integral, Number of Cycles For Crack Having a Key Role In the Overall Fatigue Life Prediction. All Considered Approaches (Leak Before Break, Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, Elastic Plastic Fracture Mechanics Etc.) Are Applicable to Life Prediction of Nuclear Power Plant (Npp) Piping Components, to Enable Us For Enhancing the Npp Piping Component Life For Safe Operation.

Open Graded Friction Course Is a Pavement Layer Laid As a Surface Course Over the Base Course In Pavements. Uniform Aggregate Gradation, Lesser Quantity of Fines and Filler Materials Give It a Porous Structure With Increased Percentage of Air Voids. the Bitumen Content For Ogfc Layer Is Slightly Higher Than That For Conventional Dense Graded Layer. Ogfc Has Been Used In Various Developed Countries With High Volume of Traffic and Rainfall Intensity Because of Enhanced Infiltration Properties Exhibited By the Layer. the Present Study Aims at Providing a Detailed Review of the Various Problems Encountered During the Service Life of Open Graded Friction Course As Well As the Measures That Have Been Taken In Order to Tackle These Problems In the Past. Various Benefits Provided By Open Graded Friction Course to the Pavement Layer Have Also Been Discussed Meticulously. Utilization of Different Types of Polymers That Have Been Obtained from Waste Recycling Plants In Modification of Bitumen Can Provide a Viable Solution to Improve the Performance Characteristics of Open Graded Layer In Addition to Decreasing the Burden of Waste Disposal on Landfills Throughout the Country and Achieving the Goal of Sustainability.

A few years ago, model, of the age of local electrical fields inside the air various days before earth-tremors and up to various days once the temperamental stun, was arranged. Inside the model, the age of the electrical fields occurs because of partner degree increased ionization force of the air inside the nearness of mist concentrates. The age of the electrical field is the after effects of the undeniable reality that the bigger mist concentrates, that square measure fundamentally charged, have a greater speed of fascination precipitation than the littler, that square measure principally charged pressurized canned products. The ionization in such environmentally locales are caused by component, the centralization of that will increment in seismic tremor arrangement districts. The arrangement, to a great extent apparently dispersed zones of electrical fields with powers of 3x102 to 3x105 Vm−1 and, on the elective hand, enormous territories with expanded electrical conduction cause a progression of physical impacts, for example the occurrence of infrared discharges with a chose range, which can be examined exploitation earth-based, barometrically and satellite perceptions. This paper, the model of the age of local electrical fields is increasingly created, up to the layout of the power balance on the pressurized canned products inside the air. As of late an arranged research facility test is referenced, that regulated to demonstrate the on paper anticipated escalation of infrared outflows a few hours-days before seismic tremors. Other than the examination revealed, it'll be worked on Kamchatka in the near future to filter to a great extent apparently disseminated locales of electrical fields inside the climate all through seismic tremor planning times.

Complexity of financial services made the task challenging for both buyer and the seller to close a deal. Financial industries are experiencing a vulnerable phase to deal with the elevation of prevailing unethical sales practices resulting in the customer dissatisfaction. Consultative selling has been emerged as a problem solving selling approach. Researcher has undertaken this study to investigate the applicability of consultative selling on the customer satisfaction in banks. A conceptual framework model of consultative selling has been proposed and tested on 123 salespersons and 155 customers of select leading banks of Silchar city of Indian state of Assam. The proposed model is based on four dimensions of consultative selling and three important dimensions of customer satisfaction. Relationship among the variables has been tested using Pearson Correlation test. Results showed that all the four independent variables of consultative selling Need identification, Knowledge Expertise, Effective Communication Problem solving have strong significant positive relationships with three dependent variables of customer satisfaction Attentiveness, Helpfulness and Responsiveness. Study revealed that customer found consultative salespersons as attentive, helpful and responsive that helps to solve customer’s problem and increases customer satisfaction level. Principle component analysis (PCA) has undertaken to extract the components that accelerate consultative selling in banks. Self-administered questionnaire distributed among 123 salesperson of select private banks of the study area. Individual factor and Organizational factor have been extracted as two prominent components containing variables with high component loading that accelerate consultative selling in banks.

In today’s scenario, insurance companies are seen to be moving from ‘selling’ insurance to ‘marketing’ an essential financial product. Hence, having a robust, well oiled trained taskforce is paramount to the development, growth spread of Life Insurance in India. There are currently 23 private players in the Indian Life Insurance Industry. This write-up is basis a close observatorial study on a few of these prominent private players and the training and enablement in these Private Life Insurance Companies (PLICs). While studying the Training Needs Identification, the one factor found standing out in each of these PLICs, has been their respective Cost-Benefit Analysis. While researching the various Training Leaning Models in vogue at most of these PLICs, specifically found the use of a) The Six Disciplines of Breakthrough Learning [Roy V. H. Pollock, Andy Jefferson Calhoun W. Wick] b) Four Levels of Training Evaluation [Donald L. Kirkpatrick, James D. Wendy] c) Return on Investment (ROI) [ J J Philips] in practically every case studied. Finally, the government’s push towards ‘Universal banking’ has made most of the banks warm up to the ‘fee based Income’ avenue in a big way. No wonder if one looks up the list of Insurance Companies as existing today, 18 of the 23 Life Insurance companies have a Bank tie-up for distribution purposes, and this ‘banc assurance’ number is going to get prolonged further. The open question then is, Are the Private Life Insurance Companies (PLICs) manpower ready to bear the huge push towards Training Development in these times of mass tie-ups in Bancassurance?

Due to Change In Socio-Economic and Increase In Global Competitiveness the Working Culture of Employees Becomes Difficulty to Balancing the Personal and Professional Life It Results to Job-Dissatisfaction. Work Life Balance Is About the People Having Measure Control When, Where, How They Work to Increase the Effectiveness and Job-Satisfaction As Well. So the Present Study Examine The” a Study of Work Life Balance and Job Satisfaction Amongst Private Sector Bank Employees In Panchkula” the Paper In Hand Present a Summary of the Literature of Work Life Balance and Job-Satisfaction. the Primary Data Should Be Collected Through Questioner In Panchkula City. the Result Should Be Presented With Help of Graphical Representation. the Study Revealed the Most of Employees Satisfied With Policy the of Which Work Life Balance Offered By Private Banks.

Due to Pollutions In Synthetic Pigments Industry, the Entire World Is Shifting Towards the Manufacturing of Natural Pigments. the Present Article Contains Application of Different Natural Pigments, Which Has Huge Demand In Domestic As Well As In Foreign Market. It Is Hoped That Entrepreneurs, Technocrats, Existing Units Institutional Libraries Will Find This Article Very Useful.

The Indian Stock Market Does Not Move In Isolation and Its Returns Are Dependent Upon Economic Parameters. the Later Play a Pivotal Role In Influencing the Returns For Markets. an Investor Who Plugs His Money In the Stock Market May Take into Account the Fluctuations In Such Factors and Accordingly Plan Hisher Portfolio. Index Returns May Have a Causal Association With Many Factors In the Economy Inflation Rates, Interest Rates, Foreign Direct Investment Flows, Exchange Rate Mechanism, Gross Domestic Product, Monetary Policy of Central Bank, Crude Oil Prices to Name a Few. All of Them May Together Contribute Towards Volatility In Stock Returns. Thus, While Designing Strategies of Investment Due Relevance Must Be Given to Them. This Relationship Has Been Tested In Various Time Frames By Taking a Combination of Different Exogenous Factors In Short Run and Long Run. the Present Study Is Emphasized to Establish Association Between Change In the Four Variables and Their Causal Linkages In the Short Run. It Has Been Observed Using Granger Causality That All the Variables Have Causal Relationship During the Short Run.

In the Last Two Decades, Entrepreneurs and Academia from the Management Area Have Been Dealing With Inquiries About How and Why Companies Should Integrate Environmental Issues into Strategic Decision-Making. Thus, the Concern With the Environmental Issue Has Made All Ports Rethink Their Relations With the Environment. This Article Aimed at Verifying That Environmental Management Activities In Small and Medium-Sized Companies of the Metal-Mechanic Segment of the Central Madhya Pradesh (M.P.) Region Are In Line With Their Business Strategies. For That, It Was Carried Out a Study of Collective Cases In Four Companies of This Segment Business. the Data Were Analyzed By Means of the Inductive Content. the Results Revealed the Existence of Strongly Committed to Environmental Management and Environmental Practices Aligned With Their Strategies, Contrary to the Pessimism of Literature. In Addition, Research Evidenced That the Characteristic of the Formality, Understood Like Registry and Horizon of Strategic Planning, Maintained a Contradictory Relationship With the Adoption of Proactive Environmental Management In the Smes Studied.

Women empowerment is an important economic issue as the autonomy of women and the improvement of their social, political and economic status is of extreme significance. To achieve sustainable development, complete partnership and participation of both men and women are required in productive and non-productive activities (UNFPA, 1994).Women Empowerment. Indian women are said to have immense potential as successful entrepreneurs. They are predominantly constrained because of their double shifts as wives, mothers business women. They work twice as hard as men to prove that they are competent enough in doing a good job (Lincoln, 2012). The Present case relates to two vibrant, young and dynamic women entrepreneurs Ms. Monika Seth of Seth Industries, Amritsar and Ms. Riya Bajaj of KS Overseas, Noida. The data was collected using both primary and secondary sources of information. For primary information, a structured interview was conducted with Ms. Monika Seth and Ms. Riya Bajaj. As a source of secondary information, extensive review of literature relating women entrepreneurship has been undertaken. Both women entrepreneurs discussed in the case are operational in the similar kind of business. The only difference lies in their place of operation. Their enormous success and remarkable growth are indicators of their endless efforts. The study gives a comprehensive picture of the pivotal issues relating procurement of finance for the business, acquisition of raw material, dealing with competition, handling labour issues and ideology of discussed women entrepreneurs with respect to role of government in promoting businesses in India. The purpose of this research is to understand the ideology and the work-life balance of women entrepreneurs in textile industry. The identification of societal, economic, financial and regulatory (GST) issues faced by women entrepreneurs can be further used by government for development of women entrepreneurs in the country.

This Paper Seeks to Understand the Employment Picture of Male and Female Employee In the Scheduled Commercial Banks of India. It Is Tried to See to What Extent Banks In India Are Maintaining the Ratio of Male and Female Employees In the Banking Business. In the Study Years from Period 2000 to 2012 It Is Found That Participation of Women As an Employee In the Banking Business In India Is Very Low As Compared to the Male Counterpart. In the Entire Period of Study Female Employee Percentage In the Total Employee Is 13.69 Per Cent to 18.69 Per Cent.The Given Study Also Shows That Male Employee Officer’S Figure Represents a Very High Average Figure of Around 90 Per Cent and the Female Employee Officer’S Figure Represents an Average of Around 10 Per Cent.It Is Also Observed Foreign Banks and the Private Group of Banks Have Better Scenario In the Composition Offemale and Male Officers Than the Other Nationalized Groups Banks In the Country.At the Current Scenario There Is a Huge Gap of Employment Inequality Between Male and Female Population In the Scheduled Commercial Banks of India.

Poor People Live In Risky Environment Than the Rest of the Population, and They Are More Vulnerable to Cope When a Crisis Does Occur. One Possible Solution to Overcome Risks Is “Micro Insurance”. Micro Insurance Is a Special Mechanism to Protect Poor People Against Different Risks. Currently, Majority of the Poor People In India Are Employed In the Unorganized Sector. the Availability of Micro Insurance Would In some Ways Provide Them With some Protection and Peace of Mind. In Doing So, Micro Insurance Gives Them an Opportunity to Improve Their Lives. the Problem Is That, the Benefit of Micro Insurance Is Not Reached to the Target Population. the Study Also Suggests the Possible Ways For Effective Implementation of Micro Insurance to the Targeted Population.

Where Is the Quantity of Free Overwhelming Arrangements of Size . In This Paper, We Present the Free Mastery Polynomial of a Chart. the Autonomous Mastery Polynomials of some Standard Diagrams Are Acquired and a Few Properties of the Free Control Polynomial of Charts Are Set Up

In Today’S Modern Era, a Large Variety of Investment Avenues Are Available to the Investors. In This Paper an Attempt Has Been Made to Study the Basic Financial Literacy and Awareness About Available Investment Avenues of Indian Army Personnel Residency In Panchkula District. This Research Paper Is Focused on Awareness and Investment Pattern of Army Personnel.In Spite of Low Income, the Respondents Have Been Saving For the Future Needs. the Main Purpose of Investment Is For Children Education, Marriage and Safety After Retirement. Among All Investment Bank Fixed Deposits, Insurance Policies and Ppf Are Safest and Most Preferred By the Respondents.To Conduct the Present Study Primary Data Has Been Collected Via Personal Interaction With the Respondents For the Fulfillment of Present Study Objectives.

In Today's Worldwide Economy, Organizations Are Increasingly Asked to Demonstrate Sound Business Management That Includes Concern For Social, Environmental and Economic Issues. the Explicit Cost of Business Has More Share of the Social Cost With Specific Reference to the Environment, the Margin Where They Are Operating. As a Result of Observing the Trends and Patterns of the Production Process Well Equipped With the Enhanced Technology, It Is Expected to Adapt the Measures Which Can Bring Harmony With the Ecosystem and Economy. the Argument Created By Worldwide Competition Makes It Essential For Enterprises to Continuously Rationalize and Advance All Resources and Processes. In the View of All the Facts and Figures It Seems Desirable to Introduce the Concept Through Which the Cost of Utilization of Natural Resources Can Be Evaluated and Can Be Put Across With the Quantum of the Production. Green Accounting Mainly Focuses to Bring Harmony Between Corporate Environment and Natural Environment. the Present Research Article Is a Small Attempt to Discuss the Rationale For Introducing the Green Accounting Concept at This Hour and the Policies to Be Followed For the Application of the Same In the Indian Business World. Secondary Data Was Gathered Around For the Purpose. a Well-Known Proverb Says Stitch In Time Save Nine, As Its an Alarming Time For the Country to Adapt the Measures Rigorously to Preserve the Environment Along With the Growth of the Nation.

The Diversity of Various Types of Plankton Like Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Were Studied For River Tapti Near Burhanpur In M.P. the Plankton Was Collected By Standard Plankton Net from Three Different Sites of River Tapti. the Phytoplankton Were Represented By Bacilariophyceae , Chlorophyceae , Cynophyceae and Euglenophyceae, Out of Which Genetic Diversity of Bacilariophyceae Was More. the Zooplankton Were Identified In Various Phyla Like Protozoa, Helminthes, Rotifera, Annelida, Arthropoda Etc. Diversity of Arthropods Was Highest. the Percentage Composition of Various Groups Was Calculated For the Samples Taken from Different Sites. the Composition of Plankton As Percentage Representation Was Correlated For Different Sites With Sites Characteristics. on the Basis of Different Physico-Chemical and Biological Parameters , the Status of River Tapti Is Eutrophic In Nature and During Period Under Study 12 Fish Species, 42 Phytoplanktons (15 Bacilariophyceae , 18 Chlorophyceae , 09 Cynophyceae) and 32 Zooplanktons (10 Rotifera, 03 Crustacea, 11 Protozoa, 06 Copepoda, 02 Ostracoda) Genera Have Been Recorded .

The purpose of this paper was to understand the issues involved in the psychometric testing of a measuring instrument in business research. The two most important testing tools for measuring instrument are validity and reliability. Validity refers to whether a measuring instrument is measuring what it purports to. Three types of validity were discussed in this paper (1) transaction validity, which assesses how well the measuring instrument samples the content domain being measured (2) criterion validity, which assesses how well the measuring instrument correlates with other measures of the construct of interest and (3) construct validity, which assesses how well the measuring instrument represents the construct of interest. How consistently does the measuring instrument measures whatever it does measure? This is the issue of reliability. Reliability is the degree to which the measuring instrument is dependable, consistent and replicable over time, over the instruments and other groups of respondents. Three types of reliability were discussed in this paper(1) reliability as stability is a measure of consistency over time and over similar samples.(2) reliability as equivalence If equivalent forms of a measuring instrument yield similar results, then the measuring instrument can be said to demonstrate this form of reliability and (3) reliability as internal consistency which examines the inter-item correlations within a measurement device and indicates how well the items fit together conceptually.

Over the Past Decade, Electronic Advancements Have Revolutionized the Human Lifestyle. These Advancements Result In Huge Amount of Discarded or Obsolete Electronic Items Which Need Proper Management and Recycling. E-Waste Constitutes Both Hazardous and Non-Hazardous Materials and Therefore Needs to Be Treated By an Organized E-Waste Recycling Sector Having Advanced Machinery and Adequate Safety Standards. Unfortunately, the Present E-Waste Management Agencies Have Not Been Able to Eliminate the Interference of Unorganized E-Waste Recycling Sector. Therefore, Majority of E-Waste Is Handled By Unskilled Poor Labor Who Is Completely Unaware of the Subsequent Occupational Hazardous. Unorganized E-Waste Recycling Has Also Become a Potential Threat For the Environment As It Involves Exposure to Toxic Chemicals and Careless Disposal Methods. the Present Paper High Lights Various Hazards of Unorganized E-Waste Recycling and Simultaneously Give an Insight About the Organized E-Waste Recycling Sector. Further, a Three Tier Set of Recommendations For Government Agencies, Industrial Sector As Well As For the Consumers Has Been Proposed In This Paper.

Computer is one of the important and valuable devices today. Almost all the affairs these days are governed by the Computing and Information Technology. Engineering is a field and areas of knowledge that deals with the design, development, building, use of engines, machines, and structures for doing a specific task. Engineering previously called and treated as a field f hardcore activities and dealing but in recent past, the concept of the same has been changed and today many other emerging areas have been started in academics. Among these few important are Bio Technology, Nano Technology, Computer Technologies etc. Computing in today’s context treated as a designing, developing, building and applications of hardware and software systems in different context. In India also Computing and allied domains especially Information Technology has been started in engineering track as well. Many universities have started Computing, Computer Sciences, Information Technology and allied sciences in their Science and Engineering track, both. Engineering program in the context of Computing is offered in Engineering Colleges, Universities and other National and Autonomous institutions and universities. This is a conceptual study and deals with the detailed study of computing field available in Private Universities throughout India.

This research paper made a sincere attempt to present the impact of workers participation in management on the organizational conflicts in telecom sector special reference to Bharat Sanchar Nigam limited. Organizational conflicts have essential part of industrial democracy in present modern competitive telecom sector. It is trying to arriving to maintain reasonable balance between the business benefit, social gain and community incentive. In order to have peace in workplace and clashing free interest between the employee and employer, wpm is important in current scenario. The meaning of role of workers participation in management and its impacts in this research is underline. According to this emphasize, subject matter its situation and needs under consideration in study, are in true spirit and its result provide solid foundation result in the industry in the form of conflict managed environment, which is helpful to boost up the commercial environment and over all Indian economy.

Cereals and food legumes are the basic ingredients of Indian diets, especially, for the people with low-income groups. For these groups, food self-sufficiency still remains an unachieved objective. Although India is now self-sufficient in the production of cereals but it has yet to depend on import in case of pulses to meet the domestic requirements. This is not always or only because of the inefficiency of the local production systems but due to post harvests losses also. The extent of post-harvest losses in case of pulses is estimated to be in the range of 25-30. This is because pulses are required to pass through a number of unit operations before they are converted to dal. Some losses take place at every stage of processing which must be reduced. Nutritional security in India can be achieved by reducing post-production losses. In fact, production improvement must match with improvement in post-harvest operations and prevention of post-harvest losses. This paper, therefore, takes a look at different unit operations involved in processing of pulses and ways to improve the process to reduce the losses. Experiences or solutions resulting from the use of traditional methods, suitable technologies and mechanized systems are also discussed in detail. It also suggests measures to utilize the by-products for the manufacture of value added products, thereby enhancing income to the farmers. It also suggests future research thrusts in this area.

The present investigation was undertaken with a view to study algal biodiversity of Tapti River in Burhanpur District of Madhya Pradesh, India. The research Work was performed during June 2015 to May 2017, Altogether 26 genera were indentified and recorded from different 10 sites of Tapti River during the two year period of investigation of these 13 genera belonged to chlorophyceae 06 genera belonged to Becillariophyceae, 04 genera belonged to Cyanophyceae, 02 genera belonged to charophyceae and ol genera belonged to Euglenophyceae. The members of chlorophyceae were dominant followed by becillariophyceae, charophyceae and euglenophyceae. Diversity of algae in terms quantity and quality were observed at all selected sites of Tapti River. Unicellular, colonial and filamentous algal forms were reported throughout the period of investigation. The algal gehera whose species recorded at all sites of study area were sjzivogyra, zygnemo cosmarium, Nit3 sehia, Euglena, Chlorococcus, oscillatoria and Phormidium (see table 1 table2 Plate 1,2,3A, 3B)

In the industrialized countries, three phase induction motors have wide applications due to robustness, low maintenance, low cost, reliability and simple construction. The speed control of motor is required to obtain maximum torque and improved performance. This paper deals with the theory and simulation of a rule based fuzzy logic controller applied to induction motor model in closed loop to control its speed efficiently in a simple way. The control systems using artificial intelligence technique are the smart and intelligent control systems. Induction motor has non-linear features, so conventional control methods cannot ensure good performance, hence knowledge based fuzzy logic controllers are used which works efficiently and does not require accurate mathematical model. Fuzzy logic is the convenient way to incorporate the knowledge of human experts in to the systems. The fuzzy logic controller depends on a set of simple linguistic if-then rules. The scalar control strategy based on simplified voltsHertz control scheme with stator frequency regulation is implemented where the slip value is the variable to be regulated to provide the required frequency signal for speed control. This paper presents Mamdani type FLC applied to induction motor control and its simulation results. Various toolboxes in Matlab are used for testing the simulated design to analyze the performance.

This study attempts to explain why the customers choose an unorganized retail outlet for their daily grocery needs and moreover discusses the challenges faced by Kirana stores (unorganized food grocery retailers) in the proximal growth of organised grocery retailers who pose a threat of survival in Bhopal market. This descriptive and exploratory study has focused on the strategies being followed by unorganized (branded) food grocery retailers in Bhopal City to survive. Convenience sampling technique, percentage method and chi-square test have been applied to reach on decision making in relation to subject. Study has focused on the proximity of outlets, opening up of a store, location advantage of store and other various significant elements have been covered to justify the survival of unorganized fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) outlets in Bhopal city. Objective of this study is to understand the reasons for outlet visit by shoppers, challenges of kirana stores and their strategies to cope with the competition. The elements of changes in demography have led the study to identify the significant reasons to witness choice and selection of outlet (Kirana or unorganized outlet) to shop at that provides to sustain with posed challenges by organised food grocery retailers.

One of the primary requirements of our modern civilization in any aspect is the procurement of reliable electricity supply systems. Vast part of world’s population resides in rural areas. This paper discusses the renewable hybrid power generation system which is suitable for Baheya village situated in Jharkhand. All the load details of the village are collected and accordingly the amount of power to be generated is calculated. The technical, economic and C02 mitigation potential of solar PV-bio hybrid system is evaluated. Off grid hybrid power system is an attractive method to supply electricity to rural areas, especially for communities living far away from the main grid, where the grid extension is not possible. In this paper, a PV-biogas hybrid system has been modeled for the people of Baheya Village, which is located in the north eastern area of the Suwarnrekha River Ranchi. This village is under developed and lacks the electricity supply from the main grid due to its remote location. The PV-biogas hybrid system makes use of biogas and solar power to generate a major portion of the electricity as both solar irradiation and biomass is abundant in the village and it provides a green solution to the electricity shortage. The diesel generator is used to meet the energy demand at night which cannot be met by the renewable energy alone. In order to get a practical idea about technical and economical feasibility of setting up a hybrid renewable based power system in Baheya Village, some of the renewable based power plants located in different parts of the country were visited. Furthermore, a field survey is done in order to collect information about the population, load demand and to understand the socioeconomic condition of the village. The proposed PV- biogas hybrid system is able to provide cost effective, reliable and clean energy to the residents of the village.

Vehicles can be directly communicated with each other if this Vehiclescomes in transmission range the sender vehicles which send packets to the receiver’s vehicle.We focused on enhancedand modified Vanet protocol Greedy Perimeter Coordinator Routing with mobility awareness (GPCR-MA) and presented the security for Blackhole and Sybil Attacks in the GPCR-MA. The solutions of blackhole and Sybil attack are verified with the help of implementation and simulation using network simulator (NS-2.35). Our investigation demonstrates the comparison between GPCR-MA, blackhole GPCR-MA (BH-GPCR-MA) and Sybil GPCR-MA (Sybil-GPCR-MA) attack in the network. This comparison carried between the simulation time and number of nodes established on QOS parameter presentation of network delay, Delivery Ratio (PDR), Average throughput and energy consumption. The packet deliver ratio performances are decreased in BH-GPCR-MA and Sybil-GPCR-MA with respect to rapidly change network state and network density of the network. The simulation results show that GPCR-MA is better than BH-GPCR-MA and Sybil-GPCR-MA.

The plant authenticated as Lycopus sinnatus (Nutt.) Benth is a common weed of crop fields collected from near the maize crop field of O.U.A.T. farm campus during September 2015 to October 2015.The aquous extract of the whole plant was prepared by Soxhalation. The quantity of Alkaloids, Flavonoids and Phenols estimated are 980.46mgATE100gmDW, 713.06mgQUE100gmDW and 827.66mgGAE100gmDW respectively. Two different concentrations of water solution of the extract i.e. 0.906 and 1.188 were tested for their effect on seed germination of Helianthus annus L., Lycopersicon esculentum L.,Triticum aestivum L., Oryza sativa L. and Vigna mungo L. The of germination in control is 96 in H.annus,90 in L.esculentum,96 in T.aestivum,80 in O. sativa,28 in V.mungo. The of germination in treatment with0.906 solution was found to be 54 in H.annus,20 in L.esculentum,58 in T.aestivum,30 in O. sativa and 16 in V.mungo whereas the of germination in treatment with 1.188 solution was found out to be68 in H.annus,20 in L.esculentum,66 in T.aestivum,88 in O.sativa and 24 in V.mungo. Statistical analysis shows significant inhibition of germination in all cases with a good correlation between the concentration and germination percentage except in cases of O.sativa and V. mungo. The extract may be stimulatory at higher concentration. Field treatment to eliminate or prevent the formation of phytotoxins after the crop harvest may be suggested to minimize the autointoxication exhibited by some crop residues like the above.

Energy requirement continues to increase with the growth in population. The fossil fuel based conventional sources of energy are widely used but they are polluting and depleting fast. Whether it is the conventional or non-conventional source, solar energy is the mother of all these forms of energy. It gives light and heat energy in such a manner that doesn't harm the environment. Power obtained from the fixed solar mounting system due to its fixed arrangement is very little. The power generation from solar panels can be increased with the help of tracking systems in such a manner that panels face the sun during the day in all the seasons. A comparative analysis and study of various solar tracking systems are presented in this paper.

Unauthorized accesses of computer application and network are biggest issue in the field of computer security. Due to the popularity of the computer system and computer applications, new kinds of attacks are emerging rapidly. The Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) detects this type of intrusion activity. This paper is design and development of IDS using mobile agent to enhance the efficiency as compared to previous IDS based on Mobile Agents. Furthermore this paper is also the deep study of significant parameters called features of NSLKDD data set and its values. On the basis of deep analysis of 41 feature of NSLKDD dataset, 13 significant features and its threshold values identified by proposed IDS. Total five rules for the identification of normal and abnormal (DOS, U2R, Probe, R2L) packet is designed which is based on 13 significant features. Our deep analysis of significant parameters and experiments clearly shows that proposed IDS is more effective and accurate which is also reducing response time and false alarms rate.

The Mobile Social Cloud Computing (MSCC) paradigm is evolved keeping mobility in mind. MSCC essentially includes several user requirements including Quality of Service (QoS), which is largely affected by faults and malicious behaviour of mobile nodes. QoS is a necessary metric to evaluate the quality of MSCC. Depending on the research areas, different researchers defined QoS in different ways. Most of the schemes are proposed against random faulty clouds and works well, but these do not protect from malicious nodes present in MSCC. In MSCC, malicious users are those who take cloud services from other devices and avoid providing services to others due to one or the other reason. This paper outlines major technical challenges (problems) in MSCC and the opportunities that can be realized to overcome the challenges. The survey of related literature is also presented. Furthermore, the work proposes a Reliable Algorithm to enhance privacy and Quality of Service (QoS) in MSCC. The proposed work utilized Content Addressable Network (CAN) to give logical structure to MSCC network. The proposed algorithm is implemented in CloudSim, a renowned simulation tool. The results are evaluated on basis of QoS parameters Execution Time and Finish Time. The experimental results are analyzed to demonstrate the efficacy of algorithm in both cases SNS without CAN and SNS in presence of malicious environment.